Survival, growth and production of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus at

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Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center Aquaculture Department

SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository http://repository.seafdec.org.ph

Institutional Reports Quarterly Research Reports

1981

Survival, growth and production of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus at

different density combinations with milkfish

Apud, F. D.

Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

Apud, F. D., & Benagua, S. H. (1981). Survival, growth and production of Penaeus monodon and P. indicus at different density combinations with milkfish. SEAFDEC Aquaculture

Department Quarterly Research Report, 5(1), 5–9.

http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2383

Downloaded from http://repository.seafdec.org.ph, SEAFDEC/AQD's Institutional Repository

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Survival, growth and production o f Penaeus m o n o d o n and P. in d ic u s at different density combinations w ith milkfish

F .D . A p u d and S .H . Benagua

P en ae us m o n o d o n (9 .2 1 g A B W ) and Penaeus in d ic u s ( 2 .3 4 g A B W ) ju v e n ile s w e re s to c k e d and re a red f o r a b o u t 3 m o n th s in 5 0 0 m 2 e a rth e n p o n d s a t d if f e r e n t d e n s ity c o m b in a tio n s w i t h C. ch a n o s. D e n s ity ra tio s f o r P. m o n o d o n a n d P. in d ic u s w e re as f o llo w s : A = 3 0 0 : 1 0 0 / p o n d ; B = 2 0 0 : 2 0 0 ; C = 1 0 0 :3 0 0 ; D = 4 0 0 P. m o n o d o n a n d E = 4 0 0 P. in d ic u s . C. c h a n o s w a s s to c k e d a t a c o n s ta n t d e n s ity o f 1 0 0 /p o n d .

T h e p e rce n ta g e s u rv iv a ls f o r C. c h a n o s , P. i n d ic u s an d P. m o n o d o n are s u m m a riz e d in T a b le 1. A n a ly s is o f va ria n c e s h o w e d t h a t th e re w a s s ig n ific a n t d iffe r e n c e a t th e 5% level f o r s u rv iv a l a m o n g tre a tm e n ts o f P. m o n o d o n . T h e re w a s n o s ig n ific a n t d iffe r e n c e in C. c h a n o s su rv iv a l a m o n g tre a tm e n ts .

T h e p re sen ce o f e ith e r P. m o n o d o n and P. in d ic u s o r b o th a t a n y d e n s ity r a t io d id n o t a ffe c t s ig n ific a n tly th e C. c h a n o s s u rv iv a l. T h e o v e r-a ll ra te o f a b o u t 9 2 % f o r C. c h a n o s w as c o m p a ra b le w it h th a t a ch ie ve d in a p o ly c u lt u r e s y s te m o f E ld a n i a n d P rim a v e ra , ( 1 9 8 1 ) w it h 9 3 .8 % a n d P u d a d e ra (1 9 8 0 ) w i t h 8 7 .2 % . In tr e a tm e n ts w i t h o u t p ra w n s , P u d a d e ra ( 1 9 8 0 ) g o t m ilk fis h s u rv iv a l o f 9 5 %. M o s t o f m ilk fis h m o n o c u ltu r e p r a c titio n e r s g e t as m u c h ra te o r n o r m a lly m o re th a n 9 0 % s u rv iv a l. R e su lts o f th e s tu d y o f E ld a n i a n d P rim a v e ra ( 1 9 8 1 ) s h o w e d t h a t th e a d d itio n o f p ra w n in crea sed m ilk fis h g r o w th an d p r o d u c tio n , an d c o n t r o lle d C h ir o n o m id larvae a b u n d a n tly p re s e n t in th e e a rth e n p o n d s d u r in g th e c u ltu r e p e r io d . L ik e w is e , G u n d e rm a n and P o p p e r (1 9 7 7 ) r e p o rte d t h a t P. m o n o d o n , P. m e rg u ie n s is a n d P. in d ic u s w e re o b se rve d fe e d in g o n C h iro n o m o u s larvae in F iji w h ic h re s u lte d in th e absence o f th e la rva e several w e e k s a fte r s to c k in g . H o w e v e r, in th is s tu d y o n ly a fe w c h ir o n o m id la rvae w e re o b s e rv e d d u r in g th e c u ltu r e p e rio d . T h is s tu d y in d ic a te d t h a t m ilk fis h s u rv iv a l is n o t in flu e n c e d in p o ly c u lt u r e w i t h s h rim p s a n d p ra w n s .

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T a b le 1. S u m m a ry o f s to c k in g , harvest and p ro d u c tio n o f P. m o n o d o n and P. in d ic u s at d iffe re n t d en sity ratios w ith C. c h a n o s in 5 0 0 m 2 ea rth en ponds.

Treatm ent Species

S tocking density (N o./500 sq m)

Mean Survival

Rate(%)

Mean body weight (g)

Mean w eight gain(g)

Gross Production (kg/ha/crop)

In itia l Final Initial Final

A P. m onodon 300 40 13.3* 9.21 16.0 6.8 12.4

P. indicus 100 52 5 2 .0+ 2.34 16.84 14.5 17.6

C. chanos 100 96.3 96.3 104.5 268.1 163.6 516.4

T otal 500 188.3 546.4

B P. m onodon 200 48 2 4 .0 * 9.21 29.0 19.8 27.0

P. indicus 200 166 83.0+ 2.34 12.0 9.7 40.8

C. chanos 100 94.3 94.3 104.5 251.9 147.4 475.1

Total 500 208.3 542.9

C P. m onodon 100 61.3 6 1 .3 * 9.21 18.5 19.3 22.7

P. indicus 300 192 64.0+ 2.34 14.0 11.6 53.4

C. chanos 100 89.3 89.3 104.5 265.3 160.8 473.8

T otal 500 342.6 549.9

D P. m onodon

P. indicus 400 188 47.0 + 2.34 13.1 10.4 49.2

C. chanos 100 86.3 86.3 104.5 265.3 160.8 457.9

Total 500 274.3 507.1

E P. m on o d o n 400 48.0 12.0* 9.21 12.0 2.79 10.7

P. indicus

C. chanos 100 93.6 93.6 104.5 258.4 153.9 483.7

Total 500 141.6 495.2

* +Significantly d iffe re n t values at P < 0.05.

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The significant differences in the survival o f P. m onodon indicated certain e ffe ct o f density and density ratio. P. m onodon survivals as shown in Table 1 were inversely related to stocking density. P. indicus survival appeared to have been p a rtly influenced b y the density o f P. m onodon.

It was highest in T reatm ent B w ith the lowest num ber o f P. m onodon. It was therefore indicated by the above results th a t intraspecific and interspecific co m p e titio n did occur and were reduced w ith the reduction in stocking rate. Increase in the density o f P. m onodon had a negative e ffe ct on

its survival as well as the survival o f P. indicus.

The lowest survival (12%) o f P. m onodon was obtained in T reatm ent E and was consistent w ith the average prawn survival o f 10-50% reported b y Delmendo and Rabanal (1956) in a c o m mercial culture o f prawn w ith m ilkfish and o th e r fin fis h . No dead prawns were recovered fro m all ponds. High m o rta lity o f P. m onodon and P. indicus may be related to high stocking density (8000/ha). As such small m oulting penaeids are susceptible to predatory a c tiv ity o f o ther n o n m oulting and starving penaeids. Marte (1980) described P. m onodon as more o f a predator o f slow- moving benthic macroinvertebrates and reported th a t 85% o f ingested food o f 167 w ild and adult P. m onodon consisted small crabs, shrimps and molluscs. Hall (1972) as cited b y Wickins (1976) reported th a t in general, small crustaceans, polychaetes, algae and d e tritu s are the food o f P. m onodon, P. indicus, P. merguiensis and Metapenaeus species. M ilkfish and penaeids have d iffe re n t food preferences so food c o m p e titio n was n o t present in the experim ent. V icencio (1977) reported th a t m ilkfish fry and fingerlings prefer p h y to p la n k to n as fo o d w h ile post fingerlings and marketable size fish feed on p la n kto n and filam entous green algae.

The mean w eight gains fo r C. chanos were alm ost sim ilar in all treatm ents, the highest (163.6 g) was achieved in Treatm ent A and th e lowest (147.4) was recorded in T reatm ent B.

Pudadera (1980) indicated th a t there exists a co m p e titio n between C. chanos and P. m onodon although negligible to r 2,000 C. chanos, w ith 6,000 P. m o n o d o n/ha w ith a co m p e titio n index o f

0.03 b u t increased to 0.15 when C. chanos were stocked at 4,000/ha.

The mean w eight gains fo r P. indicus and P. m onodon indicated some degree o f in te r and infra-specific c o m p e titio n . The mean w eight gain fo r P. indicus did n o t vary as much as P. m onodon, although results suggest some d ire ct influence o f stocking rate. The la tte r gained more w eight (19.8 g) at 4,000/ha w ith 4,000/ha o f P. indicus. A t 8 ,000/ha, P. m o n o d o n net w eight gain was low (2.79 g) w ith o u t P. indicus.

C. chanos productions in kg/ha/crop were sim ilar in all treatm ents ranging fro m 457.9 kg (Treatm ent D) or an average o f 481.4 kg. This rate was relatively higher than th a t achieved by Eldani and Primavera, (1981) 322.3 kg/ha/crop and 382.6 and Pudadera, 1980 (374 kg/h a /cro p and 388.1) in a p o lycu ltu re system w ith P. m onodon at 4,000-8,000 and 6,000 praw n/ha, respec

tively. A t three croppings a year such p roduction w ould reach as much as 1.4 tons/ha w hich is bigger than our national average o f 600-700 kg in m onoculture system.

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T a b le 2 . C o m p e titio n in d e x b e tw e e n P. m o n o d o n and P. in d ic u s at d iffe re n t d e n s ity c o m b in a tio n s fo r a p e rio d o f 3 m o n th s .

D e n s ity C o m b in a tio n

N e t p r o d u c tio n (k g /h a ) C o m p e titio n In d e x ( C I ) M o n o c u ltu r e P o ly c u ltu r e

A . E f fe c t o f P. in d ic u s o n P. m o n o d o n : N e g a tiv e va lu e s in d ic a te n o c o m p e titio n a n d t h e r e fo r e P. in d ic u s had n o e ffe c t o n P. m o n o d o n

1. 2 0 0 0 P. in d ic u s 6 0 0 0 P. m o n o d o n

10 .7 1 2 .4 - 0 . 1 5 9

2 . 4 0 0 0 P. in d ic u s 4 0 0 0 P. m o n o d o n

10 .7 1 2 .4 - 1 . 5 2

1 0 .7 2 2 .7 - 1 . 1 2

B. E ffe c t o f P. m o n o d o n o n P. in d ic u s :

P o s itiv e values in d ic a te c o m p e titio n a t h ig h d e n s ity o f P. m o n o d o n a n d th e re fo r e u n fa v o ra b le e ffe c t o n P. in d ic u s .

1. 2 0 0 0 P. in d ic u s 6 0 0 0 P. m o n o d o n

4 9 .2 1 7 .6 0 .6 4

4 9 .2 4 0 .8 0 .1 7

4 9 .2 5 3 .4 - 0 . 0 9

C o m p e titio n in d ic e s are s h o w n in T a b le 2 . O n th e e ffe c t o f P. in d ic u s o n P. m o n o d o n c o m p e t it io n in d ic e s w e re —0 .1 5 9 , —1 .5 2 a n d — 1 .1 2 f o r T re a tm e n ts A , B & C, re s p e c tiv e ly . T hese n e g a tive values in d ic a te absence o f c o m p e t it io n b e tw e e n P. in d ic u s an d P. m o n o d o n . O n th e e ffe c t o f P. m o n o d o n o n P. in d ic u s th e c o m p e t it io n in d e x w a s 0 .6 4 , 0 .1 7 an d —0 .0 9 f o r T r e a t

m e n ts A , B a n d C. T h e p o s itiv e values in d ic a te c o m p e titio n at h ig h d e n s ity o f P. m o n o d o n . H o w e v e r, a n e g a tiv e v a lu e o f c o m p e t it io n in d e x w as o b ta in e d a t lo w e r d e n s ity ( 2 ,0 0 0 P. m o n o d o n/

ha).

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While to ta l gross productions fo r C. chanos were relatively higher than o u r national average and th a t o f the other tw o above experim ents, added p ro d u ctio n derived fro m P. indicus and P. m onodon seems considerable. Further studies on higher density ratios and probably w ith feed

ing and economic consideration w ould be o f great help to the developm ent o f this kin d o f fis h pond management systems.

Literature cited:

Eldani, A. and Primavera, J.H. 1981. E ffe ct o f d iffe re n t stocking com binations in g ro w th , p ro d u ction and survival o f m ilkfish (C. chanos Forskal) and prawn (Penaeus m onodon Fabricius) in p o lycu lture in brackishwater ponds. A quaculture 6:197-198.

Pudadera, B. 1980. Evaluation o f m ilkfish (Chanos chanos Forskal) and prawn (Penaeus m onodon Fabricius) in p o lycu lture system. UP-SEAFDEC Graduate S tudy Program, Lega

nes, Ilo ilo , Philippines (Masteral Thesis).

Delmendo, M.N. and Rabanal, H.R. 1956. C u ltiva tio n o f sugpo Penaeus m onodon Fabricius in the Philippines, Proc. Indo-Pacif. Fish. Counc., 6:424-431.

Gunderman, N. and Popper, D., 1977. A comparative study o f three species o f penaeid prawns and th e ir s u ita b ility fo r p o lycu lture w ith fish in F iji Is. A q uaculture, 1 1 :63-74.

Marte, C.L. 1980. The food and feeding habits o f P. m onodon Fabricius collected fro m Makato River, A kla n , Philippines, Crustaceans 38:225-236.

V icencio, F.T., 1977. Studies on the food habits o f m ilk fis h , C. chanos (Forskal) Fish. Research Journ. Philippines, 2: 3-18.

W ickins, J.F., 1976. Prawns Biology and C ulture Oceanogr. Marine B iology A n n : 1 4 : 450-451.

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