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Vibration Serviceability of Footbridges and Its Mitigations Natthapong Areemit *

Abstract

This article presents the vibration serviceability problems of footbridges and its mitigations. There are several newly designed and constructed footbridges over the world known to have vibration problems and some of them are presented herein, both vertical and horizontal vibration. Then, the mechanisms of vibration generation due to pedestrians are explained. The guidelines for bridge designers are subsequently given in order to prevent, as well as mitigate the excessive vibration problems. Finally, vibration mitigation measures are also given.

Keywords: footbridge, pedestrian bridge, vibration serviceability, vibration control

* Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, E-mail: [email protected]

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American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (ASSHTO). 1997. Guide Specification for Design of Pedestrian Bridges.

Washington, D.C.

British Standards Institution (BSI). 1978. British Standard Specification for load; Steel, Concrete and Composite Bridges, Part 2. BS5400, London.

Bachmann, H. and Ammann, W. (1987). Vibrations in Structures Induced by Man and Machines.

IABSE-AIIPC-IVBH, Structural Engineering Documents, 3e.

Dallard, P., Fitzpatrick, T., Flint, A., Low, A., Smith, R.R., Willford, M. and Roche, M.. (2001a).

London Millennium Bridge: Pedestrian-induced Lateral Vibration. Journal of Bridge Engineering.

Vol. 6, No. 6, 412-417.

Dallard, P., Fitzpatrick, A.J., Flint, A., Bourva, S.L., Low, A., Smith, R.M. and Willford, M. (2001b).

The London Millennium Footbridge. The Structural Engineer. Vol. 79, No. 22, 17-33.

Fujino, Y., Sun, L., Pacheco, B.M. and Chaiseri, P.

(1992). Suppression of Horizontal Motion by Tuned Liquid Damper. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. Vol. 118, 2017-2030.

Fujino, Y., Pacheco, B.M., Nakamura, S.I. and Warnitchai, P. (1993). Synchronization of human walking observed during lateral vibration of a congested pedestrian bridge. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol. 22, No. 9, 741-758.

Hearn, G.E. and Metcalfe, A.V. (1995). Spectral Analysis in Engineering: Concepts and Cases.

Butterworth-Heinemann.

ISO. 1992. Bases for Design of Structures- Serviceability of Buildings Against Vibrations.

ISO 10137. International Standardization Organization. Geneva, Switzerland.

Macdonald, J.H.G. (2008). Pedestrian-induced vibrations of the Clifton Suspension Bridge, UK.

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Proceedings of the ICE - Bridge Engineering.

Vol. 161, No. 2, 69-77.

Nakamura, S., Kawasaki, T., Katsuura, H. and Yokoyama, K. (2008). Experimental studies on lateral forces induced by pedestrians. Journal of Construction Steel Research. Vol. 64, 247-252.

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Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Sound and Vibration. Orlando, Florida, July 2002.

Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code. 1983.

Ministry of Transportation and Communications, Highway Engineering Division, Ontario.

Pimentel, R.L. (1997). Vibration Performance of Pedestrian Bridges Due to Human-Induced Loads. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Poovarodom, N., Kanchanosot, S. and Warnitchai, P. (2003). Application of non-linear multiple tuned mass dampers to suppress man-induced vibrations of a pedestrian bridge. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. Vol. 32, 1117-1131.

Wilkinson, S.M. and Knapton, J. (2006). Analysis and solution to human-induced lateral vibration on a historic footbridge. Journal of Bridge Engineering. Vol. 11, No. 1, 4-12.

Yang, S. and Huang, D. (1997). Aesthetic considerations for urban pedestrian bridge design. Journal of Architectural Engineering.

Vol. 3, No. 1, 3-8.

Referensi

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