i
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF VALUE ENGINEERING AS APPLIED TO THE COLUMN DESIGN STRENGTH AT
AVIDA TOWERS MAKATI WEST PROJECT
KATRINA SALORIO LAMERY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
APRIL 2010
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF VALUE ENGINEERING AS APPLIED TO THE COLUMN DESIGN STRENGTH AT
AVIDA TOWERS MAKATI WEST PROJECT
KATRINA SALORIO LAMERY 2004 – 39120
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAÑOS
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
APRIL 2010
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Acceptance Sheet ii
About the Author iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
List of Figures ix
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Significance of the Study 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 3
1.4 Scope and Limitations 3
1.5 Date and Place of the Study 4
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Value Engineering 5
2.1.1 Goals 5
2.1.2 Proper Timing 6
2.1.3 Job Plan 7
2.1.3.1 Pre-workshop Activities 8
2.1.3.2 Workshop Activities 8
2.1.3.2.1 Information Phase 9
2.1.3.2.2 Functional Analysis Phase 9
2.1.3.2.3 Creative Phase 9
2.1.3.2.4 Evaluation Phase 9
2.1.3.2.5 Development Phase 10
2.1.3.2.6 Presentation Phase 10
2.1.3.3 Post – Workshop Activities 10
2.2 Applications in Construction 11
3. STUDY METHODOLOGY 12
4. OBSERVATIONS 4.1 Concrete Strength 13
4.2 Working Methodologies 15
4.2.1 Placement of Formworks and Reinforcement Bars 15
4.2.1.1 Slabs 15
4.2.1.2 Columns 17
4.2.1.3 Wall Panels 19
4.2.2 Placement of Concrete 21
4.2.2.1 Second to Fifteenth Floor 22
4.2.2.2 Sixteenth Floor to Roof Deck 24
4.2.2.3 Pre-cast Wall Panels 25
4.3 Columns and Shear Walls 26
4.4 Change Order 30
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Leading Factors 31
5.2 Resulting Factors 32
5.2.1 Costs 32
5.2.1.1 Deductive Costs 32
5.2.1.1.1 Column Formworks 32
5.2.1.1.2 Rebar Works 37
5.2.1.1.3 Labor Cost 40
5.2.1.2 Additive Costs 48
5.2.1.2.1 Ready-mix Concrete 48
5.2.1.2.2 Additional Formworks at joint areas 49
5.2.2 Labor Productivity 51
5.3 Assessment of Effectiveness 54
6. CONCLUSIONS 61
7. RECOMMENDATIONS 63
BIBLIOGRAPHY 64
APPENDICES Appendix A. Change Order for Column Concrete Strength Revision 65
Appendix B. Change Order Requesting for Additional Formworks 66
Appendix C-1. Column and Shear Wall Designation at Tower 1 67
Appendix C-2. Column and Shear Wall Designation at Tower 2 68
Appendix D-1. Column and Shear Wall Formworks at Tower 1 69
Appendix D-2. Column and Shear Wall Formworks at Tower 2 73
Appendix E-1. Concrete Volume for Columns and Shear Walls at Tower 1 77
Appendix E-2. Concrete Volume for Columns and Shear Walls at Tower 2 81
Appendix F. Additional Formworks for Joint Areas at Towers 1 and 2 85
Appendix G-1. Detailed Breakdown of Over-all Costs for Tower 1 89
Appendix G-2. Detailed Breakdown of Over-all Costs for Tower 2 92
viii LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page No.
Table 4-1. Height of Columns and Shear Walls per Floor Level 27 Table 4-2. Column and Shear Wall Quantities per Floor Level 28 Table 4-3. Actual Volume of Concrete Poured from Foundation
up to Fifteenth Floor 29
Table 4-4. Actual Volume of Concrete Poured from Sixteenth Floor
up to Roof Deck 29
Table 5-1. Total Area of Formworks for Column C1 at Tower 1 34 Table 5-2. Total Area of Formworks for Column C1 at Tower 2 34 Table 5-3. Summary of Total Area of Formworks for All Columns
and Shear Walls at Tower 1 35
Table 5-4. Summary of Total Area of Formworks for All Columns
and Shear Walls at Tower 2 36
Table 5-5. Rebar Quantities for Tower 1 38
Table 5-6. Rebar Quantities for Tower 2 39
Table 5-7. Total Concrete Volume for Column C1 at Tower 1 43 Table 5-8. Total Concrete Volume for Column C1 at Tower 2 44 Table 5-9. Summary of Total Concrete Volume for All Columns
and Shear Walls at Tower 1 45
Table 5-10. Summary of Total Concrete Volume for All Columns
and Shear Walls at Tower 2 46
Table 5-11. Summary of Deducted Labor Costs 47
Table 5-12. Additional Area of Formworks for Joint Areas 50 Table 5-13. Summary of Costs Incurred for Tower 1 56
Table 5-14. Summary of Costs Incurred for Tower 2 57
LIST OF FIGURES
Table No. Title Page No.
Figure 1-1. Avida Towers Makati West 1
Figure 1-2. Location Map of Avida Towers Makati West 4 Figure 2-1. Timing of Value Engineering Opportunities 6
Figure 2-2. Modern Value Engineering Process 8
Figure 4-1. Result of Slump Testing Done on Concrete 14 Figure 4-2. Concrete Sample Homogenization of Temperature
Inside the Curing Tank 14
Figure 4-3. Installation of Formworks for Slabs 16
Figure 4-4. Installation of Bottom Bars on Slabs 16
Figure 4-5. Installation of Ties by Fitting Closed Hoops of 16 mmØ Rebars 17 Figure 4-6. Location of Columns Laid Out by Use of Form Shoe
Adjusting by 40 mm for Concrete Cover 18
Figure 4-7. Inspection of Column Formworks by Measuring from
A Given Gridline to a 50 mm Offset 19
Figure 4-8. Formworks for the Concrete Wall Panels 20
Figure 4-9. Actual Reinforcement Done on the Concrete Wall Panels 20 Figure 4-10. Filling of Bucket with Ready-Mix Concrete 21 Figure 4-11. Concrete Pouring on Column Joint Areas with 8000 psi
Concrete Mix 22
Figure 4-12. Concrete Pouring on Column Joint Areas and Slabs
Using 5000 psi Concrete Mix 23
Figure 4-13. Concrete Finishing Done on the Slabs 23
Figure 4-14. Concrete Curing Done on the Slabs 24
Figure 4-15. Concrete Pouring on Columns and Slabs
Using 7000 psi Concrete Mix 24
Figure 4-16. Pre-Casting on Concrete Wall Panels Using
4000 psi Concrete Mix 25
Figure 4-17. Installation of Pre-Cast Walls Using Chain Blocks 26 Figure 5-1. Dimensions of Column C1 between Foundation
to Second Floor 33
Figure 5-2. Proper Sequence for Concrete Pouring of 5000 psi and
8000 psi Concrete Mix 52
Figure 5-3. Graph of Value Engineered Vs Original Cumulative
Costs at Tower 1 58
Figure 5-4. Graph of Value Engineered Vs Original Cumulative
Costs at Tower 2 59
