Who has held fast these six realms, what then is that One, in the form of the unborn?". The question before us is the nature of divine kingship in India. The king is identified with the ages the world must resemble Kali (iron age), Dvapara (Bronze Age), Treta (Silver Age), Krta (Golden Age).
In coronation ceremonies, much is said about the king sitting on a throne, fanned and facing a burning fire.
CHINESE CONCEPT OF SOVEREIGNTY
Kingship or leadership was therefore theoretically open to any man as all shared in the excellence of the cosmos. THE CONCEPT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN PRE-MODERN ASIA 99 Plan 4, 4 which set the model for the government of the nation. Confucianism, as used by the Japanese, served to strengthen the absolute powers of the king.
Traces of Chinese influence are seen in the low prestige of the army and the high social status of the scholar or mandarin.
KAUTILYA AND THE LEGALIST CONCEPT OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
For the legalists, strength is manifested in the king's fiat and its rigorous implementation. In both Kautilyan and legalistic thought, the king holds the power of life and death over his subjects. If someone in Kautilya thinks he is experienced in affairs of state, he seeks the king's favor through an influential friend.
As long as they yield to the rule of the king, then they must always be treated impartially.
ETERNAL DRYAD OF THE INDIAN FOREST
Everywhere in the Near East, the temple harlot was a regular part of the temple establishment. The relative position of the two sexes is reflected in the strong desire for male offspring. The following legend is said to be found in the Tantrics; tells about the origin of this cult.
Our effort has been only to get a glimpse of the woman—in the eternal dryad of the Indian forest.
RELIGIOUS UPRISING
The Cofradia then sent a request to the local parish priest, through the office of the benevolent vice-governor. Important reforms are necessary, but the issues must be seen only in the light of the public cause. SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE COFRADIA DE SAN JOSE 139 addressed the insurrection and suggested that the origin of the confraternity was.
And in these characteristics the Cofradia was in the tradition of the majority of uprisings, "religious" or otherwise, which preceded it.
ANITISM: A SURVEY OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS NATIVE TO THE PHILIPPINES
- INTRODUCTION
- ORIGIN OF PHILIPPINE RELIGION
- CHARACTERISTICS OF ANITISM
- TODAY'S CULTURAL MINORITIES
- INFLUENCES OF ANITISM ON CHRISTIANITY
Iti imatang dagiti immuna nga Espaniol a misionero, awan ti relihion dagiti "Indiano", kas maawatanda ti relihion ti aroiaas, ken dagiti dadduma pay a termino a nausar iti lokal para kadagiti espiritu dagiti natay.
The spirits of the dead were also occasionally involved in causing the death of the living from disease, so that the afflicted would join his ancestor in the spirit world. 44 In view of the fact that there is such a poor record of human sacrifice in the Philippines, it can be assumed that it was not a typical practice of the primitive Filipinos. 47 This was the first of the deities of the Philippine I>.lands encountered by the Spaniards.
It may be assumed that many of these beUefs are similar to the beliefs of the Lowlanders before they accepted a more organized religious system. One might even say that worship is an integral part of the mountaineers' social fabric. Perhaps the most interesting of the mountain peoples, and certainly the most studied, are the Ifugaos.
In fact, many of the deities of the Filipinos can ultimately be traced back to the first people of the tribe (Genotiva, op. cit., 66n). Knowledge among the Ifugao and its importance in the religious and social life of the tribe.''.
According to barrio people, a man desperately resorts to gapang when he fails to win the favor of the woman he is courting. They spread their fishing nets and then wait until they have collected enough fish while feeding on their bao 3 and drinking lambanog 4 on motorized bancas or on an island located somewhere in the heart of the lake. Gambling in the form of games such as black-jack, lucky nine, and mahjong, as well as barikan (social drinking) are also greatly enjoyed by barrio adults, keeping them away from home for the most part. great night.
The victim severely punishes the cornered sleeper and becomes the object of community ridicule. Health and sanitation~1 do not reach an ideal standard, as there is practically no sanitary sewerage and drainage system. Masculinity in this context can be defined as a man's ability to gain the affection of the woman he is courting by any means possible, legal or otherwise.
GAPANG; 161 Moreover, there are other and more easily institutionalized ways of satisfying the need for sexual pleasure in this community. Night work ends at about two in the morning or just before life. The day begins with the fishermen's slow walk to the shore of the lake. When the matter was further investigated, she found out through: one of the daughters of the old man and the first woman that this marriage had come about as a result of the behavior of the woman. frequent visits from the old man in the house where he used to live alone.
It should be pointed out that a full separation between husband and wife is not always the result of the discovery of an illicit affair of one of the spouses. Sometimes the incompatibility of personality and the inability of a person to tolerate certain qualities of the marriage partner come into the picture.
PEASANT SOCIETY AND UNREST PRIOR TO THE HUK REVOLUTION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Then the tenant would plant palay and give the owner about 50% of the produce. His land comprised the lion's share of the entire area and a large number of people who lived there were his tenants. This meant not only less personal attention, but also less concern for the tenants' well-being.
As an indication of the desperation and scarcity, older residents of San Ricardo point to the use of pulot. These steps were not necessarily followed in the same order in all parts of the central plains of Luzon. But again as an illustration many in the Tangulans were later among the ranks of the Sakdalista.17.
In terms of the planning and organization of the revolution, the Sakdalista uprising was the most impressive of the four. In San Fernando, Angeles and Mexico, three of the province's largest municipalities, the Socialists won all seats on the councilors. 91 Guillermo Capadocia, History of the Peasant and L:~bor Movement in the Philippines, [no date], 28 pp.
In the provinces, the landowners and others of the upper class had a virtual monopoly on economic and political power. Francisco Nemenzo, Jr., The Land for the Landless Program in the Philippine Government, MA thesis, University of the Philippines, 1959. The Huk-PKP revolution was strongest in the areas of the former Hukbalahap and the areas of greatest rural unrest before the Second World War.
However, the Communist pl!rtY of the Philippines was also important in the revolution, though not always coinciding with the Huks (or more correctly, the Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayanj People's Liberation Army/).
THE POLITICAL STYLE AND THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS IN INDONESIA AND THE PHILIPPINES
The other side of the argument, of course, is that the “ideological” nature of Indonesian politics is responsible for the “immobilism” that resulted in the decline of constitutional democracy. Until the early twentieth century, most native administrators in Indonesia came from the upper prijaji class. The exclusivity of the recruitment from the former elite class was a result of the education policy of the Dutch authorities.
The Dutch government developed an interest in education for Indonesians around the middle of the 19th century. Property qualifications for suffrage in the early American administration also ensured the continued dominance of the lands. Such an "agreement" between the leaders and followers also contributed to the continued dominance of traditional celitism.
So the economic basis of the political power of the traditional elite and tolerance. They claimed popular support for early Sarekat Islam, whose greatest growth was in the countryside (especially East Java). In almost any other country in the general region of Southeast Asia, the failure of politicians to provide effective solutions to the nation's problems would have resulted.
It is the general absence among the population of the need to derive religious satisfaction from political life. This seems to be the position and role of the administrative leaders under De Gaulle's Fifth Republic in France.
A FILIPINO NATIONALIST
But his deportation only served to arouse in him more strongly the desire to free the Philippines from the clutches of the American government. To his disappointment, the first president of the Republic replied that he did not want to participate in the revolution. Embodied in this pu.m flet was the scheme of government that Ricarte planned to establish in the Philippines with the overthrow of the American government.
Furthermore, to Sakay's dismay, Ricarte appointed Tolentino dictator of the Gobierno Triunvirato Dictatorial. The agent instead took him to the office of the General Collector of Customs, Colonel. The Supreme Government of the Rizaline Republic will consist of Three Powers, namely: 29.
Seaver, chief of police of the city of Manila, the insurrectos were to assemble at Delgado; Sub-Commander of the Manila Zone, with emblem of the Revolutionary Army - in the Philippines. Meanwhile, with the outbreak of the First World War, the British became suspicious of the political exiles in Hong Kong.
He fought the Japanese because he sincerely believed that the Philippines would secure her independence with the help of the J ananese. ISRAEL - who is also a faculty member at the Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines MARIA PILAR S.
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