RESEARCH FINDINGS
4.2 Results on Analysis of Fundamental Statistics on Observed Variables Used in the Study
who export to the U.S.A., 29 people or 12.90 percent, who export to Europe, 28 people or 12.50 percent, who export to China, 26 people or 11.60 percent, who export to Japan, 12 people or 5.40 percent, who export to the Middle East, 11 people or 4.90 percent, who export to Australia and New Zealand, 10 people or 4.50 percent, who export to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV), and the least, two people or 0.90 percent, who export to South Africa and two people or 0.90 percent, who export to Nigeria.
4.2 Results on Analysis of Fundamental Statistics on Observed Variables
Table 4.11 (Continued)
Observed Variables
x
S.D.Entrepreneurial Orientation
Innovativeness 5.73 2.00
1. During 1-3 years, your business has offered
new products or services 5.68 2.32
2. Product or service development of your business can meet market demand keeping up with
situational changes 6.02 2.02
3. Most of the time your business can offer new
products, services, or production techniques 5.50 2.14
Proactiveness 6.30 2.15
1. Your business often seeks new export opportunities 6.37 2.25 2. Your business focuses on R&D, leadership in
Technology, and innovation for a competitive
advantage on adopting foreign markets 6.25 2.26
Risk Taking 5.04 1.97
1. Your business takes risk on spending available resources
for investment of untapped export markets 5.09 2.16 2. Your business takes risk on making prompt
changes toward reaching objectives 5.22 2.07 3. Your business has a venturesome strategy 4.81 2.13 Internal Export Barriers
Informational Barriers 4.75 2.24
1. Problematic international market data 5.02 2.35 2. Limited information to locate/analyze markets 4.66 2.51 3. Identifying foreign business opportunities
Resource Barriers 4.57 2.42
Resource Barriers 4.75 1.92
1. Inadequate/untrained personnel for exporting 4.80 2.69
Table 4.11 (Continued)
Observed Variables
x
S.D.2. Lack of skillful workforce for production 4.70 2.34 3. Lack of excess production capacity for exporters 4.24 2.14 4. Shortage of working capital to finance exporters 5.31 2.59
Marketing Barriers 5.48 1.57
1. Meeting export packaging/labeling requirements 5.76 2.14 2. Difficulty in offering satisfactory prices to
overseas customers 5.78 2.12
3. Difficulty in accessing export distribution
channels 5.30 2.14
4. Excessive transportation/insurance costs 6.49 2.18 5. Adjusting export promotional activities 5.01 2.13 6. Lack of business alliances and network of
export enterprises 4.58 2.31
External Export Barriers
Procedural Barriers 4.73 2.14
1. Lack of knowledge/difficulty withexport procedures 5.16 2.49 2. Unfamiliarity with exporting procedures/paper work 5.24 2.61 3. Problematic communication with overseas customers 3.83 2.29
Home Governmental Barriers 5.55 1.98
1. Lack of home government assistance/incentives 4.89 2.44 2. Unfavorable home laws, rules, and regulations 6.04 2.30
3. Lack of confidence from overseas markets
due to domestic political and social problems 5.73 2.48
Customers and Competitors Barriers 5.53 1.88
1. Different foreign customer habits/attitudes 4.93 2.33 2. Competition in similar product from a country
with lower production costs 6.13 2.13
Table 4.11 (Continued)
Observed Variables
x
S.D.External Environment Barriers 5.55 1.54
1. Poor/deteriorating economic conditions 5.86 2.16 2. Political instability in foreign markets 5.60 2.17 3. High tariff and nontariff barriers 5.74 2.11 4. Foreign currency exchange risks 6.11 2.13 5. Different language and sociocultural traits 4.46 2.05
Interpretation of mean and standard deviation (S.D.) for each answer employs the Best and Kahn (1993) criteria, as follows.
Mean score of 4.51–5.00 represents the highest level Mean score of 3.51–4.50 represents a high level Mean score of 2.51–3.50 represents a medium level Mean score of 1.51–2.50 represents a low level Mean score of 1.00–1.50 represents the lowest level
1) Observed variable of organization export performance is composed of two variables: financial performance and non-financial performance. The findings indicate a mean of 6.11-7.23, with non-financial performance having the highest level (
x
=7.23), followed by financial performance (x
=6.11). This shows that the mean of organizations overall export performance for both financial performance and non- financial performance is high.Standard deviation is used to consider the score dispersion, which is between 1.66 and 1.67, for all data. This indicates low dispersal, meaning that the majority of the samples have similar financial performance and non-financial performance since the dispersion is not much different.
2) Observed variable of entrepreneurial orientation consists of three variables: innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking. The findings indicate a mean of 5.04-6.30, with proactiveness having the highest level (
x
= 6.30), followed byinnovativeness of (
x
=5.73) and risk taking (x
=5.04). This shows that the mean of organizations overall entrepreneurial orientation with respect to innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking is high.Standard deviation is used to consider the score dispersion, which is between 1.97 and 2.15, for all data. This indicates low dispersal, meaning that the majority of samples have similar innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking since the dispersion is not much different.
3) Observed variable of internal export barriers reduction comprises three variables: informational barriers, resource barriers, and marketing barriers. The findings indicate a mean of 4.75–5.48, with marketing barriers having the highest level (
x
=5.48), followed by resource barriers and informational barriers (x
=4.75).This shows that the mean of organizations overall internal export barriers with respect to informational barriers, resource barriers, and marketing barriers is high.
Standard deviation is used to consider the score dispersion, which is between 1.57 and 2.69, for all data. This indicates low dispersal, meaning that the majority of samples have similar informational barriers, resource barriers, and marketing barriers since the dispersion is not much different.
4) Observed variable of external export barriers reduction contains four variables: procedural barriers, home governmental barriers, customers and competitors barriers, and external environment barriers. The findings indicate a mean of 4.73–
5.55, with home governmental barriers, customers and competitors barriers, and external environment barriers having the highest level (
x
=5.55), followed by procedural barriers (x
=.73). This shows that the mean of organizations overall external export barriers with respect to procedural barriers, home governmental barriers, customers and competitors barriers, and external environment barriers is high.Standard deviation is used to consider the score dispersion, which is between 1.54 and 2.14, for all data. This indicates low dispersal, meaning that the majority of samples have similar procedural barriers, home governmental barriers, customers and competitors barriers, and external environment barriers since the dispersion is not much different.