!"#" $"%&' ()*"
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY OF EMPLOYEE IN RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT ,
KING CHULALONGKORN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL B(" "'
BUNCHAI NITTAYASUPAPORN
CC#DEFGHIGJ
"I'K (%)"J"
""'KIGJ)C%)
""I#
LIGJ 2555
IGJEOH !"#" $"%&' ()*" #PEOHEF Q#H%R QCB%C#H# QH#H
%C# ""
IGJCQP#% 157 B EFEIB % 104 )EF C" 66.20 " 35 LGD* % 58 )EFC" 36.94 P$)
% 82 )EFC" 52.23 )IGJBB# % 99 )EFC" 63.06
" 15 LGD* % 55 )EFC" 35.03 QEE)O 15,001- 20,000 % 54 )EFC" 34.39 # ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"BP#H) .05 EOH%'")C )CCG# ] !"#"
$"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"BP#H) .05 Q)C)^# ] !"
#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"BP#H ).05Q)CEOH# ] !"
#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "*#"BP
#H) .05
"J"POEF_%%"#HB #H%(")CP)E%
C# QE`%Ea"*)C )D#H%EC("R C#)E"# D %CEF#H#C PQ C'C EOHCP)E%CEa"
%GE#"EO"#H#I D"EFH#HCJ QEEHE"HE EOHRC#P#HE C"" #HCBE#"#H#C P*)C"
E)` "ECBE#""#H#D* 'E)#"C
#"b)C EOH#H% )EO c QREC)Q C BE#"EQ$"( (] (, 2540 : 1)
EOH%EF_%%"#H*P#H]EOEOH%*)CE EOH%#CG #C )D#H%]CI"
CB% QCE)GD"
)DHB#HC"E O %CQ%%QEC E)*)C"* Q%"*C""
QC#H%E"E`P] EOHC P QEa"#H) 'E)#"`C#H%)J*CgGHEF ( )D#H#%]C*)C"
# h#H*G) QP#H%]C*)C
"#H" (B BJ, 2539 : 2)
!"#" $"%&' ()*" Ei))EDQL .I. 2457 #
%DD% 258 $)"QEF 3 O 1. #"%j"
2. #JQE`"
3. E(IE#"
%)E"C !"#" *)C b " E(
C)#E))$" E%CC#H)#E) kk Q)CE`PGO
% #H%RQCC)##H)
"E 2 L#H $"#$""#H%Ei)CQ#"C" 3 "C !"#"CE#"#H%Q #D"#
_B%)QE%CC#H CCGDE) Q"*P Ei)Q*)C# (##HP#GD C*# E) _B**"$"E(GDEF" b C"%E`*PG _B)C#H%
%(" !"#"EOHRC "E# 3 L CC%#EHEOHO#%j"#' 30 EOH '#H_%%#H EF#E#% 58 C#"%j")"C" 30 O L10 Q"*#C)EC !"#" CCC#
C"CIGJ#EEOHEFQ%%EC !"#
" $"%&' ()*" Q'#H"*#CECD
#H""Q(CC)QC "#Q#H%*"$"
E( OEE)#*C"
CIGJ%G#%#H%IGJ Q !"#" $"%&' ()*"
P'_%% EOH%EFH#H%CP)E%*)C"EOHEOH aH* !"QEOHECQ%%C EC !"#" $"%&' ()*"
!"#!$
1. EOHIGJ) Q) ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"
2. EOHIGJ ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"
!% !"#!$
EF #H)# EFCG"
QQla Q"" C#H%EQ"Q%C )#GD QCE`%Ea"#H)C"I % EOH E`%"C)C" CE)H *)CQ#H)# EFCBQ%QE)Q%%
*'(##H)# gGH#H#'(##H)#"CCE)
#H)#E( Q%"
] !"#"$"%&' ()*" %IGJ%G P)Q)IGJ*)C)#D
•
• !"#$#"%
&"' &
!$
• ($#)*+%, -&
+
• .%/0-&
• .%0
• .%
%& !"#!$
# ] !"
#" $"%&' ()*"
!"#!$
IGJEOH h]
!"#" $"%&' ()*" "EE`C
"(E)O .I. 2555
'( )* !"#!$!*
1. -.!/!
1.1 EFGH E(OHHQ" Ea" Q"
1.2 #E`%#H%(C""]EOH"E`#H 1.3 #P#H% *CgGHEF(*
2. %1%2/ !3%%
2.1 )C' 2.2 )C' 2.3 )CE
4)'(56*
1.PIGJ#H*)C(CEFQ)$""Q #b#H
%C EOH)G))QJ#H)#*C
2.PIGJ#H*)C(CEFQ)$""Q #b#H
%EOHEH #H)#"HGD
3.EOHIGJ*EFQ)$"" QEOHR ]"EOH*
IGJ h]
!"#" $"%&' ()*" D#D*)C IGJQ) hJ]#Q%"#HE#H"C b gGHP*)C)#D
#H 1 Q) hJm#E#H"
#H 2 Q) hJm#E#H" ]
#H 3 %"#HE#H"C
1.1 "
#("*)CC" " *C"
% QIQ E(
E() (Sheldon, 1971 : 143-150 C I' ', 2542 : 5) C"
"PG IC] gGHE(OH$"
EFE)CQ#(C""EOHC
%)"
( (Buchanan, 1974 : 533-546 C E`B $I, 2533 : 14) "*C EFCGEFE)#" #H#Ea"Q"
Q]E EOHCEa"Q"
EQ' (Porter et al., 1974 : 604) C"
EF #HQ)PGE(OH$"D) Q "*PG G%EFECC#HEF EJ'Q#HE#H"C]C
E#" (Steers, 1977 : 46-75) "PG CG (EFGH #E`% E#"$"(EOH Q
P#H%EF(D)* %#D"EF(#D
J'GH
EQEE" (Allen and Meyer, 1990 : 710-720) #H#
%#J'EF#H" *%EF"* HE E a"J Q#Ea"
# # (2540 : 20) *)C" D $)"ECh#H Q)(D HEhEOH(#
`%#Q)h
$ ") (2533 : 14) "*C "PG #H(
#QgOH"QEa" "
QEFGH )%QQ#H%EF(*C 1.2 -.!/!
(Organization commitment) EF_%%"B#H%C P*)C EOH%C]#H# %EFC#H")##H%
IQ" Q% EOH]C#HC)##H) Q)#C#H#
C"O*#E" gGH#H%E)*)C`EOH%)"(*)C
% %GEFC#HC#H%""CI#H)#
EOHC(""#' )C"CC(E) D#DEOH$"()%*)CE)Q Q"*)C#("*)CPG B*C)#D
( (Buchanan, 1974 : 533-546 C E`B $I, 2533 : 16) E`
EFI#HB"H*%EFQ) EEF
E(OH%J"%)" CC]#CGEF E%C QEFC#ECQEF"#H)# D(")
%"#)C" )D $)"QCEFEOH*C
#HE`% B")Q#
E)(JC"#H)#D #%EF )E #H# P #E#H"CCG)(Q I EOHEODC"#HP]**)C
1.3 !55'('--.!/!
EE"QE (Meyer and Allen, 1997 : 57-75) *)CPG )C" 3 )#D
1. )CCG (Affective commitment) "PG #H E)GD%CG" EFCGQEFGHE)#"
CGEFGH E`%#H%EQIC
2. )CEOH (Continuance commitment) "PG
#HE)GD %)'#H"OD^#HC QQ#H*)C% $)"%Q)hEOH
%"D*O%$""C"E#H"Q#H
3. )C)^ (Normative commitment) "PG CG#HE)GD%"O)^ EFCG#HE)GDEOH QH#H*)C% Q)%)#
1.4 %9$:'-.!/!
#HE%CC#H%E) #CGEFGH
C#H%IQEC*)C`EOHD*)C%
)C b %GCCH%% b EOHC(Q gGH#Q*D)C)Qh
hJm##HE#H"C *)CQ
1. hJm#*g)-E (Side-bet theory) EE (Becker, 1960 : 32-42 C $
"), 2533 : 18) *)CChJm#*g)-E Side-bet theory $)"R%
IGJQ)E(QE#H"O#HE#" #E- $E( (Reward-cost notation) gGHB#HE*C`O Q)#H "PGE#HE)H) HGH EFED*)C (Side-bet) HD b *C EjD PCE*#
HD* `%CBE#" *C %GEF#HC$)"*#
EOEFOH )B%Q"EEF B O 'H#H*%#GD"E#H*)CE#"*EOH D b E( Q" #HE) `%E)
" #H%*)C%%CGDED EE)O ) Q
%C#H OH)#H*)CI"Q% )D #H"
")%#H%%*)C#H"* EE%
%'%`E E#H*)C*C"%BE#"*
)C" gGH%% *C$"(#H *)C%"
2. hJm#CE (Cooper, 1958 : 31-33) PG C
*C" *)CQ #HE% '#H)#
%CEE)O#H" $CCC#H #H)# D(H$
#HE QP#H#H#HE )* D) OH b CB(#HEC% $)"Ej""HEF#HE
""PO
2. %9$:'!'(!%1%2/ !3%%
2.1 %!'(!%1%2/ !3%%
] (Efficiency) "PG ] (Performance) O EOH#]#H)# `PO# QC ]#H*)# `PO# H gGH"$)"
D #CC"b )#D
g# (Herbert A. Simon) (() B%. 2541:11-12) *)CCIE#H"
E( %E#H"EOH% $)"%')#
)D)% _%%"EC (Input) (Output) gGH
P*)C E)C"_%%"ECDE QPCEF(
CG%((C")C" %E#")#D E( : E = (O - I)
( : E = (O - I) + S
E = (efficiency) O = O#H*)C (output)
I = _%%"ECO"#H(C* (input) S = G%#H (satisfaction)
#E Q Q (Peterson and Plowman) () ($ #. 2542 :5) *)C PG" )C %""Q
"PG )C Q""C"PG '#
(Quality of effectiveness) QP (Competence andcapability) )E)C %%PO# )D `EOHPCO 'Q'#HC"E QCC"#H) EOHGPGP'QC )CE#H#" )DQ) )C %#H#DgGH#
4 O 1. C (Cost) 2. ' (Quality) 3. ' (Quantity)
4. # (Method)
) (Barnard. 1972 : 146) *)C " )E#HCE) D O)ECEF*) )E#HE)GD$)"*#
)D *#B
(" J (2541 : 30) # "PG #P P#C" QHHE`*C"EOH""*
QEOHE*CP'#H%E)h'%"*)C)C" %#DQC (" J "*)C)(#"#H*)C(#DCE`PGQ (Organizational effectiveness) Q (Organizational efficiency) *C "PG E`%#HP)E%
CC* QPEa"b #HD*C "PG E#"E#" "#H(C#H*)C%)#GD"* Q* '#H Ea"
" EH (2541 : 2) PG "PG )Q PE`% OEa" OPEQ
%# (2550 : 47) *)C "PG ]
(Efficiency)"PG ]O)ECEF*Ea"#H*CO*)C E`%$)"(CEQ"#H)*C O(C"EE) E(
P PC Q)E`E#H)*CQ] D E`%E`%D EQ%)"% QC" )C *C 5 '# O
1. (C_%%" (Input) EE) *)C (Output) EHGD 2. (C_%%" (Input) ) *)C (Output) EE) 3. (CP)EHGD 5% CEHGD 5%
4. (CE EE) *)C/ EHGD 5. (CE ) *)C/ EE) 2.2 9$:'!'(!%1%2/
hJm# (Organization theory) gGHEFIGJQQ #H#
Q#H# (Efficiency) CE) (Effectiveness) gGH C"(CC# # )#D
1. Q)C (Organization environment)
2. EIQ)%EO (Information processing and\Choices)
3. QE#H"Q (Adaptation and change) 4. Ea" (Goals)
5. ()#H%CEa"E`% (Work) 6. Q (Organization design)
7. )QggC (Size and complexity) 8. R (Organization culture)
9. %QC#H (Power and authority)
g#Q' ((I) (. 2541 : 81; C% Zaleanick and others.
1958.Motivation Productivity and Satisfaction of Workers. p.142) *)C %]
C*)C)#O*D C]%C*)CCD"Q"
(Externaland internal need) gGH*)CQC""PG]*)C"#
2.8 %5'(!'(*
2.8.1 %5 "
^ I (2550) *)CIGJEOH _%%"#HCE%CC#HE)
$"% E% %)E" E`C% E%CC#H#H"
$"% D)% 121 $)"(CQP Q'_%%"#H CE) 3 )CO )C'(# )CR Q)C C QCC#H*)CE$)"(C$QE CE`% *)CQ P#HC"
Ej#H" ) $)"(C T-test , F-test IGJ BEFEIB
" 21-30 L %IGJ) BB# Q" "E1-5 L Q#"*)CE)O H 10,000 #_%%"#HCE))CD)C '(# )CR )C"QH )CIEOH )CQ )CR Q)CC ")
$)"" ) EI Q "*)CE)O #Q _%%"#HCE) "#"BP#H) 0.05 " )IGJ Q"*#"BP
P I (2552) *)CIGJEOH "
I"I#R 'Q"I ""E(#" E`C%
" I"I#R 'Q"I ""E(#"
% 121 EOHO#H(CE`CEFQPQ)C"E P#H(CEC )C" P#H C" Ej#H" Q%Q%Q#
EQ Q) Q)C"E P)P"QEC IGJ "I"I#R 'Q"
I ""E(#" BEFEIB #"*E 30 L P$)
%IGJ)BB#O #"C"OE 5 L]
!"%) #"*)CE)O 10,001 15,000 $)"Ej#H"") %%' D 3 )C%*C" #)CE QjEj ") )CH ") _%%"#HCE)E#"# %*C"
*)CQ _%%")CH% O_%%")CCB CC Q_%%")C"IC) $)"EO_%%"#HCE) # "#"BP#H )C" 0.05 "EC_%%")CCBCC #H*#
)CjEj"#"BP#H ) 0.05
2.8.2 %5"
Q' (Hall et al., 1972) *)CIGJPG"$
Q!*CE gGHEF#H(CED)O$)"B (#" #H#J'E)#"D E"#H#J'EF ((#QE)#") ]EF"E%CE)EC%
gGHPOEFGH#HCE)
( (Buchanan, 1974) *)CIGJE#"E#"C E(Q^ Q(#DCE`QJ'#HEF"#H)##H)PG ) O $ (Seniority) O"EC HE O D(#"`"H#EF)
QE%QE#H (Angle and Perry , 1981) IGJ ) $)"ECB)]
(#HIGJ EFCJP% %24 Q E %" CB#Q$C%#C("
g%#QQEg (Sagie and Elzur, 1984 C (' #', 2549) ")C b JQGHEIE ")Ch )CCC(C _BB Q)C# # )"#
"B
%1'%!"#!$
IGJEOH !"#" $"%&' ()*" #PEOHIGJ !"#" $"%&' ()*" %Q J'(I #DQ #)E%")*#D
3.1 (Q"
3.2 Q#H(C%"
3.3 EOHO#H(C%"
3.4 DCQREOHO 3.5 E`C
3.6 EC
3.7 P#H(CEC
3.1 )!!
3.1.1 (#H(C%" *)CQ )#H] !"#
" $"%&' ()*" #% 258
3.1.2 "#H(C%" *)CQ ) #H] !"#
" $"%&' ()*" $)"(C"E (Yamane, 1973 : 125 C " *"', 2548 : 79) )EOH#H .05 )*#D
N 1 + Ne2
$)"#H n = %"
N = %(D)#H(CIGJ e = )EOH" (0.05)
%" = 258 1 + 258 ( 0.05 )
= 156.84
3.2 '( )* !%5
QC *)CQ )C" )CCG )CEOH Q)C)^
Q *)CQ !"#" $"
%&' ()*" )C" )C' )C' Q)CE
3.3 <(<'( )* !%5
EOHO#H(C%"D#D O QP EOHIGJ Q !"#" $"%&' ()*" $)"#$CQP
3.4 DCQREOHO
3.4.1 EH%IGJCC% E Q%"#HE#H"C 3.4.2 QPE%"#HGJ
3.5 !!>*.
E`C%"D#D #D)*#D
3.5.1 C%"O% ""I# "B* PGC !"
#" $"%&' ()*" EOHEQ O E`C
3.5.2 !"#" $"%&' ()*" EFC)E Q%QPC $)")ECC%"*QP#HE`%E#"C"QCO
3.5.3 EOHPG#H)E`C CIGJE`CE
3.5.4 CIGJ%PCQ' )Q"QP#H*
' %Q
3.5.5 QP#H#'GQ%CQE'K#H )*C
-!"#!$
%"EOH !"#" $"%&' ()*" #PEOHIGJ) Q) ] !"#"
$"%&' ()*" QIGJ ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"
gGHP%"*)C)#D
1. CQP#% 157 B EFEIB % 104 )EF C" 66.20 " 35 LGD* % 58 )EFC" 36.94 P$) % 82 )EFC" 52.23 )IGJBB# % 99 )EFC" 63.06 "
15 LGD* % 55 )EFC" 35.03 QEE)O 15,001-20,000 % 54 )EFC" 34.39
2. )E%CC#H )CCG#"
) #Ej#H" 3.84 (S.D. 0.50) EOH%'"C C#H 3 CG%#H*)C
" !"#" ..%&' ()*"#E) #Ej#H" 4.19 S.D. 0.61) )CEOH#") #Ej#H" 3.98 (S.D. 0.41) EOH%'"C C#H 6 EOH*)C" %ECH"E`#HD#E ) #Ej#H" 4.20 (S.D. 0.59) )C)^ #") #Ej#H"
3.68 (S.D. 0.45 ) EOH%'"C C#H 15 %#H%COH"
#H !"#" ..%&' ()*"#E) #Ej#H" 4.17 (S.D. 0.69)
3. ) E%CC#H)C' #
") #Ej#H" 3.94 (S.D. 0.42) EOH%'"C C#H 13 P")(C%"C*)C E(i)*lEOHE(C kk#E) # Ej#H" 4.21 (S.D. 0.57) )C' #") #Ej#H" 3.76 (S.D. 0.68) EOH
%'"C C#H 8 )"#R#H)#GD #'#H EOHE#"E#"(EE)#"#E) #Ej#H" 3.91 (S.D. 0.69) Q)CE #") #Ej#H" 3.83 (S.D. 0.62) EOH%'"C C#H 10 P]CE`% $)"(CEC")##E) #Ej#H" 3.90 (S.D. 0.69)
4. # ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"BP
#H) .05 EOH%'")C )CCGQ)C)^#
] !"#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"BP#H) .05 Q)CEOH#
] !"#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "*#"BP#H) .05
2%-!"#!$
1. )E%CC#H )CCG#") # Ej#H" 3.84 (S.D. 0.50) EOH%'"C C#H 3 CG%#H*)C"
!"#" ..%&' ()*"#E) #Ej#H" 4.19 (S.D. 0.61) )C EQEE" (Allen and Meyer, 1990 : 710-720) #H#
%#J'EF#H" *%EF"* HE E a"J Q#Ea" Q $ "
) (2533 : 14) "*C "PG #H(#
QgOH"QEa" " QEF GH )%QQ#H%EF(*C gGH)C
%" ' EI (2549) IGJEOH*lla B #Q)C"
) %CE)%)# EEOH QI 2. # ] !"#" $"%&' ()*"IE)#" "#"B P#H) .05 gGH" "H#%C
"HGD QPC#C"%C C")C" gGH%
E#HE#H"CE#" (Steer, 1977 : 46-75) "EF (#DPG gGH)C%"EQ' (Porter et al., 1974 : 604) #H EF #HQ)PGE(OH$"D) Q "*PGG%EF ECC#HEFEJ'Q#HE#H"C]C Q()
) (2545 : )") *)CIGJ G%
I#" " %) (() %)E(#" %"
_%%"#H# O _%%")CQ)C ] )C' )C Q)C$"(Q
* !-!"#!$6 )*
1. ECE%CC#H*)CQ))E`QQQ$""
)E !"#" ..%&' ()*" EOHCE%CC#HE)EC%
$"")E !"#" C)EEF*)C"E#"C"Q E`%*)C"HGD EOH%EQP "D#H*E`
)C"$"")E !"#" ..%&' ()*"#Ej#H"
)E`)
2. EC#)E$#H("CE%CC#H*)CC%
Q !"#" EOH%EQP
*#CGEEFGH !"#" ..%&' ()*"#Ej#H"
)E`)
3. EC#%)$E#" EOHCE%CC#HE)C"
]C#HOHb EFC#%)( !"#" $"%&' ()
*"EF%E)O EOHEi)$CE%CC*)CQ))E` QE#H"E#"C CD"_BQ#HE)GD %CE%CC#HQ#$
E E_B#HE)GD DC*)CCPG_B#HE)GD EI*(C%)
$ cb EOHQC_B ORC)#"HGD
4. EC#)E$%"EOH E( %)P#H#H EHE EOHEC#H)#QE%CC#H PG%)$' P#H)" E !"#" $"%&' ()*" #E#H"
%#gGHEF"QC#H#*)C )D #%)""HE Q#gCP'jEj)C" #DEC#%#HC#CGEFGH E)#" OEF%#HE)C#EH"HGD E
%C]C#H*)C)#"HGD # "HGD #H%
E %CE)E`%]"HGD
5. EOHEFC '#D !"*)C$CQ%%
Q JE%CC#H #H#E#"$""C" O**""E( $)"
CQ%%CIGJ#E)C"CIGJ"C 2 L EOHC IGJ#%#H% !"#" $"%&' ()*"
%#D""OHCECGDE((#)QC*)CE#"E"
Q)'CC#H)C"