CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.4 Interviewees
When selecting interviewees in qualitative research, we should conduct targeted sampling according to the research needs to determine the best person to find the research goal.
The criteria for selection are: do subjects have the knowledge and information needed by the researcher? Can they be found at their place of work? How active are the respondents in providing information? Are respondents able to convey information freely and accurately?
The purpose of this study is to explore how the original intention of those entrepreneurs who are keen on charity is formed under China's special national conditions, and how their original intention of charity promotes the development of the company. The answer can be obtained through comparative study. Therefore, the interviewees in this study are entrepreneurs who are interested in charity and those who are not.
Hambrick and Mason (1984) believe that executives are the actual decision- makers of corporate philanthropy, and the characteristics of senior executives are bound to affect corporate philanthropy. In other words, the engagement of the companies in philanthropic activities stems from the opinions of corporate executives on philanthropy. Therefore, the researcher considers that the respondents should firstly take company executives.
Second, when selecting these executives, the researcher considered the differences among them: region, gender, age, whether they held social posts, whether they won personal honors, whether they were members of the Communist Party of
China (CPC), their positions in the company, the size of the company and the industry involved as well as the scale, way and frequency of their philanthropic activities, etc.
to get more accurate research.
Thirdly, in the in-depth interview, how many interviewees are needed to construct the new theory? The sample size of interviewees has to be confirmed according to the Theoretical saturation principle. When researchers find that the information acquired in the interview starts to repeat and no new and important topics appear, the information can be considered as saturated and it is no longer necessary to continue the interview (Sun, 2011).
Strauss and Corbin (1997) also believe that by continuously analyzing, summarizing, comparing, and summarizing the interview data to determine that there are no new categories and structural relationships, and thus confirming that the theory has reached saturation, the further collection of data can be stopped.
Wang (2018) believes that to be on the safe side, researchers can continue to interview one or more interviewees. If it is confirmed that no new information is available, the investigation may be terminated.
Therefore, when sufficient data reached theoretical saturation, the researcher further interviewed 3 business executives from different regions, including 2 entrepreneurs who were keen on charity and 1 entrepreneur who did not do charity (In the previous interview, it was found that entrepreneurs of Type Y had more attributes than entrepreneurs of Type N, so in order to avoid omissions, the researcher interviewed more entrepreneurs of charity).
Therefore, the interviewees of this study are 16 entrepreneurs who are keen on charity and 11 entrepreneurs who are not.
To protect the privacy of interviewees, the code is used instead of their names.
The research object list is as follows:
80 Table 3.1 List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
Y1 Red Cross
Society of China
Large Vice President ＞40 years Head of Leading Group of CPPRPD, council member of the COAFFC
The first public official of Chinese mainland visiting Taiwan, Top Ten News Figures of China, etc.
He donates every year. He donates immediately as soon as a disaster hits in any area of the country.
Beijing 82 Yes Male
Y2 Jianchuan
Museum
Large Curator 30 years Member of
Standing Committee of Sichuan CPPCC, deputy secretary- general of SHCRWJA, former deputy mayor of Yibin City
Hundred Outstanding Private Entrepreneurs in 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up, Excellent Builder of SCC of the Fifth NPSE
"In order to retain the memory of the nation", he donated all his family property for philanthropy
Yibin 63 Yes Male
Y3 Gree Electric Appliances
Large chairman 20 years Deputy to the National
The World’s Top 50 Most Influential
She donates irregularly every
Nanjing 66 CDNCA Female
81
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
Inc. People’s
Congress
Women, the fourth of Forbes Powerful Asian Businesswomen, etc.
year to provide poverty-stricken college students nationwide with
"no upper limit"
funding
assistance；Every major natural disaster will take the lead in making donations and appeal to company employees to donate together;
Y4 Culture and
Sports Large chairman
>10years
Boxing king World champion gold belt
He donates from time to time every year, mainly to support poor college students across the country;
Shen zhen
43 Not Male
Y5 Yingke Large Partner in
China, Director of
17years Core member of
"Intellectuals
City charity figures He participated in the charity organization under
Kaifeng 49 Democra tic Party
Male
82
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
Public Welfare Committee
Association" the tie of the
deputy mayor, and made regular and targeted donations every year; and took the initiative to lead the company's employees into the community to help the poor;
individuals insisted on making donations every year for up to 17 years;
Y6 Nu Skin
Cosmetics
Large chairman >10years Training Lecturer of GAGNER Business School
GAGNER outstanding agent
He leads the company's employees to make regular donations every year, mainly to support people in poor areas, not
Hebei 41 Yes Male
83
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
only in China, but also abroad;
Y7 Livelihood
Insurance
Large chairman >20years Member of Ciyin Organization Association, member of Buddhist Association
Outstanding leader in organization development in the province
She participates in Buddhist
organizations and municipal charitable organizations, makes regular donations every year, and
cooperates with the government to regularly go to schools for the deaf and mute to help disabled children;
Hefei 57 Not Female
Y8 Technology
Software
Large General manager
>10years Deputy Secretary of Jiangzhou Chamber of
Advanced Individual of Jiangzhou Municipal Party Committee
He joined the Fuzhou charity organization and followed the
Fujian 42 Yes Male
84
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
Commerce, Jiangzhou Youth Committee
organization to make regular donations every year, mainly to help people in poverty-stricken areas and send them daily necessities;
Y9 Spanish
winery
Medium scale
chairman >30years Deputy to the National People’s Congress
“Good people in china” Anytime, anywhere, as long as he meets someone in need, he will lend a helping hand.
Many people came to ask him for help, he will help if he can
Xuzhou 58 Not Male
Y10 Clothing, robot research and
development
Medium scale
chairman >10years Vice President of District Party Association
District Party
Committee Association Advanced Individual
He participated in charitable organizations and actively donated.
Changc hun
44 Yes Male
85
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
He is a leader of the group and provides timely assistance to people in need from all over the country from time to time; there are various ways to donate, including donations in kind and money;
Y11 Calligraphy and painting art
small chairman >20years Director of Hunan Literature and Art Volunteer Association
Famous writer of Hunan Writer Network
She is one of the leaders of charitable organizations.
Every year, she walks into the homes of impoverished elderly people, sends them daily necessities, and
Enshi 61 Yes Female
86
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
uses the power of media to call on many people to make charitable donations;
Y12 art education small chairman >10years Charity promoter
“Good people in Xuzhou”
She donates regularly every year to help the disabled children and poor households in this city;
Shan dong
42 Yes Female
Y13 Fashion
Company
small chairman >15years Director of District Neighborhood Committee
Charity star team leader
He donates from time to time every year. He is a leader of charitable organizations. He donates in various ways, including money, materials and helping fruit farmers sell goods
Chang zhou
48 Yes Male
87
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
Y14 software company
small chairman >10years Member of City Charity Association
Inspirational people in the city
He participated in a charity organization and made regular donations every year. The main target of assistance is the disabled, such as accepting them as company employees and teaching them survival skills and technological expertise;
Henan 45 Yes Male
Y15
"Goat's Milk"
Food
Large chairman .>20 years President of Luoyang Charity Association
City public welfare charity advanced representative
He holds a large- scale charity event in Luoyang every year to bring all employees and people from all sessions of the company to raise
Luo yamg
43 Not Male
88
List of Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code
Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor Donations Region Age CPC member
Gender
donations; to provide scholarships for poor children;
Y16 Homestay
Tourism
small chairman 8 years Part-time
Deputy Minister of the
Development Department of Nanjing Women’s Federation, President of Nanjing Pukou District Homestay Industry Association
Representative of Jiangsu Provincial Women's Congress
Undertake many natural education classes in primary and secondary schools in Nanjing and surrounding cities, promote the development of the district’s homestay and tourism industry, and help rural development
Shang hai
38 Not Female
*Note: CPPRPD=China Promotion Program for Reduction of Poverty and Disease, COAFFC= Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries,
89 CPPCC= Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,
SHCRWJA=Society of History of China’s Resistance War against Japanese Aggression, SCC=Socialism with Chinese Characteristics,
NPSE=National Private Sector Entrepreneurs,
CDNCA=China Democratic National Construction Association
Table 3.2 List of Non-Charitable Entrepreneurs
Name code Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor
Region Age CPC
member
Gender
N1 "Tom's House"
Early Childhood Education
small Chairman 8 years Editor and reporter of Yangzhou Daily
Outstanding Media Person in Yangzhou
Yangzhou 43 Yes Male
N2 Beauty
salons small General
manager
22 years
No No Anhui 35 Not Male
N3 Medical
treatment small Chairman
11 years
No
The first podiatry clinic in the
Yancheng 43 Yes Male
90
Name code Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor
Region Age CPC
member
Gender
country
N4 Health
products
small
Chairman >20 years
No No Hunan 42 Not Male
N5 Machinery
Company small General
manager
10 years
Director
Outstanding young backbone
Pizhou 30 Yes Male
N6
Vatican Department Store
Medium
scale Dealer
16 years
No Excellent
agent Heze 31 Not Female
N7
Foreign trade companies and health shops
small Chairman
>10 years
No No Hubei 44 Not Male
N8 Education
and training small Chairman >15 years
No No Zhejiang 43 Not Male
N9 Culture
Media
Medium scale
Chairman >10 years Event planners of China Jingdezhen
No Linchuan 53 Yes Male
91
Name code Industry Corporate scale
Corporate post
Duration in the post
Social post Personal honor
Region Age CPC
member
Gender
ceramics, tea-making wares, and hundreds of forums
N10 Sound
media culture
Medium scale
Chairman 7 years No No Jiujiang 31 Not Male
N11 "Donghui"
Technology Co., Ltd
small Chairman >10years No No Zunyi 44 Not Male
Note: Political identity refers to the positions held by individual entrepreneurs in government departments.