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Contrasting Thai male and female attitude towards day spa service quality in Bangkok: An important-performance analysis approach.

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Nguyễn Gia Hào

Academic year: 2023

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CONTRASTING THAI MALE AND FEMALE ATTITUDES TOWARDS DAY SPA SERVICE QUALITY IN BANGKOK: A KEY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS APPROACH. Industrial and production systems engineering). CONTRASTING THAI MALE AND FEMALE ATTITUDES TOWARDS DAY SPA SERVICE QUALITY IN BANGKOK: A KEY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS APPROACH.

Table  Page
Table Page

LIST FIGURES

INTRODUCTION

  • Background
  • Research questions
  • Research objectives
  • Scope of the research
  • Research Framework
  • Research Hypothesis
  • Research contribution

There is a difference in the attitudes of men and women regarding important attributes of day spa service quality. There is a difference in the attitude of men and women regarding the quality of day spa services.

Figure 1.1  Research framework
Figure 1.1 Research framework

LITERATURE REVIEW

The meaning and origin of spa

In the 1900s, The European resort spa was built with a focus on the elite, the rich and famous who escaped hot cities to the pastoral countryside. In the 2000s, the spa has become more than the cure of taking the water or only part of the medical treatment, but also the combination of relaxation, the value of disease prevention and healthy lifestyle.

The history of spa in Thailand

Since 1999, the Thai spa has been in the top 5 of the world rankings and in the period 2001-2003, the growth of the spa industry in Thailand has reached 64 percent. In addition, the Thai Spa Association and the Thai Spa Operators Association were established as the key private sectors to promote and develop the spa industry in Thailand.

Types of spa

Their revenues would probably be less than the hotel spas with the higher number of day spas and the different target segment. The day spas had played an important role in sustaining the growth of the spa business in Thailand.

The classification of spa treatment and services

Health spa operators refer to the spa that focuses on care and strengthening health. Beauty massage operators refer to the additional services such as massage at a particular place, such as a beauty parlor or salon, for the purpose of beautification.

Benefit segmentation/Motivation theories

They also grouped the customers into three segments of spa goers which are escapists, neutralists and hedonists. Sinee Sankrusme (2012) suggested that the purpose of the foreign spa-goers in Thailand was to relieve pain in their muscles.

Importance – Performance Analysis

Most recently, a study conducted by Ivana Blešić, Jovanka Popov-Raljić, LenkoUravić, UglješaStankov, LukrecijaĐeri, MilanaPantelić & Tanja Armenski(2014) also used IPA and modified SERVQUAL model to measure service quality in hotel spas in the Republic of Serbia. Typically, IPA has been used to classify the service quality of spas in a study area into 4 quadrants, called the IPA matrix.

These characteristics are rated as low important

  • Service quality (SERVQUAL)
  • Contrasting between male and female spa goers

Female spa visitors tend to be disappointed by poor service (15% of women vs. 2% of men), feeling rushed (9% of women vs. 2% of men), sales techniques. Male bathers tend to be more disappointed about bath amenities/towels that don't clean more than female visitors (9% of males vs. 3% of females).

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Population and samples

Research Instrument

Screening Question and behavior trend of using the day spa

Benefit sought

Perceive Importance

Personal Information

Testing of Research instrument

  • Data collection
  • Statistical analysis

Customer perceived importance of service quality was shown on the vertical axis, while day spa performance was shown on the horizontal axis.

RESEARCH RESULTS

The demographic characteristics of the sample group

Additionally, 211 respondents were single/never married, (71.3% of respondents), followed by 74 respondents were married (25.0% of respondents). However, the highest percentage of the female sample were full-time employees (80.4% of the female sample), followed by an equal number, 6.2% of the female sample were business owners and self-employed.

Table 4.1 show the number and percentage of information  about the two- two-screening question
Table 4.1 show the number and percentage of information about the two- two-screening question

The behavior trend of male and female of using the day spa

However, the difference in terms of people who went to a day spa between gender groups is marginally statistically significant (see Table 4.7: p-value=0.078). For male samples, the majority of respondents seek or purchase Thai traditional body massage, followed by of respondents) seek or purchase back, shoulder, and head massage, respectively, or purchase foot massage.

Table 4.4  Chi-Square Tests of Respondents of visiting day spa
Table 4.4 Chi-Square Tests of Respondents of visiting day spa

The reason of male and female that are holding them back from going to day spa more often

Table 4.12 showed that 43% of women were disappointed that spa employees do not provide sufficient, clear and fair information about the spa services and products, and 34% of women were disappointed that spa employees do not understand the specific needs of customers. Additionally, 28% of men were disappointed that spa employees do not provide adequate, clear and fair information about the spa services and products, and 27% of men were disappointed that spa employees do not understand specific needs of customers and the physical facility and design of the spa is sensibly appealing. Overall respondents were disappointed that spa staff do not provide adequate, clear and fair information about the spa services and products (38% of total respondents), followed by spa staff not understanding the specific needs of customers (32% of total respondents ) and the spa staff offer faultless service (23% of total respondents).

And the Pearson Chi-square value less than or equal to 0.05 indicates statistical significance that men and women differ in attributes: The physical facilities and design of the spa are reasonably appealing. The appearance of the physical facilities is consistent with the type of service provided, the Spa employees provide adequate, clear and fair information about the Spa services and products.

Table 4.12 Samples of 3 attributes from day spas disappointed people the most
Table 4.12 Samples of 3 attributes from day spas disappointed people the most

Hypotheses Testing

  • Running Independent t-test
  • Hypothesis Testing Analyzes Hypothesis 1

For The spa has proper lighting to create comfortable: there is statistically significant (p-value=0.000, P-value ≤0.05). For The spa employees understand specific needs of customers: there is statistically significant (p-value=0.000, P-value ≤0.05). And we found that women have an attitude about important attributes of day spa service quality, because the spa employees understand specific needs of customers (X̅ = 4.04) more than men (X̅ = 2.25).

For the Spa employees show their professionalism and courtesy: there is statistically significant (p-value=0.000, P-value ≤0.05).

Table 4.13 Independent t-test between male and female in terms of benefit sought  of day spa
Table 4.13 Independent t-test between male and female in terms of benefit sought of day spa

IPA analysis

Spa employees provide adequate, clear, and fair information about spa services and products, Spa employees provide prompt service, Spa has a good reputation, Spa employees understand specific customer needs, and seven in the ' possible 'overcrowding': the spa facilities and design are attractive enough, The appearance of the physical facilities is consistent with the type of service offered, The spa has aromas that help you relax, The spa has the right lighting to create comfort, The spa staff show personalized attention to clients, the Spa offers a good variety of treatments catering to different types of clients, the Spa has convenient opening hours. Spa employees provide adequate, clear and fair information about spa services and products. The spa offers good quality spa products and treatments (such as natural ingredients or trusted brands etc.).

The spa employees show their professionalism and courtesy, The spa can ensure physical safety of customers and security of their valuables, The spa offers good quality spa products and treatments (such as natural ingredients or trusted brands, etc.) and The spa has a good reputation; two in the 'low priority' quadrant: The spa employees provide sufficient, clear and fair information about the spa services and products, The spa employees understand specific needs of customers and seven in the 'possible excessive' quadrant .

Figure 4.1  IPA analysis for the entire population
Figure 4.1 IPA analysis for the entire population

DISCUSSIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary and discussion of the major finding of data collection

  • Demographic Profile Discussion
  • The Behavior Trend of Spa Goer Discussion
  • The Reasons that are holding Day spa goer from going to day spa more often Discussion

Female day spa goers tend to purchase Thai traditional body massage higher than male day spa goers (69.1% of female sample versus 55.9% of male sample). The number of American male spa goers who have tried the beautification treatment is quite higher than Thai male day spa goers. Male spa-goers are more likely than female spa-goers to say that day spas should be reserved for special occasions.

American female spa-goers are more likely than male spa-goers to report expense (66% vs. 49% of male spa-goers), while Thai day-spa-goers do not differentiate on this point.

Summary and discuss the research problem and hypotheses

  • Hypotheses Testing Hypothesis 1
  • IPA analysis Concentrate here
  • Attributes from day spas disappointed people the most

Female day spa goers tend to visit the day spa to enjoy with friends than male day spa visitors. Male spa visitors also tend to be easier to please than female spa visitors on the safety dimension. Spa employees provide prompt service' and 'Spa has a good reputation' were included in the low priority quadrant for total respondents and female spa goers.

Spa staff providing error-free service is less important to female spa goers when compared to male spa goers.

Summary of linkage between the key findings of each gender and the implication

The spa manager should continue to promote the benefits of massage in helping spa visitors to relax. Female spa-goers tend to be more discerning than male spa-goers, scoring higher on almost every important attribute of a day spa compared to men. In contrast, male spa visitors are more easily satisfied with regard to service quality than female spa visitors, as they give higher ratings to all day spa performance attributes compared to women.

Accordingly, day spa should not overlook male spa goers. needs even though they are smaller in size and should create marketing strategies and service to attract more male spa goers.

The limitation of the research

  • Future research

This study focuses on the difference between genders in terms of benefit sought and analysis of importance and performance and included only some aspects of different behavior in the behavior of each gender. Therefore, future study should compare behavioral trends of each gender in other interesting aspects that this study did not include. This study focuses on the impact of different genders, so future research should compare the attitude towards behavior of day spa guests in other socio-demographic areas, such as age, education, occupation, nationality.

Therefore, future study can adopt qualitative research to mainly investigate some key findings of difference between gender of this study.

Global Spa & Wellness Industry Briefing Papers 2013. com/wp-content/uploads/ Industry-Briefing-Papers/PDFs/2013-Industry-Briefing-Papers.pdf. ISPA.(2011) Spa Consumer Snapshot Initiative Deel 1 Teruggevonden van http://www.spalietuva.lt/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ISPA.pdf. ISPA.(2013) Spa Consumer Snapshot Initiative Deel 3 Teruggevonden van http://www.spalietuva.lt/wp-content/uploads Spa-Consumer-Snapshot-Initiative-Volume-Three.pdf.

ISPA.(2013).Spa Consumer Snapshot Volume IV: Male Consumer Insights Retrieved from https://experienceispa.com/images/pdfs/snapshot-2013-vol-4.pdf.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT

8 Spa employees provide adequate, clear and fair information about spa services and products. 15 The spa offers good quality spa products and treatments (such as natural ingredients or trusted brands, etc.).

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE: ENGLISH LANGUAGE VERSION

We would like to understand what are the main benefits that motivate you to go to day spas. How do you personally rate the importance of the following benefits attributes that motivate you to go to a day spa. How do you personally rate the importance of the following attributes for the quality of day spa services?

The spa provides good quality spa products and treatments (such as natural ingredients or trusted brands, etc.) 16.

APPENDIX C

QUESTIONNAIRE: THAI LANGUAGE VERSION

วิทยาลัยการจัดการ มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล รวมถึงร้านนวดที่เน้นแต่การนวดราคาถูกเท่านั้น โดยไม่สนใจบรรยากาศภายในโรงแรมเลย (ตกแต่งบรรยากาศห้องให้เหมาะสม) (ปรับร้านให้เหมาะสม).

โปรแกรมพิเศษที่น่าสนใจ) o เมดิคัล สปา (Medical Spa)

นี้_________________________________

ตอบได้มากกว่า 1ข้อ)

เหตุผลที่จูงใจ ให้ไปเดย ์สปา

ไม่มี

ความส า คัญเลย

มี

ความส า คัญน้อย

ความส า คัญบ้าง

ความส า คัญ

ความส า คัญมาก

เพื่อบรรเทา ความเครีย

To feel relaxed(

เพื่อผ่อน คลาย)

To be calm (เพื่อ

เพื่อท า ตามใจ

To feel refreshed

สุขภาพ กายดีขึ้น)

หาทาง บรรเทา

ภาวะการ เจ็บป่วย

รู ้สึกว่า แข็งแรง

To improve

To enhance

กายภาพ/

เพื่อความ สวยงาม)

ชีวิต ตาม ไลฟ์สไตล ์

สุขภาพ)

สนุก) 18. For

รางวัล ตนเอง)

กับ

ครอบครัว)

คุณสมบัติ

ของเดย ์ สปา

ความส าคั

ญ เลย

ญน้อย

ญบ้าง

อ านวย ความ

ความ

ญมาก เหมาะส

ภายนอ กทาง

จัดไว้

สปามี

ความ สะอาด

ญมาก สะอาด)

สปามี

กลิ่นที่

ช่วยท า ให้ท่าน

อุณหภู

มิและ การ

เหมาะส มเพื่อ

สบาย 6. สปามี

แสง สว่างที่

ญมาก สบาย

พ นักงาน

ข้อมูลที่

เพียงพอ , ชัดเจน

ญมาก ผลิตภั

ณฑ ์ ของสปา

ได้รับ ปาก

การ บริการ

ด พลาด

ญมาก นักงาน

ของส ปาให้

ญมาก แสดงอ

อกถึง ความ

สป า

สามาร ถท าให้

ลูกค้า มั่นใจ

น 15

สป

ญมาก าใช ้

ผลิตภั

ณฑ ์ส ปาและ

คุณภา พดี

เช่น ใช ้ ผลิตภั

ณฑ ์ จาก

เป็นที่

น่าเชื่อ ถือ

สป ามี

ชื่อเสีย งที่ดี

ของส ปา

เฉพาะเ จาะจง

ญมาก สป

า น าเสน

ดีและมี

ความ หลากห

มีความ แตกต่า

สป ามีเวลา

สะดวก

คุณลักษณะ ของเดย ์สปา

ผลการ ปฏิบัติงาน

แย่มาก

แย่

ปานกลาง

ดี

ความสะดวก ทาง

กายภาพ และการ

ความ เหมาะสม

ภายนอก ทาง

อ านวยความ สะดวกเข้า

สปามีความ สะอาดและ

ดีมาก สุขลักษณะ

เช่น เตียง และล๊อบบี้มี

ความ สะอาด)

ช่วยท าให้

ท่านได้

อุณหภูมิและ การถ่ายเท

เหมาะสม เพื่อสร ้าง

สบาย 6. สปามีแสง

สว่างที่

ของสปาแต่ง กายอย่างมือ

ดีมาก เรียบร ้อย

พนักงาน ของสปาให้

เพียงพอ, ชัดเจนและ

ผลิตภัณฑ ์ ของสปา

ของสปาให้

การบริการ ตามเวลาที่

ได้รับปาก เอาไว้

พนัก งานของ

พนัก

ดีมาก งานของ

สปาให้การ บริการอย่าง

สามารถท า ให้ลูกค้า

ดีมาก มั่นใจถึง

ความความ ปลอดภัยทั้ง

ทรัพย ์สิน

ใช ้

ผลิตภัณฑ ์ สปาและท

คุณภาพดี

เช่น ใช ้ ผลิตภัณฑ ์

ธรรมชาติ

น่าเชื่อถือ

มีชื่อเสียงที่

พนัก งานของส

ดีมาก ความ

ต้องการที่

เฉพาะเจาะ จงของ

รายบุคคล

น าเสนอท รีทเมนต ์ที่ดี

และมีความ หลากหลาย

ตอบสนอง ต่อลูกค้าที่

มีความ แตกต่างกัน

มีเวลาท า การที่

ความสะอาด)

พนักงานของสปาแสดงออกถึงความเป็นมืออาชีพและความ สุภาพ

ระดับการศึกษาสูงสุดของท่าน?

สถานะการจ้างงานในปัจจุบันของท่าน?

รายได้ของท่านต่อเดือน?

Gambar

Table  Page
Figure 1.1  Research framework
Table 4.1 show the number and percentage of information  about the two- two-screening question
Table 4.2  Chi-Square Tests of demographic of respondents
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