Chapter VII Conclusion, Discussion and Suggestions
7.1 Conclusion
In this study It has three objectives which are :1. To investigate the Musical characteristic of “Da Ge” of Dong nationality in Sanjiang, Liuzhou, China.2. To analyze the Transmission process of “Da Ge” of Dong nationality in Sanjiang, Liuzhou, China.3. To guidelines to improve the Transmission process of “Da Ge” of Dong nationality in Sanjiang, Liuzhou, China
Using the method of collecting field data and document data the results of the study can be summarized as follows:
7.1.1 Summary of study results according to objective number 1
Da Ge of the Dong nationality are very rare multi-voice, unconducted, a cappella folk chorus music in the world.
The types of Da Ge in Sanjiang County include Gu Lou Da Ge, voice Da Ge, ritual Da Ge, narrative Da Ge, children's Da Ge and opera Da Ge. The form structure has its own national characteristics, which consists of three parts: "Qit duns”,“Gens dos”,“Ladx huoh”. In terms of melody, the harmonic intervals produced unconsciously by the high and low voices mainly include major and minor thirds and pure ones, pure fourths and perfect fifths, major second and minor seventh as supplement other intervals are rarely present or absent;
Dong Da Ge is a multi-voice folk song dominated by pentatonic mode. It is an independent, complete and self-contained pentatonic voice system. Most of its singing tones are dominated by natural pentatonic “Yu” mode.
The beat forms of the Dong nationality dynamism include free beat, mixed beat and regular beat. The generation and changes of these three beats reflect the development process of Da Ge from one level. The lyrics of the Dong nationality Da Ge closely integrated with the local humanistic background, language tones and singing habits of the Dong nationality. Sentence patterns such as five-character, seven-character, and miscellaneous characters together constitute a systematic sentence structure.
133 From the analysis in the fourth chapter, we can see that the musical forms of the Dong nationality songs all show a high degree of "harmony", which fully embodies the philosophical concept of harmonious coexistence and common development between man and nature. It is the historical accumulation gradually formed by the Dong people in the specific human environment and natural ecological environment.
7.1.2 Summary of study results according to objective number 2
Through the national member (individual or other) is how to build according to their own cultural tradition, use, dissemination, and developing the music of the investigation and interviews, sanjiang county Da Ge is divided into the traditional transmission: master and apprentice transmission, family transmission, community transmission; and modern transmission:
cultural and artistic performance transmission, school education transmission.
Master and apprentice transmission is the transmission of Da Ge taught by Ge Shi.
Family transmission refers to the transmission from one generation to the next in a family.
Community transmission is mainly reflected in a kind of art sharing and ritual influence.
The transmission of cultural and artistic performances is a new way of dissemination after Da Ge of the Dong nationality go out of the community and face the market.
For Sanjiang people, the transmission of "school education" is a concept other than rural life and traditional culture, and it is also a necessary place for the acquisition of modern mainstream cultural knowledge.
From traditional master-apprentice transmission, family transmission, community transmission to emerging school education transmission, cultural and artistic performance transmission, the transmission of Dong nationality Da Ge presents a diversified and complex trend. From the perspective of cultural exchange and dissemination of the Dong nationality, both the transmission of school education and the transmission of cultural and artistic performances are inevitable products under the new transmission background. It is impossible for a national culture to exist in isolation in an artificially delineated circle, and it is unrealistic to cut off its connection with the times and society, and it is also a cultural regress. How to avoid the negative effects of the new inheritance method on the Dong nationality Da Ge, the most important point is that the folk music essence of the Dong nationality Da Ge should not be changed.
134 7.1.3 Summary of study results according to objective number 3
Researchers study from the perspective of historical musicology, discussing the diversification of the cultural life of the Dong nationality and the changes in the social structure.
The current transmission and protection of the Dong nationality’s Da Ge is actually not optimistic. Learned in the interview: In the main areas where Da Ge of the Dong ethnic group are spread, there are less than one hundred singers who can sing more than one hundred Da Ge. As the singers age, many Da Ge are being lost. However, the younger generation mostly went out to work, and gradually became separated from their own national culture and even language, and fewer and fewer people learned Dong songs and sang Dong songs. Young people who can sing Dong songs are nothing but fur. Sanjiang has 18 inheritors of Dong nationality Da Ge, including 2 national-level inheritors, 4 autonomous region-level inheritors, 3 municipal-level inheritors, and 9 county-level inheritors. As the old singers are getting old, young singers have not grown up, and the phenomenon of the fault of singers has caused people to worry about the future of Da Ge of the Dong nationality. Mainly manifested as:
(1) The Fault of the Transmission Structure of the Dong Nationality Da Ge.
(2) Decline of social function.
(3) The phenomenon of over-commercialization of Da Ge of the Dong nationality.
The reason is:
(1) Changes in entertainment methods and values
(2) The spatial changes of Da Ge of the Dong nationality are mainly manifested as① changes in the singing scenes of Da Ge; ②changes in the singing content; ③changes in the singing form; ④changes in the singers.
(3) The destruction of the ecological space of Da Ge
There are some principles that need to be followed in the process of implementing the preservation of Dong nationality Da Ge:
(1) Systematic preservation principle.
(2) Principle of authenticity preservation.
(3) Scientific preservation principle.
(4) Innovation principles of preservation
135 The ultimate goal of the preservation of Da Ge is to make it continue to develop.
Therefore, to solve the problem of the development of Da Ge, we should focus on these three factors.
(1) Constructing the cultural industry of the Dong nationality, guaranteeing and cultivating relevant talents.
(2) Intensify publicity and expand audiences.
(3) Consolidate the transmission mode of Da Ge in schools.