This research will explore the effectiveness of music in the workplace related to each job characteristic and also define the type of emotions of employees from each department that affected by listening to the music in the workplace. This study can help the organization to improve their job satisfaction among the employees in the long term. Furthermore, this study defined the effective music channel for office workers in the organization and also mapped job functional unit to music genre.
This research was conducted using the quantitative approach to measure the number of employees from each department and their preferred music genre. KEYWORDS: Music in the workplace/ Music in the office/ Employee well-being/ Effectiveness of music/ Organizational improvement. There are many studies about music therapy but in this case it will focus on music in the workplace as a tool to increase the level of job satisfaction and reduce the stress of employees.
The research method that uses quantitative research to explore the effects of music in the office, and the sample is the office workers; computer based office. The questions of the quantitative will be focused on the function of music at work to explore the emotion of employees who listen to the music while they work. What kind of music that can be beneficial or distracting related to type of employees and their job functions.
Furthermore, the results of the study concerned employees and increased the level of job satisfaction and reduced turnover.
LITERATURE REVIEW
- Stress in workplace causing the turnover
- Effects of stress among employees
- Music influenced people’s behavior
- Music in workplace
- Music therapy
- Related Researches
One of the interesting effects is that stress at work can cause accidents, the study by Moore, (2000) shows that 60-70 percent of work accidents came from employee stress. In addition, the costs of the organization will be one of the affected factors affected by stress in employees (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002), They collect the type of job that is very stressful and studied, and it is shown that the effects of stress can affect the body and mind in terms of employee health; they showed the lower level of self-confidence, lower level of workplace motivation, higher job satisfaction, high intention to leave the job and in terms of physical health, their blood pressure increased. The individual level of thoughts, emotions and memory related to the role of music, as several studies found the significant psychological effects on individual behavior (e.g. Houston & Haddock, 2007; Krumhansl, 2002; Weiss et al., 2012).
Music therapy' is created to synthesize the use of music in many dimensions to help people deal with their emotions (Gold et al., 2009). In addition, there are specific aspects of music used for sick people in hospital (Devlin & Arneill, 2003) or for customers in a queue to relieve their stress (Niven, 2015). From a marketing perspective, music is one of the tools marketers use to increase brand awareness as “jingles” (Yalch, 1991).
In terms of cooperative behavior, happy music can influence employee behavior by improving cooperation among workers (Korczynski's, 2011, p. 91) and this can be usefully used in organizational culture collectivism. Meanwhile, another research study on music found that the functions of music that affect employees' emotions are "Improves your mood", "Helps you relax" and "Makes you happier" (Anneli Beronius Haake, 2006). Also interesting in this survey is the majority of respondents who are exposed to the fact that they believe that music can improve their mood and increase their relaxation.
According to many studies on music therapy, they are interesting in treatment; (Kathi J Kemper, 2005) showed that 57% of surveyed patients reported that participation in the program helped them to relax and improve their affect. Staff members reported that music can affect the patient in terms of satisfaction, stress reduction, anxiety reduction. In addition, studies of music in patients have shown that the benefits of music can directly affect physiological, psychological, and social-emotional; In addition to direct affection, music can also indirectly affect the caregiver's attitude and behavior on the patient (Kathi J Kemper, 2005).
Music listening practices in UK workplaces: .. an exploratory study of office-based settings .. what functions do you think it has for you’). They say they feel that rock music helps to express our anger when they have been messed around by customers.” (Wh11, recruitment consultant manager).
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Methods of Research Used
- The Population
- Sampling
- Data Collection
SPOTIFY App DEEZER App Apple Music App Fungjai App Online Radio Station Offline Radio Station Own Library PC (MP3) Own Library Mobile (MP3). In accordance with the quantitative research, the research was aimed at carrying out a research to compare and map the work functional unit with the music genre. The target is 400 respondents who are office workers, but the total number of respondents collected is 336 out of 400 after screening.
Due to this topic, the sample should consist of respondents who are office workers and work in an office environment. The methods used by researchers are online surveys and as a result, the way to distribute the survey to the respondents is through personal contact in different professions and the snowball technique is used to directly target the potential respondents.
Research Instruments
- Part I: General Information
- Part II: Explore the Effectiveness of Music in Workplace Related to Job Characteristics
- Part III: Personal Information
RESEARCH FINDING
- Finding 1: Genre of Music That Respondents Answered The Most From the analysis of the studies shown that the important here is that the results
- Finding 2: Job Functional Unit That Have High Impact from Listening to Music
- Finding 3: Channel of Music That Each Age Ranges Listened to Another data that have been collected are age ranges and the channel of music
- Finding 4: Genre of Music related to Job Characteristics
As a result of the data that has been collected, the researcher found that there is an interesting function point for music in the workplace for each functional unit. Additionally, there are some differences for each functional unit as shown in Table 4.2. Likewise, the point that the researcher focused on is the emotions that have the average score from 3 and above.
In the angle of the highest mean, Creative Department has the highest mean of 3.68 on Improving Mood Function, followed by Sales Department = 3.43 on Create Good Mood and the last is Marketing Department = 3.42 on Improving Mood Function, the consequence of the mean value, these 3-functional devices have the greatest effect on their emotions by listening to the music at work. On the other hand, there are some departments that have more than one dimension of the music function in the workplace, which is the Accounting Department, which consisted of "Help you relax" and "Block ambient noise". In conclusion, the point that the researcher found the significant score is top 3 functional unit.
The channels that all respondents listened to the most are “Youtube” and “JOOX Music Application” as shown in Tables 4.3 and 4.4. Moreover, if you look at the details, it will display in-depth information regarding age categories. For example, the age group between 20 and 30 years old has the highest number on YouTube and JOOX Music Application channel, so that can imply YouTube and JOOX Music. Application is a new listening platform and matches the group of younger ages. In conclusion, other channels do not have significant numbers like both channels mentioned above, but the information collected can be used as a decision-making tool to select the channel that suits the age categories.
For this finding, the researcher planned to investigate the type of music associated with the characteristics of the work. From the survey questionnaire, the researchers had respondents from each functional unit answer their favorite type of music. The result showed that out of the total 13 functional units, 8 units answered “Pop Music” the most, followed by “Easy Listening and Acoustic Music”. ' Four units responded. The point here is that only one functional unit responded to classical music, namely the secretariat.
According to the constraint of making the sample size equal for each functional unit, the result will not be so accurate.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation
Limitation
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Questionnaire Survey
General Information
- Do you mainly work in office environment?
- What is your current position title?
- Do you mainly work in ? (Select One)
- Do you ever listen to music while working? (If yes continue Part2)
Explore the Effectiveness of Music in Workplace Related to Job Characteristics Table: 1 Type of functions of music in working environment
- Gender
