• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Easterly, W. 2007. Inequality does Cause Underdevelopment: Insights from a New Instrument. Journal of Development Economics. 84(2): 755-776.

Elepu, G. and Nalukenge, I. 2009. Contract Farming, Smallholders and

Commercialization of Agriculture in Uganda: The Case of Sorghum, Sunflower, and Rice Contract Farming Schemes. Berkeley, CA: Center of Evaluation for Global Action, University of California.

Engvall, Anders. 2006. Ethnic Minorities and Rural Poverty in Lao PDR.

Stockholm, Sweden: Stockholm School of Economics.

Erikson. G. 2011. Contract Farming and Organic Rice Production in Laos - a Transformation Analysis. Huddinge, Sweden: Södertörns Högskola Institutionen för Nationalekonomi.

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2012. Contract Farming Handbook: A Practical Guide for Linking Small-Scale

Producers and Buyers Through Business Model Innovation. Germany:

GIZ.

Fullbrook, D. 2007. Contract Farming in Lao PDR: Cases and Questions. Lao:

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Lao PDR.

Glover, D. J. 1987. Increasing the Benefits to Smallholders from Contract Farming:

Problems for Farmers' Organizations and Policy Makers. World Development. 15(4): 441-448.

Gujarati, D. N. 2004. Basic Econometrics. Boston Burr Ridge, IL: McGrew-Hill.

Guo, H. and Jolly, R. W. 2009. Contract Farming in China: Perspectives of Smallholders. In International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference August 16-22, 2009. Beijing: International Association of Agriculture Economists.

Hamitton, N. D. 2008. Agricultural Contracting: A U.S. Perspective and Issues for India to Consider. New Delhi, India: A Resource Book.

Haberecht, S. 2009. From Rice to Rubber. Development, Transition, and Foreign Investment in Northern Laos, an Actor-Oriented Approach. Diploma thesis, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld.

Hausman, J. A. 1978. Specification Tests in Econometrics. Econometrica. 46(6):

1251–1271.

Imbruce, V. 2008. The Production Relations of Contract Farming in Honduras. Geo Journal. 73(1): 67-82.

International Institute for Sustainable Development. 2012. Business Models for Foreign Investment in Agriculture in Laos. Retrieved July 23, 2016 from http://www.iisd.org/tkn

Kamiya, Y. 2011. Socioeconomic Determinants of Nutritional Status of Children in Lao PDR: Effects of Household and Community Factors. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 29(4): 339-348.

Key, N. and Runsten, D. 1999. Contract Farming, Smallholders, and Rural Development in Latin America: The Organization of Agro Processing Firms and the Scale of Out grower Production. World Development.

27(2): 381-401.

Krugman, P. R; Obstfeld, Maurice and Melitz, Marc J. 2008. International

Economics: Theory and Policy. 8th ed. India: Pearson Education India.

Labor Statistics Bureau of Lao PDR. 2013. Lao Statistics Year Book 2013.

Retrieved June 10, 2015 from http://www.lsb.gov.la/Yearbook.php

Lao Statistics Bureau of Lao PDR. 2014. Lao Statistics Year Book 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2015 from http://www.lsb.gov.la/Yearbook.php

Lao National Assembly. 2015. Law on The Promotion of Foreign Investment.

Retrieved January 20, 2016 from http:// www.invest.laopdr.org/

investlaw04.pdf

Lazar, M. K. 2009. Rubber Production in Northern Laos: Geographies of Growth and Contractual Diversity. Vientiane: National University of Laos.

Mighell, R. L. and Jones, L. A. 1963. Vertical Coordination in Agriculture.

Washing, D.C. : Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Miyata, S.; Minot, N. and Hu, D. 2009. Impact of Contract Farming on Income:

Linking Small Farmers, Packets, and Supermarkets in China. World Development. 37(11): 1728–1741.

Mwaura, F. and Muku, O. 2007. Tea Farming Enterprise Contribution to

Smallholders’ Well Being in Kenya. In AAAE Conference Proceedings 2007. Accra, Ghana: Africa Association of Agriculture Economists. Pp.

307-373.

Narayanan, S. 2014. Profits from Participation in High Value Agriculture: Evidence of Heterogeneous Benefits in Contract Farming Schemes in Southern India. Food Policy. 44(February): 142-157.

National Assembly of Lao PDR. 2015. The National Report for Poverty

Reduction in Lao PDR 2012. Vientiane Laos: The National Assembly in Lao PDR.

The Northern Rural Infrastructure. 2011. Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Project 2011. Retrieved August 12, 2015 from http://

www.nri-lao.org

The Northern Rural Infrastructure. 2013. Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Project 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2015 from http://

www.nri-lao.org

Patrick, I. 2004. Contract Farming in Indonesia: Smallholders and Agribusiness Working Together. Canberra, Australia: Australian Centre International Agricultural Research.

Phomvixay, Phaythoune. Director of the Northern Rural Infrastructure Development Sector Project. 2016 (12 February). Interview.

Phommachak, Soulivanh. Provincial Staff at Phongsaly province. 2016 (23 October).

Interviewer.

Phoumanivong, S. and Ayuwat, D. 2013. The Impacts of Contract Farming on Rural Farm Households, Lao PDR. In International Conference on

Information and Social Science September 24-26, 2013, Nagoya.

Nagoya, Japan: Graduation School and Information Science, Nagoya University.

Prowse, M. 2012. Contract Faming in Developing Countries - A Review.

Antwerpen, Belgium: Institution of Development Policy and Management, University of Antwerp.

Rao, E. J. O. and Qaim, M. 2011. Supermarkets, Farm Household Income, and Poverty: Insights from Kenya. World Development. 39(5): 784–796.

Rehber, E. 2007. Contract Farming: Theory and Practice. Hyderabad, India:

ICFAI University Press.

Sáenz-Segura, F. 2006. Contract Farming in Costa Rica: Opportunities for Smallholders?. Wageningen: Wageningen University.

Schipmann, C. and Qaim, M. 2011. Supply Chain Differentiation, Contract Agriculture, and Farmers’ Marketing Preferences: the Case of Sweet Pepper in Thailand. Food Policy. 36(5): 667-677.

Sharma, N. and Singh, S. P. 2014. Agricultural Diversification in Indian Punjab: An Assessment of Government Intervention Through Contract

Farming. Journal of Agricultural and Food Information. 15(3): 191- 213.

Semykina, A. and Wooldridge, J. M. 2013. Estimation of Dynamic Panel Data Models with Sample Selection. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 28(1):

47-61.

Sengkhamyong, Palisak. Provincial Staff at Bokeo province. 2016(15 November).

Interviewer.

Setboonsarng, S.; Leung, P. and Stefan, A. 2006. Rice Contract Farming in Lao PDR: Moving from Subsistence to Commercial Agriculture. Tokyo:

Asian Development Bank Institute, Tokyo.

Sodarak, H. 1999. Shifting Cultivation Practice by Hmong, Khamu and Lao Ethnic Categories in the Nam Nane Watershed, Nane District, Lao PDR. Uppsala, Sweden: Department of Rural Development Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

Singh, S. 2002. Contracting Out Solutions: Political Economy of Contract Farming in the Indian Punjab. World Development. 30(9): 1621–1638.

Strickland, J. and Strickland, D. L. 1996. Barriers to Preventive Health Services for Minority Households in the Rural South. The Journal of Rural

Health. 12(3): 206-217.

Tionco, M. M.; Lapar, M. L. A.; Jabbar, M. A. and Staal, S. J. 2009. is Contract Farming Really Pro-Poor? Empirical Evidence from Northern Vietnam. In Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Beijing, China, August 16-22, 2009. Retrieved July 20, 2015 from http://www.

researchgate.net/publication/228537711

Tuan, N. P. 2012. Governance, Institutional, and Pro-Poor Analysis of Cassava Contract Farming in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development. 9(2): 47-63.

Vande Velde, K. and Maertens, M. 2014. Impact of Contract-Farming in Staple Food Chains: the Case of Rice in Benin. In 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014. Ljubljana, Slovenia: European Association of Agricultural Economists.

Veingvilai, Pothisak. Provincial Staff at Luangnamtha Province. 2016 (15 November). Interviewer.

Vixathep, Souksavanh; Onphanhdala, Phanhpakit and Phomvixay, Phaythoune. 2013.

Land Distribution and Rice Sufficiency. Kobe: Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies.

Wainaina, P.W.; Okello, J. J. and Nzuma, J. 2012. Impact of Contract Farming on Smaller holder Poultry Farming’ Income in Kenya. In International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) Triennial Conference, Foz do lguacu, Brizill 18-24 August, 2012. Nairobi, Kenya: Department of Agriculture Economics, University of Nairobi.

Warr, Peter. 2006. Roads and Poverty in Rural Laos. Canberra, Australia:

Division of Economics, Australian National University.

Warning, M. and Key, N. 2002. The Social Performance and Distributional Consequences of Contract Farming: an Equilibrium Analysis of the Arachide De Bouche Program in Senegal. World Development. 30(2):

255–263.

World Bank. 2016. World Development Indicators. Retrieved October 20, 2016 from http://data.worldbank.org/country/lao-pdr