Decade Resolution and Action Plan for Sustainable Fisheries for Food Security in the ASEAN Region Towards 2020 (policy principle in achieving sustainable fisheries for food security in the next decade); Report on Promoting the One Village One Fisheries Products (FOVOP) System to Improve Livelihoods for Fishing Communities in the ASEAN Region.
SEAFDEC Approaches on Enhancement of Fisheries Resources
However, there will be some focus on the illegal fishing practices of foreign vessels (from neighboring countries and others) and their continued fishing in the exclusive economic zones of the region. The increasing demand for fish products, together with the rapid growth of fishing capacity and the development of modern fishing techniques, has led to overexploitation of fishing resources in the Southeast Asian region.
Nevertheless, the demand for fish by the fishing sectors of the countries in the region is still increasing, which in a sense leads to a further increase in the number of fishermen and vessels, and a growing intensity of fishing activities aimed at meeting the increasing demand to fulfil. Learning from the above experiences and taking into account the current scenario that reflects the status of the region's marine resources, improvements in fisheries resources and fish stocks in Southeast Asia are the main focus of the second phase of the project that SEAFDEC will implement from 2010 to 2010. 2015.
About the Author
It is widely recognized that the serious problems facing future global food security are driven by significant world population growth, continued increase in demand for fish protein, while large numbers of the world's fish stocks are currently being depleted. The situation is the same in all regions of the world, including the Southeast Asian region, which currently supplies a quarter of global marine fish production, or about 14 million tons of fish products.
Illegal Fishing in the Southeast Asian Region
Illegal Fishing
However, few cases of illegal fishing have been found in the border waters between two coastal states such as Brunei Darussalam and Sabah, Malaysia (Mazaini, 2009).
Fisheries Production in Southeast Asia
Characteristics of Marine Fishery
Frameworks in Southeast Asian Countries
Fishery Laws and Regulations
Fishing in such areas is prohibited without permission from the Director General of Fisheries. The government agency responsible for the governance, development and management of fisheries is now the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD).
Fishing Capacity
References to Brunei Darussalam's fishing restrictions are indicated in the Fisheries Act or related laws, in which fishing restrictions extend up to 200 miles from the baselines. His Majesty the Sultan of Brunei may, by order, designate any country outside Brunei Darussalam and, in connection therewith, areas within the fishing limits of Brunei Darussalam in which, and descriptions of the fish on which, fishing boats registered in that country may fish.
Policy and Institutional Issues
A foreign fishing boat that is not currently registered in a country designated under subsection the government of the country to which the boat belongs; and any such boat entering those limits for such purpose. A foreign fishing boat registered in any country shall not fish or attempt to fish within the fishing limits of Brunei Darussalam except in accordance with the terms and conditions of such license as may be required for such boat under the Fisheries Act and except in an area and for descriptions of fish that have so far been designated by law in relation to the country's fishing boats.
Regional Level Issues
Policies should then be re-examined to ensure that they are not ambiguous and that the direction should be to support a reduction in fishing capacity. Another drawback that is constantly repeated in the reduction of fishing capacity is the lack of employment opportunities for fishermen to leave fishing.
Directions for Combating Illegal Fishing and Management of Fishing Capacity
In the process of this cooperation, the ASEAN Fisheries Consultative Forum (AFCF) should be used as a venue for the further development of a regional fisheries management mechanism. In order to combat illegal fishing more effectively in the region, there is a need to strengthen coordination in the development of MCS networks, vessel registration and the issuance of fishing licenses between the relevant line agencies in each country and between countries in the region.
Promote and Develop Regional and Sub-regional Fisheries Management
Strengthening the implementation of regional cooperation programs to monitor international instruments and regional agreements. Given that fishing activities and fleet structures vary from country to country in the region, a set of criteria should be gradually agreed in order to create a regional register/list, e.g.
Future Challenges
Country report presented during the SEAFDEC Regional Workshop on Reducing the Impacts of Fishing in the Coastal and Marine Environment of Southeast Asian Waters, 12-15 January 2009. Country report presented at the SEAFDEC Regional Workshop on Reducing the Impacts of Fishing in the Coastal and Marine Environment of Southeast Asian Waters, 12-15 January 2009.
About the Authors
Country report presented at the SEAFDEC Regional Workshop on Reducing the Impact of Fishing in the Coastal and Marine Environment in Southeast Asian Waters, 12-15 January 2009, SEAFDEC Training Department. Selective fishing gear and practices have been promoted in the Southeast Asian region through demonstrations and experiments.
Evolution of JTEDs developed by SEAFDEC/TD for the Southeast Asian
Specifically, the bar spacing of 1.0 cm rigid sorting mesh has the lowest leakage rate and is therefore the most suitable type. A rigid sorting net with a bar spacing of 1.0 cm (leakage rate 33%) could be a more suitable selective device than the others (leakage rate 45%).
Assessment and evaluation of the use of JTEDs
The JTED-Changeable Grid Selection”
Adoption of JTEDs in Calbayog City, Philippines: A success story
JTED trials in the Philippines at the recommendation of the Philippine Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). BFAR also suggested to the Philippine government authorities the possibility of formulating a national regulation on the use of JTEDs for the sustainable management of the country's fisheries resources.
Conclusion
The successful collaborative efforts among the various stakeholders in the implementation of JTEDs in Calbayog City was considered by the Philippine government as a practical fisheries management framework. Consequently, the Philippine government issued a regulation on the use of JTEDs in all trawlers operating in the country.
Way Forward
Bundit Chokesanguan, a fishing equipment technologist is the Chief of the Information and Training Division of the SEAFDEC Training Department in Samutprakarn, Thailand. Suppachai Ananpongsuk, a fisheries biologist is the Chief of the Administration Division of the SEAFDEC Training Department in Samutprakarn, Thailand.
Addressing the Causes of Fishery Conflict
Nevertheless, in recent years there has been an unusual increase in such conflicts in the coastal areas of Southeast Asian countries, Thailand being no exception. Lack of consultation with local fishermen, while the government does not harness the capacity of fishing communities to participate in the management of local resources;.
Moving Towards Rights-Based Coastal Fisheries and Co-Management
Potential benefits of co-management and rights-based fishing to address fishing conflicts Causes of fishing. Under rights-based fishing and co-management, the management of local coastal resources becomes more flexible and adaptive, making full use of indigenous knowledge and expertise.
Plan of Action
Decentralization and Establishment of Rights-Based Inshore Fisheries
Rights-based fishing allows for efficient and fair control of who is allowed to fish in coastal areas and how the fishing must take place. Rights-based fisheries and decentralization are very much in line with the last Thai constitution, which recognizes the rights of local people to conserve and manage resources in their communities.
Capacity Building at All Levels
Building human capacity (skills and manpower) collective action in coastal fisheries management, institutionalization of small-scale fishers, joint management and rights-based fisheries - Fisheries conflict management - MCS (patrol and maintenance). Extension unit for collective action, institutionalization of small fishermen, joint management and rights-based fishing 2.
Co-management and Community-based Management
On the other hand, community-based management can be seen as being about the ability of the community to carry out specific management activities such as research or the development of management plans. In this sense, community-based management is considered as a set of skills for local people to carry out the management activities instead of the government (Pomeroy, 2006).
Comparison between Co-management and Community-based Management
If community-based governance reflects the nature of the framework within which local people can participate in solving complex and interrelated issues affecting coastal communities, then questions would arise about who decides which people are a community, and questions with that these people face. On the one hand, we might think of legal empowerment as in resource management, but in community-based management, the empowerment of coastal communities and resource users is essential to gain access and control over coastal resource management.
The Case of Thanh Phong Commune, Thanh Phu District, Ben Tre Province
The road network in Thanh Phong Municipality has seriously deteriorated, while a road to the clam land is not present at all. About 80% of the population of Thanh Phong Municipality is engaged in fishing-related activities, 18% work in aquaculture and trade, and 5% in the service sector.
Conditions for Selecting Thanh Phong Commune
The core group included employees of the municipal People's Committee, police, farmers' and women's unions, border guards, leaders of fishing cooperatives and fishing fleets, and fishermen's representatives. The core group should be trained to strengthen their capabilities in areas such as planning, report writing and production/business management.
Need for Information and Assistance on Management
The Community-based Co-management Model in Thanh Phong Commune
However, in order to successfully build a co-management model, certain conditions for the near future, in addition to time and capacity, are necessary. Efforts are needed to help communities develop their strengths and existing potentials based on local resources.
Acknowledgements
However, the coral fragmentation method not only hurts the coral colonies, but also affects the ecology of the coral reefs, where large quantities of fragments are taken for restoration purposes. Since the reproduction method makes use of the gametes released by adult/parent corals (some release larvae depending on the species), problems with the coral fragmentation method could be avoided.
The Technical Development Project for Coral Propagation
Under natural conditions, coral colonies are exposed to oscillating flow from waves and tidal currents in seawater. Juvenile coral colonies born in June 2007 were transplanted to coral reefs in Okinotorishima in May 2008.
Discussion
Growth monitoring of coral colonies in Okinotorishima by the permanent square method (Source: Fisheries Agency of Japan). Survival of the 1-year juvenile coral colonies was very high as a result of this method of sexual reproduction.
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
To improve the fisheries sector's ability to address new international issues and for greater access to international trade. To increase the contribution of fisheries to food security and Asia's livelihood in the region.
