: !"
#$%&&'""&" '.).2543 : ." '""
: $ !!)"/#
: '.). 2551
1 '.".." '.). 2543 2 /")3 5 /4 "!5&")67
" &3"1 !" #$%&&'""&
" '.). 2543 '1 )67 !"
#$%&&'""&" '.). 2543 55&")67"
!2 )67 !%"8)!9'
"/:& ' !&";" %"8<!97"
<!1 !'"%"8"'&"=>/""
%""/"/:& " #$%&&
'.".." '. ). 2543 5%3" """&31 !32"
")67"3&"#'"#" %33/?
') !#!33 30 - 40 /4&3/?!""1!3/"%"$=
"3 10 /4 "!2 B !&3 1 30,000 D 50,000 3! % /?" '23 100 %33/?.#""" !"
#$%&"1 " &%"")675& "
/"&"%""1!3 " #$%& 3 3%"8"651 "
!&";"6555!%"8 ""/E !
" "2 8&&&";"'"5/:&"1 !97"!'&"="/:&2 " %65%"8/"!#&=
>/""%""/"!%"8>/""1 F " "
% " "! 65
")67"1 !"""&31 "
/1 ""/?"' ""1 "/ !/"1
&";""1<!&3 F !" &381/?
"' 9""1 33!"" '"52
%""/""%" "1 "
"""%&"23&3%8 "G5G"
""&"; ! " "3!"!%9
!32"&"")67' & !" #$%&&
'""&" '.).2543 /""#3&!365")67
&1 65
: " #$%&&'""&" '.).2543
Research Title : Opinion and Understanding of Bookkeepers on Qualifications Specification under Accounting Act, B.E.2543
Name of Researcher : Mrs. Tharawan Petcharoen
Name of Institution : Faculty of Accounting, Sripatum University Year of Publication : B.E. 2550
ABSTRACT
As the Accounting Act, B.E.2543 has been declared 5 years, the objective of the research is to (1)study the affects in specification of bookkeepersl qualifications under the Accounting Act B.E.2543, (2) study bookkeepersl opinion and understanding on specification of qualifications under Accounting Act, B.E.2543,(3) study whether the bookkeepers ability and efficiency to performance the professional accounting career according to Thai Accounting Standard, (4)study how well they apply taxation and other law implicated accounting profession, (5) study the use of computers and software packages for accounting and (6) study how the Accounting Act, B.E.2543 affect the Continuing Professional Development (CPD).
The results were found that the bookkeepers in Bangkok and Nonthaburi provinces mostly are female and they are 30 to 40 years old. They have more than 10 years work experience at the management level. Most companies have less than 100 employees in a service business. They agreed with a specification of qualifications that the bookkeepers must have at least a Bachelor Degree in Accounting. A specification of qualifications of quality makes the bookkeepers increased their ability in accounting area in order to present a financial statement under the Thai Accounting Standard, so that they can manage taxation and other law implicated accounting profession and have ability to use the computer and the software packages for accounting. Moreover, they can also use the software programs on a computer to work faster than before. In the other hand, they think that the bookkeepers waste their time and spend more money for
the training. The bookkeepers suggested the accounting courses should be conducted differently and have the same standard. Entrepreneurs should also realize the importance of accounting. The annual fee for entering to Federation of Account Profession is quite high, so its fee should be reduced.
However, the number of subjects should be larger and are from different areas for the future research on qualifications specification.
Key word : Qualifications Specification under Accounting Act, B.E.2543
>>???@>A
!B52 "#"=!vw!%"8 2 %"#3 ! 55!#$ "."'" '#!9"$= '# ." !!)"/#
>%5#$3"! #$3!)%&""!=!9"$=
/" "= $ $ #$$"!= $#3 /?
/?" '"5/"67"1 &
#$ ")%&""!= "./'x7= #&% G6 2 "#$"/? /"67
>""!B5 2 3!1/?!3 /"675" ! B5> !& #$ "'y.#"" #"= %31 !3
&"#'" #" 65!"'1 ""
"!#$#3 "#$% /?/">!=!
5%"2
#$3"!5&3 " "'"!= '"#$#3
3!)%&""!=." '""
#9'.= 2551
B
?
1 ... 1
/?%/z ... 1
&8#/"%="! ... 5
8"! ... 6
%#&;"! ... 7
&"! ... 8
!)'= ... 9
2 ""$"" !... 11
"'15; !'""&" '.).2543... 11
! ! ... 19
%"#/ ... 23
3 "!."!... 24
"! ... 24
/""#3&!3 ... 24
5&" ! ... 25
"1 1"! ... 26
""" ... 28
""= ... 29
? ()
4 ""= ... 33
""= ... 34
& 1 2/ "#'" #"... 35
& 2 "#'" #" !" #$%&&'""&" '.).2543 ... 39
& 3 /"!! "#'" #" !" #$%&&'""& " '.).2543... 43
5 %"#/"!%... 84
#3!")67... 84
%"#/"!... 85
9/"!... 88
%"#/... 95
%... 96
%%""!&... 96
""$#"... 97
9... 100
9 /")"'y.#""... 101
9 '""&" '.).2543... 107
9 %8... 119
/"&!3!... 125
G
??
?
&" 1 % "!"&%8~~~~~~~~~~~~~.. 35
&" 2 % 2/&%8~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 36
&" 3 2/ !.#"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. 38
&" 4 3B ! !" #$%&~~~ 39
&" 5 3B !"/:&"/?
&'""&" '.).2543~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 40
&" 6 3B !"%"8"/:&"/?
&'""&" '.).2543~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 41
&" 7 3B !%3 !&"; !"
#$%&&'""&" '.).2543
> !"/?"!... 43
&" 8 3B !%3 !&"; !
" #$%&&'""&" '.).2543
> !"/?"!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 45
&" 9 3B !%3 !&";%"8"
/:&1 " #$%&&'""&
" '.).2543 > !"/?"!~~~~~~~~~~~.. 47
&" 10 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".." '.).2543 > !""! &
"#'" #" ')&3~~~~~~~~... 48
&" 11 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".." '.).2543 > !""! &
"#'" #" ')&3~~~~~~~~~ 50
&" 12 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 > !""! &
"#'" #" ')&3~~~~~~~~... 51
?? ()
?
&" 13 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" !#&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 52
&" 14 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" !#&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~... 53
&" 15 "/"!!%"8 !"
#$%&&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'
" #" !#&&3~~~~~~~~~~. 54
&" 16 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 !#
&&3&"#'" #""1 "%3 97... 55
&" 17 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" #y")67&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~ 56
&" 18 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" #y")67&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~ 57
&" 19 "/"!!%"8 !"
#$%&& '.".."'.).2543&
"#'" #" #y")67&&3~~~. 58
&" 20 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" &3&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 59
?? ()
?
&" 21 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" &3&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 60
&" 22 "/"!!%"8 !"
#$%&&'.".."'.).2543 &
"#'" #" &3&&3~~~~~. 61
&" 23 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" "!2 B !&3 1&&3~~~~~~~~~. 62
&" 24 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" "!2 B !&3 1&&3~~~~~~~~~ 63
&" 25 "/"!!%"8 !"
#$%&&'.".."'.).2543
&"#'" #" "!2 B !&3 1
&&3... 64
&" 26 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 "!2 B !&3 1&&3&"#'" #"
"1 "%397 2 8&&"65~~~~~~... 65
&" 27 "/"!! &"#'"
#" /"%"$=&&3 !"
#$%&&'.".." '.).2543~~~~~~~~.. 66
&" 28 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" /"%"$=&&3~~~~~~~~~~~~ 67
?? ()
?
&" 29 "/"!!%"8 !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" /"%"$=&&3~~~~~~~~~~. 68
&" 30 "/"!! &"#'"
#" !" #$%&&'."..
" '.).2543 7$.#"&&3~~~~~~~... 69
&" 31 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" 7$.#"&&3... 70
&" 32 "/"!!%"8 !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" 7$.#"&&3... 71
&" 33 "/"!! &"#'"
#" !" #$%&&'."..
" '.).2543 "!2 B !.#"&&3~~~~~~. 72
&" 34 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" "!2 B !.#"&&3
"1 " # !~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 73
&" 35 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" "!2 B !.#"&&3
"1 "!"/"/ !&~~~~~~... 74
:
?? ()
?
&" 36 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" "!2 B !.#"&&3... 75
&" 37 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" "!2 B !.#"&&3
"1 "!"/"/ !&~~~~~~... 76
&" 38 "/"!!%"8 &"#'"
#" !" #$%&&'."..
"'.).2543 "!2 .#"&&3~~~~~~~~.. 77
&" 39 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" "!2 B !.#"&&3 !<!97"/"9&3F~~~~~~~~~~~ 78
&" 40 "/"!! &"#'"
#" !" #$%&&'."..
" '.).2543 '.#"&&3... 79
&" 41 "/"!! !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 &"#'"
#" '.#"&&3... 80
&" 42 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" '.#"
&&3"1 %"8 "!"2 ' "
"... 81
?? ()
?
&" 43 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" '.#"
&&3"1 %"8 3"!" % "2 8&65... 81
&" 44 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" '.#"
&&3"1 %"8 "2 8&&&";"
65... 82
&" 45 "/"!!"!3 !" #$%&
&'""&" '.).2543 &
"#'" #" '.#"
&&3&";"/z#/?!3 ~~ 82
&" 46 "/"!!%"8
&"#'" #" !" #$%&
&'.".."'.).2543 '
&&3... 83
!"# $% #"&'# ( !"# $%()%# $$ (# $% )..2543
OPINION AND UNDERSTANDING OF BOOKKEEPERS ON QUALIFICATIONS SPECIFICATION UNDER ACCOUNTING ACT,B.E.2543
B )%$
C D #
EFG 2549
!" #"# $ &
'$( )* + ,+,","-
$, !"./-##!/ ( .',(., '/-#"++ 0*1 -- -2 $#"1 -, $-"
34#"4,*+* .'--5 # #
$'2,+,*' '6 #" ,* ., 7$*
8""*/," 5 0",.,"
!*#'/, +. '"#!*
)*0", ,()0*' 2 ;()/
*"
. *-5 ()* #"* (
$) ** ' #","2++$ . (
* ),,/ #"-". ,-&6 () 3 + #"'++ <=* ,. #!
#"' '.,$/ ,' + 90
!$*$+$ '''- $$), $3*6' '."7( .,-&6-5 $*#*.#".$+ +.,-&6 ,+*-5 ()#-"$$ .,-&6 '+ ( /"
,+-" '.' +@/$+-
2
()-)#-**#00-* #5 8#' 8 /"* &!"!"-3- /"',") +)2 ,+ '&-7-6 ( '/ ;(,*( ( /"0*
() ( ,+* ( ;*) " (' ,+* ( )0* (#-"')-*
" 7/*6) ()7-"C '.7.1543 0* Luca Pacioli $6 ,++ Vennice ;(,+* ( 0*+)2 ), "*6=,)+" *$#"'*+,(
+
(Book N Keeping) ,*(7"** (),"*
* * ,+ '$ 0*/-#" *
#- ', (*" 8+-'6, ''" 2
# * .*/,+$.#"*6 ,) #"
-")!"0*6$ .)5 **
( *,.$* + #" ,* ()$
$*#-/ $ .$..$ #"*/' .$$) +"U,- 0-* ()$$*$ ) ('.')
1. ( *, ,$ #"**,--#"', .*/
.$,+ $$,*'.$
( /-., ."+,+#*"
2. $ ( $ .-" /" '+-+'
**$ +.#! &'*'-
3. ( $ $, #"/'*
'$ 8 /",$
4. (* *.,.$ '!/*'$ *$
+$ .#"* ''$ ' !/ .
5. (* $**#"* "8$
!-#"+- *#$
6. $" *.,,""+*"* #"*.'5 $ ;(
,-.,0-* ()$
)'& - !/. (.'*,($ $ - .7.2543 7$**"7 '&1- W 285 (. 285)
;( .,* . #"7 - .7.2543 # $7$*$"*#"-2. ," ()
;( - .7.2543 ;(7 & 12 Y3' .7.2543 ' - 7(6) .,'& -!/. #"--*7U'
* + [.,'& -#"+$ !/. .7.2543\ 4
#" 7 )+ [.,,"&]6 #"*"U'/-+
!/. .7.2547\ !" 0*--!/. + &)*
!/. .,( $'& --- - .7.2543 .,!/$
'& --- - ' #",# U 7(3-'/ + -,7*#"'& - !/.
- - .7.2543 ;(+"*#"'),., !/.
)+.,'& -#"*"U'/-+
4
!/. +U-,!/'& -- - .7.2543
"
,-!"" -!/*(,8'.7(3('',8 !/.
()1 -- -.," 5 C! $
! "*#"-,!/'& -- - .7.
2543 .,$*$ )*- * -* "
1 --,'& -- - .7.2543 .,$+$1 --,
!/'& -- - .7.2543 .,* *#"$
!" *$'/' U-,'/*
-+
*)(7(3('',8#"' !/. * 1 --,!/'& -- - .7.2543 .,"
0** * !" - #","1 --,,!/
'& -- - '6 $ '- #+
+',+ "*-.#, !/. #""" !"
. +,-!/. '&U'/'-- - .7.2543 - 7 (6) 7U'+ [.,'& -#"
+$ !/. .7.2543\ - 4 #" 7 #"7U '+ [.,,"&]6 #"*"U'/-+
!/. .7.2547\ !/. *"U-,!/'& - ,+8-*$ ;($ /"0*6+U,"/-
*#" ., !/. -$
,-. /+
1. 7(3'',8 !/. * .,'& -!/.
- - .7.2543 -,'#",
2. * * '',8!/ . * .,'& -!/.
- - .7.2543 -,'#", 7 * 7(3 &6. *$W"*-+
#",*#--
3. * * '' . * .,'& -!/.
- - .7.2543 -,'#", 7 * 7(3 &6. *$W"*-+ #"
,*#--
0+.123/ /+
1. +,$ /".$.,# ' #"#U!/. ,1 -,'"
- .7.2543
2. 70*6., !/* - .7.2543
3. +#U
2434 /+
7(3'',8#"' !/. - - .7.2543 +.,'& - !/. -,'#",
!/*$ #'' - .7.2543 ,
6
1. .,'& -!/.
2. () *!/.
3. '/-+ 3 C . 27 0 *-.C" 6 0 +5 9 0
4. *"(8 C) "*-,!/'& -- .. . .7.2543
5. '. -2 ^
6. 7*1 -,"!/. - - .7.2543
, /+
.,'& - !/. - - .7.2543 !" -1 -- !/. #--*
5 1 /"$ !/- # $# 7 * U7(3 + ;(*$#" * . -
5 2 /"$ !/.
5 3 '',8 !/. * .,'& -!/. - - .7.2543 W- 7(6)
5 4 '1 -,"!/. - - .7.2543
5 5 7*1 -,"!/. - - .7.2543
5 6 '',8#" #
;< , # 3 "3& )
1. '.,!/- "+- * *
2. '.,!/- #'',80*# '',8 5 '+ " * #"*
3. '.,!/ #'',8$*
3>
!/*$.,/# * *8 /"*')) 2 '+
5 1 8 /"# (Questionnaires) ;($
# $3&*6$*"-*$.,$ #"$ - " '+ +,
$ /".
5 2 3&6# "( (In-Depth Interview) ;(!/*$.
3&6# "(!/. */"-* . 20 * +,$ /""(
0*6** ()
.,-2 - .,!/*.,-##"-#
-*')) #*"* -##-"$ )
-? /+
1. !/. -k#" 7#--'',8#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543
#--
8
2. !/. -k#" *#--'',8#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543
#--
3. !/. -k#" 7(3#--'',8
#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543 #--
4. !/. -k#" *$W"*-+#--' ',8#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543 #--
5. !/. -k#" &6. #-- '',8#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543 #--
6. !/. -k#" *$W"* #-- '',8#"' * .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543 #--
7. !/. -k#" . #-- '',8#"'',8* .,'& -!/. -.. . .7.2543 #--
/+
*)7(3('',8 !/. - .,'& - !/.
- - .7.2543 0*"-*..!/.
$ () *!/. U' &*6 W -
,'#", /"$# #"3&6"(
',6*- #"*". 1 C -#7(3
-# (Independent Variable) $# 7 * 7(3 *$W"*- + &6. #",*
-#- (Dependent Variable) $# '',8#"' * .,'& - !/. -.. . .7.2543
+ @A.
B>3 ,*( !/'& --7
*'+ .,'& -
#"+$ !/.
-<B>3 ,*( !/. -'& --., - #"4,*"/
*
A A.@.2543 ,*( - .7.2543 -7(6) #"4,*"/*
A... ,*( - .7.2543 @AC D-/ 3 ,*( 7U'*
+ .,,"&]6 #"*"
U '/-+ !/.
A .$
10
-. ,*( ,,-.#,,
B>3/2 B ,*( ''"!/, ,#"' '/#"
B>3 + EF + ,*( ''"!/,' '/#"#!
' '*
&'(($ &' ) *% "#*+$,- ! ('
*(' ! "#!&. #!)/&.0 *+%1"#
! )2$$$"#*+&'(($(' &..2543 !. # *+
89%$!. #""#!)/*(' :,!)/$,!. #
.!.2543
)!!)"# 9)2$ ; 285 (). 285) ? !)/
"#*+! *(' )'&'(($(' &..2543 ,)!!) )$0*('+!)/%" !. #
*('!)/%,%* (%,+ )#@8 *(' %1*('1$#$$0(' # )*+
! ,!'. #1.#&#):'A+'! )'
&'(($(' &..2543 ? ) 9 12 &C &..2543 "#
$ 7(6) *+ 89%$*(' $$)&F@8
! !. # G*+ 89%$!. #""#!)/*(' &..2543H "# 4
"# 7 !. # G*++!9IA @ !&F $,#!. # ''&"#*(' &..2547H :$$,#*('!. #"9
*('*+ 89%$$$ &'(($(' &..2543 *+
, 89%$$$&'(($('! ,#+!%"#
&F!& !$ #!&. #))8$!#+C& 89%$"#
*('$&'(($(' &..2543 ? 1.#,!)/!) ) +(,%*+
*('!. #*+ 89%$!&F $,#!. #''&
"#*(' !&. #&F$!#+!)/ 89%$$&'(($(' &..2543 ,
12
$,!"# +!, "+ *('" + $#
+ "*('" #,# 1 $#)"!!)/*('
&F@8 &9'A$&'(($(' &..2543 !)/$
*, "*('" $&'(($(' &..2543 ,8 8 + ! "#
? $#+*(' #*KL(' %8+A(' ++(' +.#*$*+, !'. ##,#. ? + '#!',!*$*+,, 9 !)/&"#+ *(' #*KL(' %8+A(' ++
(' +.#*$*+, !'. ##,#. ? + '#!',!*$*+, ,9 !)/&"#+ *('++%* 9 !)/%*
*(' $) 98 !)/+8%,? '#+*
(' %*+ !)/%**(' $) 98 +.#!)/
+8%,? '#+*(' 9 !)/%**(' !$!)/$8 8 @ 9 !)/*('#%',*
('$ *+ 8 #. # 8$? + '#* ('"#
+ *('*(' "!&F@8
&9'A+ $#&F $,#!. #$&'(($(' &..2543 (($ +!9IA @ !&F $,#!. #''&
"#*(':*('$#!"&F $,#!. #''&$+%$
%1 #@+ !+M'# ,#, 27 ' :8# 3 )N :$#!)/+"#
(',#, 18 ' : $,)N$#!"&F $,#!. # ''&,#, 6 ' : :! $$, 1 &..2548 !)/)N + +.#+ !', #+.#% !)/
*!%!)/#A%1 %*!M 898F ! "#''&(' ,!;&' ! "#''&(' +.##. #@)*+ #"# "*('" ##!)/ 2 +%$
.#
1. +%$(' ,#, 18 ' : :$#!"#)N 6 ' :
!. # 3 )N M!M' : 18 ' : +)N#! 6 ' :M!& 6 ' :
!,
2. +%$ ) ,#, 9 ' : ? !)/+%$ #8$&F@8 !',C# + ! :#%1# 9 ' : + C 1 )NM +.##!M' :# 9 ' :C 3 )NM !"#
+.#+ *('$#+ "*('"!"# (' ) + 27 ' :C 3 )N M !)/!. #8,,',# *('" $#)2$
$+ $#+%1 !"#!&. ###+0+,,#
89%$"#*('!)/%,%* (#,+ 8&'(($
(' &..2543 )!!)"# 9)2$ ; 285 (). 285) ? !)/"#*+! *(' )'&'(($
(' &..2543 ,)!!) )$0*('+!)/%
" ? &'(($(' &..2543 ? ) 9 12 &C &..2543
"# $ 7(6) *+ 89%$*(' $$)&F@8 ! !. # G*+ 89%$!. #""#!)/*(' &..2543H
"# 4 "# 7 !. # G*++!9IA @ !&F
$,#!. #''&"#*(' &..2547H :$$,#*('!. #
"9*('*+ 89%$$$ &'(($(' &..2543
*+ , 89%$$$&'(($('! ,#+!%
"#&F!& !$ #!&. #))8$!#+C&
89%$"#*('$&'(($(' &..2543 ? 1.#,!)/!) ) +(,%*+*('!. #*+ 89%$!&F
$,#!. #''&"#*('!&. #&F$!#+!)/ 89%$$&'(($
(' &..2543 ,
14
&'(($(' &..2543 )'8! !. # 12
&C &..2543 '$$, 10 %+ &.. 2543 !)/$) %,
! "#*+ 89%$"#*('!&$ 7(6) !#
$ $ 7(6) +,&'(($(' &..2543 )
! !. #*+ 89%$!. #""#!)/*(' "# 4 !. #*
('$# 89%$ 898F ? %* (
*('"#++8%,!* $"$+ ? 9 )Q('#)N(' , 8!,!+ %&A,!
%% ,!%% $# 898F,$ *,#8)((+.#
)$''&'% ()%.) ('+.#!!,%1
? ++.# 9"'&!.# (.&.) +.#@
!,,$ *,#8)((+.#)$''&'% ()%.) ('
*('"#+ *('$,#) $# 898F,$ *,)(($
('+.#!!, %1? ++.# 9"'
&!.# (.&.) +.#@!,,$ *,)(($(' ++8%,
!* $"$+? 9 )Q('#)N(' , 8! +.#%&A +.#+ !, *+
+'* $"$ +$8 $"$+$,)!
)#@8)! , $) )#@8@
!8 +&A ! $R#?!#A)'$)C)#@8?
%,!%8$+,%,!%8
9 !)/! *('#)N('"#+ *(' 898F"#*
('+&9:'!9IA8!$ *+$,9 9 !)/*
('"#8 @+.#++8%, ! ? 0$)*++!)/
+ *(' 898F"#*(',+!)/)$ *+ :#8:
*('$#&F $,#!. #''& $+!9IA @!
#@)*+ &F $,#!. #''& , !", :#+.#% !)/ *!% !)/#A
%1"#0 +.#%1"#!#'$+,%1
!#' ? %#,$ *,#8)((+.#)$''&'% ()%.) (' +.#!!, ,,!)/%#0#A)*+.##A&! %*!M 898F ! "#''&(',, 898F+,%, 898F!+.#, M$,!;&' ! "#''&('%1"#0 +.#%1"#!#'$+,%1!#' ? %#
,$ *,#8)((+.#)$''&'% ()%.) ('+.#!!, +.##. # 8$ #@)*+!. #"$ + +'
$$, 10 %+ &..2547 !)/$)
%&'()*%+
*(' "!%C''&('$#!)/, %,9
$#+ :$#C*!+.#1 #,'#9 C!&&# * ('!)/C ,! $# *&&1 %8+* 8 !$,$# *&&+.#
&:,#,%)N $#8F!',!8F"#*('
$)"#&F@8 ? ##$+,('
"#"!!)/*(' ,%('$ $# ! $0 (' +C#"# !&. #)2$$+,('+
C# ! "#
-.&'()*
#$ ,@!"!!)/*(')N!)/#$$)N)2 (1 1 31 @ "#8)N) .# )N 500 %*+%*!M)(($
)N 300 %*+%*!M$ *,)(($
16
/0012/345
&8;'9I$%1 (2542 : 231) + +! 0, +1% "; !"C,#+!%+ $,#)
*(' 89%$$#*!$ &'(($(' &..2543
$$ 7(6) +#*#@! *+ 89%$!. #""#!)/
*(' #@! ##)! !. #*+
89%$!. #""#!)/*(' &..2543 ? '$$, 10 %+
&..2544 !)/$) ? %%* (%8)
*('$), ,8 $,#)
1.1 9 !)/&"#+ *('*(' .# #*KL(' %8+A(' ++(' +.#*$*+, !'. ##,#. ? + '#!',!*$*+,,
1.2 9 !)/%**('
1.2.1 %* $) 98 *(' .# ++%*
1.2.2 %* $) 98 *(' .# !)/+8%, ? '#+*('
1.2.3 %* !$!)/$8 *(' .# +.#
!)/+8%,? '#+*(' 1.3 8 @ 9!)/*('#%
1.4 ',*(' 9 *('*('!, 100 1.5 8 #. # 8 $ 1.1 - 1.4
, ,6)**10 5 0.,5/3'+
,3 0
3,- 1 ++8%,! * $"$+ 9 )Q ('#)N , ,50 ,! 5 %8 ,! 30 90 ,! 30 )* $# 898F,$ *,#8)((+.#
)$''&'% ()%.) ('+.#!!,%1 ? + 9"'&!.# (.&.) +.#@ !, ,$ *,#8)(( +.#)$''&'% ()%.) ('
3,- 2 ++8%,! * $"$+ 8
! %&A +.# + !, *+
8, 1 @8 %* ( .# +' * $"$+
$8 $"$+$,)! )#@8)! , $ ) )#@8@ !8 +&A ! $R#?!#A )'$
)C)#@8? %,!%8$+,%,!%
8 )* $# 898F,$ *,)(($(' +.#!!,
%1? + +.# 9"'&!.# (.&.) +.#
@ !,,$ *,)(($('
*(' 89%$ $#!# ! "#*('$
*('"#*(' ( %.'. 5) C 60 $, 10 %+ &..2544 (10 %+ V 9 $8 &..2544) +.#$,! *('$,9 :. %.'. 5
&#!#%+0 $,#)
2.1 %*!+0 ()$ / #8)(( / )((&#
% )) 1 ;
2.2 %*!!$)'' +.#$ '##+#, 1 ;
18
2.3 )1, $ +$ ,%+ " 1 1,,! 6 !.#
* 2 ) (%,CC * 3 ))
/5'()* 2 .
//5*)*0
- 9 #,+.#%1 *8!&X +8 . %**@8 ! !" 44/100 181
$*%# #*!C#!.# +8 11000 &#%*! 1 '8
- 9 #,+.#%1 *%,CC . %*!
+ #,+.#%1 *$#, &#%*! 2 '8
/0012/345
&8;'9I$%1 (2542 : 231) + +! 12, +1 "#;+.# !'. # %##$ +.#
& $AAA 9 (2531 : 9) + +! 012, +1%## %$,#% % + &+.#!" :#
)%9A%C# ? % !+M#. ##+.#)2!%@,!+M M
&8;'9I$%1 (2542 : 200) + +! 45, +1 !. # +
http://th.wikipedia.org.wiki + + *, 45 .#
$ ! "#% % + ? *+8 %1 8, 1% %1' :A (Concept) !&. #% #,!&&#
' &$8 (2531 : 8) ,, 45 .# %1%
" *+##)!#,%!+$8% !"!)/%1C&
"$'"#"#$)h(( !)/ &"#%# )))8+.#!%
$, !+)9+, ##)!&. #*)'%19A#. )+,##)
$,##, "#!#,
Paisey, Catriona1 & Paisey, Nicholas J.2 (2007 : 105),,
!)/! . #*+ $$,#'&$, $, %#'& M
&.0 !
)35
#8 (2548 : 98) !" !+M"#
*('$,#&'(($''&(' &..2547 !"$C $##!;!+.#$#
&,*('!"$C $##!;!+.#$# !"$,#&'- (($''&(' &..2547 :#, !"%%8 8
*('9"#)#''& %%* ("#&'(($''&
(' &..2547 *(' !"%,+(,!)/!. # ! "#%, :$$,#*(' !', 8*(' 9"#)#''&('
%# #&'(($(' &..2543 :%%* ("#&'(($('
&..2543 *+ '#*('"#+ *(',,!)/
"#+ *('+.#,M$ :*('$# 89%$$!. #""#*('
$ #@) ? %# # "# ' % (2544 : ,#)
$#&F ('"#)#''&('!"$#*!C#!.# +
*) :$18)% A!&. #1 $#"#)#''&(')h8 &, :)#''&('!"$#*!C#!.# +*) %,+(, $#&F ! "#(': $#&F %8 .# $0('
? %!+$8"#$#&F !&. #+$,#!) )"#''& %*+)h(+
"#&F ! "#)#''& .# ,&#!. #!
%1C&"#&F', 1 )N )#''&%,+(,,!"#!&. #&F
20
! (' !"&F ('#,% *!%#
:!"# % $,# %"!&. #%1* )' ):'A*+)%@C& "
!%9A +%89 (2543 : ,#) 1 $"#)#''&(' $,#&'(($(' &.. 2543 !"$#*!C#!.# +!'+, &, )#
''&('%,+(, $,!+M)'&...(' &..2543
*+*('"#$,- 1$#$$0(' :),%" ? ,#+$0('!)/!&)2$ # : )!, *+@8)#''&(', ,##)h8
$0(';+,##!)/* )#''&('M, !"!&&#$0$,- #*+ $"#)#''&(' $,#
&... ('&..2543 !)/),
"#A @AFA (2546 : 121) *!
#!")8$A,$0('"# : ('!$
%*+@8%& !&. #$*%)! &"
)h(+)8$A,$0('!$ %* .# +
#%! $0('!$&#**!%#$#,"#
! @ ,"#%&A'C&1!)Q!"# %*+ )#
@8! !&)&.' +$ ',!! "#
)'$0('!$ $+, #+ **), ! )(')2$$$0('!$ !&. #+
8 8KL,,!)/*(' $%#('!"#'!#. - !" )2$$,$0('!$!)/)!
!&. #+)2$ %# #('$,$0('
!$!)/$0!C @8!$
"#%8&$ (2546 : 153) *!
#!")8$A,$0('!$ %*+@8!$#
))! &,)8$A(,) $0('!$%*+
@8#))! #!)h(+#!. # ,%1+ , 8$@ ,!'. #1.#,,*,$0('!$' ,
!"!.#+$0('!$ )h(+)2$ !', ('
!)Q!"# !)/$ ('"#@8!$#) !+M, ,8$@ !)Q!"#%&A'C& +!,@8* !"
"# *!)/ ! +!)/!.#,#*+,C!!,
@8+$#')8$A,$0('!$ ? *('"#@8
!$#)%,$#+#,)+'
"#%8A C(:( 89 (2546 : 130) *!
#!")8$A (,) $0('!&. #!$%*+@8RA%8 )! #!")8$A (,) $0('
!$,#+!)h(+ :!;&*+ ,8$@%*+
&A%'C&!. #$% !$)!,*+ $ !)/
%*+% !$8)!C #,M$ (,) $0('!&. #!$
!)Q!.#+%1*+ ,$!$ 8 !)h(+
%*+!$)!C !. #!M! $,%1""9
!M! , $#
Boldt, Margarte N.( 2001 : 262) ,1: % *+!
0 '*(('$#&.0('!!)/0
!&. #+! !' '(:!)! !' '("#!
+,+"#0%+!+M"#@! +A !&. #%
+!+M""# %1!&. #+:)(' ? !)/"# !)/):'A!. #
&F "#!C+%*!M
22
"# Paisey, Catriona1 C.Paisey Paisey, Nicholas J.2 ,, !)/! . #*+ $$,#'&$, $, %#'&
M&.0 ! +%$''&!)Q%#!.#+!;&''&
&1 !)Q%#! "#&.0 )(' ? !)/''&#%
"+%$%#'& !&. #+%#'&+,- ""#,M$
+%$+1*'&F !+M, +*('$#)(($
('$#&F $,#!. #('#. - *+"#*
('"" !&. #!& # A +,*('!&. #+! """*
+ &C&!;& #,$!#$ %"#$!#$ %1&!
+%$+$%#!&. #)!!&. #CA (+%$) #!+$8%%8 +%$+%"(' %8), &F#,$,#!. # (' *+%$+%"(')(($ %1'+!+M )h(+ !""#!& &.0"9 +" + :#%&F
$$,#%. #%#8($+!& C&$!#%"''&*
+%$!& !$*++%$''&(')%@C&
!+M,,!)/"#%%8! % !+M
!""#*(' )2$$$&...(' &..2543 ? !)/
!& & '*(+*('+" " 8, 1 !+M !""#*('!"$8!&+ +8!
*+ 89%$*('$&'(($(' &..2543 +)'
"#)2$$"#*+"#&'(($(' &..2543 $ 7 (6) )&F@8 !. # G*+ 89%$ !. #""#!)/*
(' &..2543H $"# 4 "# 7 )&F@8 !. # G*+
+!9IA @ !&F $,#!. #''&"#*(' &..
2547H ? "# !)/):'A!&. #'&F+%$!%#
#%*+*('$,#)
%,'
!+M")h(+,*++)2$$$&'(($
(',"$ !&. #+*('"## A@88+,1$#$$0 (' %# #% ,#!)/$,#!0"#)!% 8 ,%%8:)2$$+#,! , :!;&*++*
(' 89%$$&... (' &..2543 !)/*++*('!)/
)(($%"(' $#$$",% ! . #+!) )
$,- "#$0('++,- ! "#!)/*+*('!)/
%+,#,$#! &'(($(' &..2543 '!)/!
5 )N ',! 5 )N ,(',))8!) )$!#+!)/
89%$$ &'(($(' &..2543 *+#, $#
! !$"#(','!)2$$+!)/ 89%$$
&'(($(' &..2543 *+ !+M !")2$$!#
+!)/ 89%$$ &...(' &..2543 *+#, !&(' %1 '*( $#)%9A%"''&('
$,- %1%+!+M#,'! 1 %* ("#$ $,## A
3
!!"# $%!&'
&()*+,+" !-+.)*+,. /+,,.+, /..2543
&()*+,' &./" !$%" + (#++&(*%
$++(+ $%5-6%%.(7" & $%!"6
&(*%8 ."
'' ! 7$ )*+,7& + +/9 8
!/-6 ./+,,.+, /..2543 ' &./" !
$%" + :+! ; &(*%&(/9 8! /-6
<7$"%&)*+, /(:($% % 36,901 ! (http://www.dbd.go.th &(*% 25 :( /M5! /..2549)
)*7" & &(%.("+'' ! 400 .( 8! -& &(%.( $7
36,901 ! ! -& &(%.( (
!'' /:( .$ &( *.< $7
n = NZ2 / 4 NE2 + (Z2 / 4)
:( N = & E = !!%!%:(
n = & .( Z = !..;
$ !.$/:(! -" .(' .('"!
)/%7 5 % !:( 95% 7& .(' ! +
n, = (36901)(1.96)2 / 4 . [(36,901)(.05)2 ]+ [ (1.962)/4]
= 380.2 .( ":(- 400 .(
& .(7! - 380 .( $./:(%Y,".(+%+&()*.(+
$++(+ )*/& .( 400 .( '.(( (Simple Random Sampling) :(+ 7+/9 8!
1,000 :( 7+.(+%+ 132 a++ !: %+7)*+."
32 a++
$"%&(*%'' ! )*7+&(*%
$"%&(*% 2 $"% !:( $"%&(*%;5* (Primary Data) &(*%7
%.( 400 ! 8#+$++(+ 7-6$%5-6
%/. /:('"7&(*%!"68 .
$%$"%&(*%.5* (Secondary Data) < &(*%7" :(//6 +!
$%+5-6.//6' +,$%5 /:(' &(*%+:(.
'
!
1. #++&(*%.5* /..+. +, /..2543 $%g"
(: (+ &(*%7" :(//6 +!$%+5-6.//6' +,$%5 $%)% /:(' &(*%+:(.
'
2. 5-6%)*+,/:(+&(*%+:(. $% $ ' $++(+
26
' ! . $%! !( /:($%
/9 .; .$'' <7++$7&$%" ++
8 " $%%.( " $"%&(*%.%+ "%
!:(:(/:('' +&(*% :(7&(*%'' +($%
(+/(%)%8 . $% %+
"##
)*7%:('$++(+ & /:(!!"# &()*+,.(
/+,,.+, /..2543 %(&($++(+ )*7 /9 &
$ 1 &(*%7&()*.(+$++(+ 7$ / ( 9 + 7 $% &(*%7&( 7$ %-(+8 & &(8<
7$% + /
$ 2 !&'$%!!"# + /+,,.+,. 7(6) 7$!!"# +' /+,,.+, /..2543 ! ' i+. "% )*+,./+,,.+, /..2543 $%5/
' i+. i+. "% )*+,./+,,.+, /..2543
"!'"" () *+++ *.-.2543 0*
7(6)
- !!"# +" !-+.&()*+,./+,,.
+, /..2543
- !!"# +)*+,.(!-97.,,.
+,":(+
- !!"# +" + &(8' "
!-+.&()*+,. /..+.+, /..2543
- !!"# +% (8 k) ' +% . ('" )*
!-+../..+.+, /..2543
- !!"# +" !*.( :( (CPD) (+ 3 k 27 +,(.k% 6 (: m 9
- !!"# +& + )*+,
"!' "$'56( 789!+
*+++ *.-.2543
- ! +*!& ..; +,7 *.(&
- ! %$7&&()/%' + - ! *%!$' + 7 *.(&
- ! + 7 *.(..; +,7&
- ! + n)&(*%7 *.(..;
+,&
- ! &'.; +,' Y+ 7 (
"!' + *.-.2543 # *-:*56 ( 789!+*+++ *.-.2543
- !&'+g"$%5(5.m &
- ! 57 *.(.%&
- ! %Y,":(++ /' 5 - ! '' !(/.(6' i+. 7&
- ! .6'$#*' +,7&
28
;<"!' $+ 3 %-
1. ! '")*.(+%:(.(+/&(
2. ! '")*.(+$!!"# $+ +!!"#
5 + !:( % ( $% ( 3. ! '")*(+ $!!"# 7((+
&(*%)*7" *$++++8' #++&(*%''
! (( 2 !:(
$ 1 #++&(*%$++(+ (Questionnaires) <7
$++(+ 7-67%.(7" 7 $%+.(+%+!: /:('"7
&(*%
$ 2 5-6$++% (In-Depth Interview) <)*7 5-6$++%)*+,(*' %.( 20 /:('"7&(*%%
6' &
98
% 400 .(7 )*7..(&(:($%(*&()*+, ' &./" !$%" + & + .(/9 8!
/-6 7&(!( !"6" /9 8!:()*& + .(
/9 8! " 36,901 :( " /9 8
!7'"!( !"6:()*+,'"/ 1,000 :( )* :(
)*+, 1,000 :($++(+ 400 7$++(+ :(
5 .%! 2550 7+.(+%+ 164 "!: %+ :(7)*+
32 $%7+$++(+ .(+%+ 132
"(=98
$++(+ +7
1. .(+&(*% .(+!!+ $% &(&(*%
$++(+ 7+.(+%+!: <"&(*%+7+*-6
$7&( %)%/:('"&(*%!+*-6 *.($% :( :(
'$ SPSS for windows
2. %! $++%n)*.(+$++(+ $!!"# ( /:(!' %)%$%!"6&(*%
3. %)%$%!"6&(*% &(*%) .(+$%%
$%%&(*% /:(!"6&(*%' ./- (Descriptive Statistics)
<>= "" ()
(+ +!&'$%!!"# &()*+,$'"!!"#
+" !-+.&()*+, ! ' i+. "% )*
+,./+,,.+, /..2543 $% /5/' i+. "%
)*+,./+,,.+, /..2543 " ' $++(+ $+
5 + !:(
+ 1 !$ " + ( + 2 !$ " + ( + 3 !$ " + % + 4 !$ " + + 5 !$ " +
30
-u6'' !"6!a% (x) '"%-u6/:($%!"*.
!* - !. = !&(( .5!
. -!
$ ! 5-1 = 0.80 5
!a%!!"# 0.00 -1.80 " + (
!a%!!"# 1.81 - 2.60 " + (
!a%!!"# 2.60 - 3.40 " + %
!a%!!"# 3.41 - 4.20 " +
!a%!!"# 4.21 - 5.00 " +
++!!"# $%!&'&()*+,+"
!-+.)*+,./+,,.+, /..2543 '(+!$..
"!a%&(%.( 2 % '!"6! $ (One-way Analysis of Variance) -u6++!!"# &. 7'' $%
$%!"6)% ' + 4 $%)%' + 5 /:((8+)%
!$ a%&(+!!&' $%!!"# &()*+,$'"!
!"# +" !-+.&()*+, ! ' i+. "%
)*+,./+,,.+, /..2543 $%/5/' i+.
"% )*+,./+,,.+, /..2543
$'595 "(=98
1. ./: ; 7$
1.1(% (Percentage) 1.2!a% (Mean)
1.3 ++ .; (Standard Deviation)
2. .'(+.; 7$
2.1t-test 2.2F-test (98
$"%&(*%'' ! )*7+&(*%
$"%&(*% 2 $"% !:( $"%&(*%;5* (Primary Data) &(*%7
%.( 400 ! 8#+$++(+ 7-6$%5-6
%/. /:('"7&(*%!"68 .
$%$"%&(*%.5* (Secondary Data) < &(*%7" :(//6 +!
$%+5-6.//6' +,$%5 /:(' &(*%+:(.
'
!
1. #++&(*%.5* /..+. +, /..2543 $%g"
(: (+ &(*%7" :(//6 +!$%+5-6.//6' +,$%5 $%)% /:(' &(*%+:(.
'
3. 5-6%)*+,/:(+&(*%+:(. $% $ ' $++(+
' ! . $%! !( /:($%
/9 .; .$'' <7++$7&$%" ++
8 " $%%.( " $"%&(*%.%+ "%
!:(:(/:('' +&(*% :(7&(*%'' +($%
(+/(%)%8 . $% %+
32
""
)*7(($++(+$ !!'
.; &(*% +!!%&()*+,$.. !!"# .(
" !-+.)*+,$..
.$. 7$&(*% +!!%
.$. 7$!!"# &()*+,
!"#$%&
&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 !"#$%&
##(!+ ##!(& #'1" *"#
#&2
1. #$#)!&%"
2. "##2"
3.
#'1%#$#)!&%" #&2
x
! 45&'(Mean)S.D. ! 4&'*>(Standard Deviation) T ! F*!!&%G&'!&' t-distribution F ! F*!!&%G&'!&' F- distribution SS ! "#(Sum of Squares)
MS ! 4"#5&'(Mean Square)
df ! #%#2GP (Degrees of Freedom)
34
!"
#'1" *"##&2
# 1 !#1G !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&
# 2 &'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*
#$%& +..2543
# 3 &'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*
#$%& +..2543
# 4 G&'!&'&'#"()#* !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 !&& + '( # '15&'*4 G )!"#$%& 4'!&##
**4#
# 5 G&'!&'&'#"()#* !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 + '( # '1 5&'*4 G )!"#$%& 4'!&##**4#
" !"#$%&&'#"()#*
!"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 !"#$%&##(!+
##!(& !&2! &'GP !"#$%&#+#RS( !+)%' T'(44F!1G)&' " 400 5# 1# *##&2
# ( 1 )!( *( #)+
* , *
*# 132 33.00
14*# 236 59.00
14& #*4 32 8.00
400 100.00
4F" 400 %(1#4F#!& 5 *(
2550 F*#!#22GP" 132 %( GP' 33.00 F#14& #*4 " 32 %(GP' 8.00 14*#" 236 %( GP' 59.00
# 1 /0( ,(! 1(2 ),(!
1
,* 3!* )*#0 !4 5
1. &'#"()#* !"#$%&
2. FGY#*#GP !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543
3. +#'Z+GY#*#GP !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 4. +* !"#$%&
10(2 0 !*#6(7 !("
1. #) G %
2. (R !"#$%&
3. &'#*"4 !"#$%&
4. &'#'15&'*4 !"#$%&
36
5. &'#G ) !"#$%&
6. &'#'15&'*4G[
7. &'##) "S(
8. &'#S(
9. &'#"+#S(
10. &'#*4
11. &'#&'#"()#* !"#$%&
12. &'#FGY#*#GP !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543
13. &'#+#'Z+GY#*#GP !"#$%&
*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 14. +*
# 1 /0( ,(! 1(2 ),(!1
# ( 2 )!(/0( #)+
* , *
28
%' 41 31.10
$ 91 68.90
132 100
*1
1. '4 30 G[ 17 12.90
2. 30 ] 40 G[ 55 41.70
3. 41 ] 50 G[ 44 33.30
4. 4 51 G[ 16 12.10
132 100.00
# ( 2 )!(/0( #)+ (#6)
* , *
0
1. *"4!4# 5 G[ 23 17.40
2. 6 -10 G[ 27 20.50
3. 4 10 G[ 81 61.40
14* 1 0.80
132 100.00 1; 8<(
1. *"4G$$*& 7 5.30
2. G$$*&!&'!4 92 69.70
3. 4G$$*& 29 22.00
4. ^ 4 3.00
132 100.00
#)6((
+##$%& 28 21.20
# #$%& 34 25.80
(#$%& 25 18.90
"'_`'#$%&!&'!4 42 31.80
14* 3 2.30
132 100.00
4F !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&
" *F 132 %( 4$4GP+$ " 91 GP' 68.90 4+%'&" 41 GP' 31.10 !"#$%&4$4&%4'(
30 - 40 G[ " 55 GP' 41.70 &%4'( 41 ] 50 G[ " 44 GP' 33.30 !"#$%&4$4&G )!"#$%&4 10 G[ a&
GP" 81 GP' 61.40 &G )%"#$%& 6-10 G[
38
&" 27 GP' 20.50 4$4 *F&(R GP " #G$$*&!&'!4 " 85 GP' 64.40 GP !&(R4G$$*& &" 26 GP' 19.70 a4
$4&*"4GP * =>* 5*6&"( 42 GP ' 31.80 GP*"4*" ,! ) &" 34 GP' 25.80
/0*?1 ,
# ( 3 /0*?1 ,
* , *
!?1 ,
S(a2-'1G 15 11.40
S( 101 76.50
S( * "4' 7 5.30
^ 9 6.80
132 100.00
!(?1 ,
ZS(/ 66 50.00
ZS($4/Z#> #> 8 6.10
"##$%& 58 43.90
132 100.00 ,2(
*"4 100 120 90.90
101 - 200 4 3.00
4 200 7 5.30
14* 1 .80
132 100.00
* 3 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(& GY#*
S( 4$4!&&#) "&" 101 'GP' 76.50 GPa2-'1G &" 15 'GP' 11.40 F1
!&'#S(4$4GPZS(/"&"
!&( 66 'GP' 50.00 GPS("##$%&"F 58 'GP' 43.90 4$4!&&"+#*"4 100 &"
120 4 GP' 90.90 GP!&&+#4 200 GP' 5.30
# 2 !4), ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 * !1#
#2 # 2.8.2543
# ( 4 6@*!4* !1#(
!4* !1#
( x S.D. !
!4 1. !"#$%&'#"()#*
!"#$%&* +... #$%& +.. 2543 3.74 .92 2. !"#$%&'#!& !"#$%&*&()(R
14*"4G$$*&!#$%&!&'!4 3.98 .94 3. !"#$%&'#"!(! &'
S("()#* !"#$%&
* +... #$%& +.. 2543
3.28 1.03 G
4. !"#$%&'# ' (8 G[) G#
G&'*GP &()#**+...#$%&
+..2543
3.31 1.04 G
5. !"#$%&'#"*4 (CPD) 3 G[ " 27 %#T % #$%&'4*"G[ 6 %#T ^ 9 %#T
3.22 1.04 G
6. !"#$%&'#2! &'GP !"#$%& 3.91 .99 3!* 3.57 .99
40
* 4 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(& &
&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+...#$%& +..2543 T''4 # 45&' 3.57 +)'+4 '4 # 3 T'&'"#
45&'1G' !"#$%&*&()(R14*"4G$$*&&45&' 3.98 2! &'GP !"#$%&&45&' 3.91 '#"()#* !"#$%&
*+...#$%& +..2543 &45&' 3.74 '4 #G" 4 T'&'"#45&'1G' ' (8 G[) G#G&'*GP &()#**+...#$%& +..2543 &45&' 3.31 "!(! &' S("()#* !"#$%& *+...#$%& +..2543 &45&' 3.28 "*4 (CPD) 3 G[ " 27 %#T %#$%&'4*"G[ 6
%#T ^ 9 %#T&45&' 3.22
* + 0C#((, 0D 2 # 2.8. 2543
# ( 5 6@*, 0C#((, 0D # 2 # 2.8. 2543
+ 0C#((, 0D
#2 # 2.8. 2543 x S.D. !
!4 1. !"#$%&F#'!&2**>
#$%&1F*2 3.39 .92 G
2. !"#$%&F'1 +
#!" 3.41 .95
3. !"#$%&F#4'!&
1F*2 3.35 .94 G
4. !"#$%&F#!"1F**
*>#$%&12 3.56 .94
5. !"#$%&F#!"T'Ge '
1F***>#$%&2 3.54 .95
6. !"#$%&F*>#$%&
Gf(#1GP'4& 3.48 .83
3!* 3.46 .92
* 5 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&
&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +.. 2543 T''4 # &45&' 3.46 '4 #" 4 T'&'"#45&'1G' 3 "##&2 #!"1F***>#$%&12&45&' 3.56 F#!"T'Ge '1F***>#$%&2&45&' 3.54 F*>#$%&Gf(#1GP'4&45&' 3.48 '4 # G" 2 T'&'"#45&'1G' F#'!&
2**>#$%&1F*245&' 3.39 #4'!&
1F*245&' 3.35
# ( 6 6@* + 0C#((, 0D # 2 # 2.8. 2543
+ 0C#((, 0D #2 #
2.8. 2543
x S.D.
!
!4
1. !"#$%&&&'#g'
Z&G Z!*4^ 2 3.55 .83 2. !"#$%&F"4Z&1F**
2 3.64 1.00
3. !"#$%&FGf$4'&2'G#
+"4Z& 3.55 1.04 4. !"#$%&F%+*
GY#*12 3.55 1.05
5. !"#$%&FG '(*%TG"G
!"#$%&12 3.56 1.06 3!* 3.57 1.00
42
* 6 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&
&F"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%&+..2543 T''4 #&45&'!& 3.57 +)GP'+4 '4 #!(
T'&'45&'1G' 3 ###&2 "4Z&1F**2 45&'!& 3.64 G '(*%TG"G!"#$%&1245&'!& 3.56 % +*45&'!& 3.55 GY#*1245&'!& 3.56
1# #2 # 2.8.2543
# ( 7 6@*)6*(# H!4 * !1# #2 # 2.8.2543 3!* )0D *
, !1# #2 #
2.8. 2543 1! 0( * *1!
x S.D. !!4
1. !"#$%&'#"()#* !"#$%&*
+... #$%& +.. 2543 27 55 40 6 3 3.74 .92
2. !"#$%&'#!& !"#$%&*&()(R14*"4
G$$*&!#$%&!&'!4 44 52 26 9 1 3.98 .94
3. !"#$%&'#"!(! &'S(
"()#* !"#$%&* +... #$%&
+.. 2543
17 35 55 18 7 3.28 1.03 G
4. !"#$%&'# ' (8 G[)G#G&'*
GP &()#** +...#$%& +..2543 17 38 56 10 10 3.31 1.04 G
5. !"#$%&'#"*4(CPD) 3 G[
" 27 %#T %#$%&'4*"G[ 6 %#T
^ 9 %#T 10 47 48 16 11 3.22 1.04 G
6. !"#$%&'#2! &'GP !"#$%& 36 54 24 4 5 3.91 .99
3!* - - - - - 3.57 .99
44
* 7 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&&
&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+...#$%& +..2543 T''4 # 45&' 3.57 +)'+4 '4 # 3 T'&'"#45&'1G ' !"#$%&*&()(R14*"4G$$*&&45&' 3.98 2! &'GP !"
#$%& &45&' 3.91 '#"()#* !"#$%&*+...#$%&
+..2543 &45&' 3.74 '4 #G" 4 T'&'"#45&' 1G' ' (8 G[) G#G&'*GP &()#** +...#$%&
+..2543 &45&' 3.31 "!(! &'S("()#* !"
#$%&* +...#$%& +..2543 &45&' 3.28 "*4 (CPD) 3 G[ " 27 %#T %#$%&'4*"G[ 6 %#T ^ 9 %#T&45&' 3.22
2.8.2543 3!* )0D * !1# # ,
2 # 2.8. 2543 1!
0
( * * 1!
x S.D. !
!4 1. !"#$%&F#'!&2
**>#$%&1F*2 14 44 60 8 6 3.39 .92 G
2. !"#$%&F'1 +
#!" 15 46 55 10 6 3.41 .95
3. !"#$%&F#4'!&
1F*2 14 42 59 11 6 3.35 .94 G
4. !"#$%&F#!"1F*
**>#$%&12 17 61 39 10 5 3.56 .94 G
5. !"#$%&F#!"T'Ge ' 1F***>#$%&
2
18 56 43 10 5 3.54 .95 G
6. !"#$%&F*>#$%&
Gf(#1GP'4& 12 53 55 8 3 3.48 .83
3!* - - - 3.46 .92
46
* 8 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(& &'#
"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 T''4 #
&45&' 3.46 '4 #" 4 T'&'"#45&'1G' 3 "#
#&2 #!"1F***>#$%&12&45&' 3.56 F#!"
T'Ge '1F***>#$%&2&45&' 3.54 F
*>#$%&Gf(#1GP'4&45&' 3.48 '4 #G"
2 T'&'"#45&'1G' F#'!&2**>
#$%&1F*245&' 3.39 #4'!&1F*2 45&' 3.35
#2 # 2.8.2543 3!* )0D *
, !1#
#2 # 2.8.2543 1!
0
( * * 1!
x S.D. !
!4 1. !"#$%&&&'#g'
Z&G Z!*4 ^ 2 14 44 60 8 6 3.39 .92
2. !"#$%&F"4Z&1F**
2 15 46 55 10 6 3.41 .95
3. !"#$%&FGf$4'&2'G#
+"4Z&
14 42 59 11 6 3.35 .94 G
4. !"#$%&F%+*
GY#*12 17 61 39 10 5 3.56 .94
5. !"#$%&FG '(*%TG"G
!"#$%&12 18 56 43 10 5 3.54 .95
12 53 55 8 3 3.48 .83
3!* - - - 3.46 .92
48
* 9 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&
&F"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%&+..2543 T''4 # &45&' 3.46 '4 #" 4 T'&'"#45&' 1G' 3 "##&2 #!"1F***>#$%&12&45&' 3.56 F#!"T'Ge '1F***>#$%&2&45&' 3.54 F*>#$%&Gf(#1GP'4&45&' 3.48 '4 # G " 2 T'&'"#45&'1G' F#'!&2
**>#$%&1F*245&' 3.39 #4'!&1 F*245&' 3.35
0 **!4 ),( * ! 1# #2. .. 2.8.2543 3!* ) *(
,(! 1(2 ),(!1 28 *1 ! 8< */!@*#6
!5 0 )(, (!
# ( 10 0 **!4* !1# #2. ..
2.8.2543 3!* ) * ( ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 28#6(
28* 28(
!1# #
2 # 2.8.2543 x S.D. x S.D. t p 1. !"#$%&'#"
()#* !"#$%&* +...
#$%& +..2543
4.06 .84 3.57 .92 3.109 .002*
2. !"#$%&'#!& !"#$%&
*&()(R14*"4G$$*&!
#$%&!&'!4
4.26 .82 3.84 .96 2.441 .016*
3. !"#$%&'#"!(
! &'S("
()#* !"#$%&*+...
#$%& +..2543
3.25 .95 3.32 1.05 -454 .650
2 # 2.8.2543 x S.D. x S.D. t p 4. !"#$%&'# ' (8 G[)
G#G&'*GP &
()#** +...#$%&
+..2543
3.54 .92 3.25 1.09 1.256 .211
5. !"#$%&'#"
*4 (CPD) 3 G[
" 27 %#T %#$%&
'4*"G[ 6 %#T ^ 9 %#T
3.26 1.06 3.18 1.06 .179 .858
6. !"#$%&'#2! &'
GP !"#$%& 4.17 .95 3.80 .99 1.858 .066 3!* 3.75 0.92 3.49 1.01 1.40 0.30
*&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
* 10 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&+%'
&'&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%&
+..2543 '#!& !"#$%&*&()(R14*"4G$$*&!#$%&
!&'!44+$'4&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
50
# ( 11 0 **!4* !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 3!* ) * ( ,(!
1(2 ),(!1 28#6(
28* 28(
!1# #
2 # 2.8.2543 x S.D. x S.D. t p 1. !"#$%&F#'
!&2 **>#$%&
1F*2
3.26 .92 3.45 .92 -1.051 .295 2. !"#$%&F'1
+ #!" 3.44 1.00 3.39 .93 .242 .809 3. !"#$%&F#4'
!&1F*2 3.29 .96 3.38 .94 -.517 .606 4. !"#$%&F#!"1
F***>#$%&1 2
3.61 .92 3.54 .95 .339 .735 5. !"#$%&F#!"
T'Ge '1F**
*>#$%&2
3.56 .91 3.54 .95 .125 .901 6. !"#$%&F*>
#$%&Gf(#1GP'4& 3.65 .82 3.40 .83 1.654 .101 3!* 3.46 .92 3.45 0.92 0.132 0.57
* 11 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(& +%' +$&&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%&
+..2543 T' '14**4#
2.8.2543 3!* ) * ( ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 28#6(
28* 28(
!1#
#2 #
2.8.2543 x S.D. x S.D. t p 1. !"#$%&&&'#
g' Z&G Z!
*4^ 2
3.58 .805 3.53 .847 .299 .766 2. !"#$%&&'#"
4Z&1F**2 3.41 1.139 3.74 .926 -1.774 .078 3. !"#$%&Gf$
4'&2'G#+
"4Z&
3.24 1.139 3.69 .95 -2.34 .021*
4. !"#$%&%
+*GY#*
12
3.21 1.15 3.70 .98 -.247 .014*
5. !"#$%& F G '(*%TG"G !"#$%&12
3.34 1.15 3.67 1.00 1.665 .098 3!* 3.356 1.0766 3.666 0.9406 -0.4794 .195
*&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
* 12 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&+$
&&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543
&'#"4Z&1F**2 Gf$4'&2'G#+
"4Z&4+%''4&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
52
# ( 13 0 **!4 * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 *1 )##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8.2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p 1. !"#$%&'#"
()#* !"#$%&*
+... #$%& +..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 127
3.828 105.347
1.276 .830
1.538 .208
2. !"#$%&'#!& !"
#$%&*&()(R14*"4 G$$*&!#$%&
!&'!4
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.271 114.661
.090 .896
.101 .959
3. !"#$%&'#"
!(! &'S(
"()#* !"#$%&
* +...#$%& +..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
3.70 134.929
1.233 1.054
1.170 .324
4. !"#$%&'# ' (8 G[)G#G&'*
GP &()#** +...
#$%& +..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.482 141.636
.494 1.103
.448 .719
5. !"#$%&'#"
*4(CPD) 3 G[
" 27 %#T %#$%&
'4*"G[ 6 %#T ^ 9 %#T
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
4.987 135.642
1.662 .976
1.569 .200
5. !"#$%&'#2 ! &'GP !"#$%&
4(4 Z'(4
3 119
3.885 116.131
1.295
.976 1.327 .269 3!* 4(4
Z'(4 3 128
.700 68.375
.233
.534 .437 .727
*4#&&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%&
+..2543 T' '14**4#
# ( 14 0 **, * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 *1 )##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8.2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p 1. !"#$%&F#
'!&2*
*>#$%&1F*
2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.661 110.855
.220 .866
.254 .858
2. !"#$%&F' 1 + #!"
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.537 116.372
.512
.909 .563 .640 3. !"#$%&F#4
'!&
1F*2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.353 114.913
.451
.898 .502 .681 4. !"#$%&F#!"
1F**
*>#$%&12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
2.301 114.085
.767
.891 .861 .464 5. !"#$%&F#!"
T'Ge ' 1F**
*>#$%&2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.066 117.661
.355 .706
.387 .763
6. !"#$%&F *>#$%&Gf(#
1GP'4&
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.076 89.626
.359
.706 .508 .677
3!* 4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.729 93.818
.243
.733 .332 .802
54
* 14 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&!&&'(
*4# &&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..
2543 T' '14**4#
# ( 15 0 ** + * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 *1 )##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8.2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p
1. !"#$%&&
&'#g' Z&
G Z!*4^ 2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.696 88.933
.565
.695 .814 .489 2. !"#$%&F"4
Z&1F**
2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
8.816 123.449
2.939
.964 3.047 .031*
3. !"#$%&F Gf$4' &2'G#+
"4Z&
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
5.715 134.914
1.905 1.054
1.807 .149
4. !"#$%&F%
+*
GY#*12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
5.715 140.914
1.905
1.101 1.730 .164 5. !"#$%&F
G '(*%TG "G!"#$%&
12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
2.848 143.539
.949 1.121
.847 .471
3!* 4(4 Z'(4
3 128
4.216 105.336
1.405
.823 1.708 .168
*&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
*4# &&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..
2543 "4Z&**4#'4&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
# ( 16 0 ** *6(,* !1#
#2 # 2.8.2543 ( *1)##6(
,(! 1(2 ),(!1 5( 6(Q
*1 #6 30 0R 30 - 400R 41- 50 0R 6 50 0R
x
4.2941 3.6182 3.5000 3.4375#6 30 0R 4.2941 - .014* .005* .014*
30 S 40 0R 3.6182 - .553 0.518 41- 50 0R 3.5000 -
6 50 0R 3.4375
*&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
* 16 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&!&&'(
*"4 30 G[ &F"4Z&**4 !"#$%&!&&'( 30-40 G[ 41-50 G[
!"#$%&!&&'(4 5 G['4&#'"#$!F*!& # 0.05
56
# ( 17 0 **!4 * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 1; 8<)##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8.2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p 1. !"#$%&'#
"()#* !"
#$%&*+...#$%&
+..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 127
.692 108.484
.231 .854
.270 .847
2. !"#$%&'#
!& !"#$%&*&()(R14 *"4G$$*&!
#$%&!&'!4
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.327 113.605
.442 .888
.498 .684
3. !"#$%&'#
"!(! &' S("()#*
!"#$%&* +...
#$%& +..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.709 136.920
.570 1.070
.532 .661
4. !"#$%&'# ' (8 G[)G#G&' *GP &()#**
*+...#$%&+..2543
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
5.428 137.209
1.809 1.072
1.688 .173
4. !"#$%&'#
"*4(CPD) 3 G[ " 27 %#T %#$%&'4*"G[
6 %#T ^ 9 %#T
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.058 139.570
.353 1.090
.324 .808
5. !"#$%&'#2 ! &'GP !"#$%&
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
3.863 116.153
1.288
.976 1.319 .271 3!* 4(4
Z'(4 3 128
.740 68.335
.247
.534 .462 .709
(R*4#&&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*
#$%& +..2543 T' '14**4#
# ( 18 0 **, * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 1; 8<)##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8. 2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p 1. !"#$%&F#'
!&2**>
#$%&1F*2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.290 111.226
.097
.869 .111 .953 2. !"#$%&F'
1 + #!"
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.284 117.625
.095
.919 .103 .958 3. !"#$%&F#4
'!&
1F*2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.195 116.070
.065
.907 .072 .975 4. !"#$%&F#!"
1F**
*>#$%&12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.236 116.151
.079
.907 .087 .967 5. !"#$%&F#!"
T'Ge ' 1F**
*>#$%&2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.152 118.575
.051 .926
.055 .983
6. !"#$%&F *>#$%&
Gf(#1GP'4&
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.999 89.703
.333
.706 .472 .703
3!* 4(4 Z'(4
3 128
.083 94.465
.028
.738 .037 .990
58
* 18 +4 !"#$%& G&'!&' !"#$%&&'#
"()#* !"#$%&*+...#$%&+..2543 ##(!+ ##
!(& !&&(R**4#!&&(R*4#&&'#"
()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*#$%& +..2543 T' '14**4#
# ( 19 0 ** + * !1#
#2. .. 2.8.2543 ,(! 1(2 ),(!1 1; 8<)##6(
!1#
#2 # 2.8. 2543
)6((
)0 0
df SS MS F p 1. !"#$%&&&'#
g' Z&
G Z!*4 ^ 2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.079 89.550
.360
.700 .514 .673 2. !"#$%&F"4Z&
1F**2
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
2.752 129.513
.917
1.012 .907 .440 3. !"#$%&FGf$
4'&2'G#+
"4Z&
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.253 139.376
.418
1.089 .384 .765 4. !"#$%&F%
+*GY#*
12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
2.074 144.554
.691
1.129 .612 .608 5. !"#$%&FG '(*
%TG"G !"#$%&12
4(4 Z'(4
3 128
2.048 144.339
.683
1.128 .605 .613
3!* 4(4 Z'(4
3 128
1.462 108.091
.487
.844 .577 .631
*!& 19 +4 !"#$%&##(!+ ##!(&!&&
(R*4#&&'#"()#* !"#$%&*+ %#$$#*
#$%& +..2543 T' '14**4#