TOBACCO USE: CONSIDER SMOKE-FREE AIR POLICIES, POLITICAL FACTORS, HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS. Measures taken include the introduction of smoke-free air policies by states, the use of tobacco taxes, and numerous smoking cessation programs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of socioeconomic status, smoke-free air policies, health-related quality of life, and political factors in country influence on tobacco use.
The socio-economic status, smoke-free air policy and health-related quality of life scales were developed using factor analysis. The study results showed that smoke-free air policies, health-related quality of life, states with a Democratic governor and a Democratic-controlled legislature, states with a Democratic governor and split legislature, and states with a Republican governor and split legislature were not statistically significant goods. . However, socioeconomic status, states with a Democratic governor and a Republican-controlled legislature, and states with a Republican governor and a Democratic-controlled legislature were statistically significant at the .10 level.
In the study, it became clear that with the increase in socio-economic status, the use of tobacco decreased. It is anticipated that future research will further examine the impact of smoke-free air policies in respective states as more states adopt smoke-free air policies.
INTRODUCTION
A few qualitative studies have provided evidence that political factors are some of the factors influencing tobacco use rates and tobacco policy. Little is also known about the influence of political factors on tobacco policy and tobacco use rates at the national level. The proposal of this study is to show that socioeconomic factors, smoke-free air policies, political factors, and health-related quality of life factors have some influence on tobacco use.
Studies concentrated at the state level that specifically focus on these factors, as measures assessing their impact on tobacco use, are rare in the literature. In summary, the purpose of this study is to assess how socioeconomic status, smoke-free air policies, health-related quality of life and political factors predict tobacco use per state. It is the contention of this study that socioeconomic factors, smoke-free air policies, political factors, and health-related quality of life influence tobacco use at the state level.
However, state-level studies focusing on specific socioeconomic factors, smoke-free air policies, health-related quality of life, and political factors as predictors of tobacco use are rare in the literature. Therefore, this study will explore the relationship between smoke-free air policies, political factors, socioeconomic status, and health-related quality of life issues to see how they affect tobacco use at the state level.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A critical look at the role of the president in the legislative process leads to the conclusion that the. Smoking appears to be an integral part of the culture of mental health care (Reilly et al., 2006). This represents 29.2 percent of the population in this age category (Department of Health and Human Services, 2005).
This is reflected in the fact that most of the studies used by tobacco companies have been funded by them. Examples of some of the consequences of tobacco use are brain damage and the fear of liver disease (Orford et al., 2006). Legislature” as used for the political variables was achieved based on the majority party in control of the state Senate and House.
The use of the state as a unit of analysis is reminiscent of the argument in the research literature about ecological fallacy. As a result, the use of the state as the unit of analysis is advocated. Given the scope of the study (50 states in the US), primary data collection would become very expensive if there were no funding for this study.
We entered the obtained data into SPSS and performed a factor analysis to identify the factors that will be used in the construction of the scales (indices).
RESULTS
Figures and 3.5 (all in Appendix B) explain the composition of the variables of socioeconomic status, smoke-free air policies, health-related quality of life and political factors used in the study. Republican-controlled legislatures + states with a Democratic governor and a split legislature + states with a Republican governor and a Democratic governor. The two significant variables of socioeconomic status, and states with a Republican governor and a Democratic-.
This is the case when controlling for states with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature. Thus, states with a Democratic governor and a split legislature did not predict any decline in tobacco use compared to a state with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature. The study found that states with Republican governors and Democratic-controlled legislatures had a systematic impact on tobacco use, as evidenced by the decline in smoking rates per state.
The research finding therefore supports the hypothesis that states with a Republican governor and Democratic-controlled legislature tend to a. This is the case when compared to states with a Republican governor and a Republican controlled legislature. Thus, states with a Democratic governor and a Democratic-controlled legislature did not systematically affect a reduction in smoking rates compared to a state with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature.
The Republican-controlled legislature will have lower rates of tobacco use compared to a state with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature. With a Democratic governor and a Republican-controlled legislature, smoking rates increase compared to states with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature. A Democratic-controlled legislature will use less tobacco compared to a state with a Republican governor and a Republican-controlled legislature.
In model 1, socioeconomic status and states with a Republican governor and a Democratic-controlled legislature were statistically significant. The Democratic governor and a Republican-controlled legislature predicted state-by-state tobacco use rates in the United States.
TABLES TABLES
Test for multicollinearity between smoking rate and smoke-free air policy at government workplaces, smoke-free air policy at private workplaces, smoke-free air policy at restaurants, smoke-free air policy at "other" sites, health-related quality of life and socioeconomic status.
