33
34
highlighting a reason to be concerned about excessive social media use as well as providing practitioners with insight into providing support to those at-risk groups through developing skills that improve an individual’s sense of control.
In conclusion, mental health research within the Middle East that is culturally relevant and useful remain limited. Further research is needed for researchers and practitioners to understand this region and to be able to provide adequate support where needed. With the rapid development of technology globally as well as within the Middle East, up to date research on this area is vitally important for the promotion of mental health among all individuals.
35
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Appendix
Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale
Here are six statements to consider. For each, answer: (1) very rarely, (2) rarely, (3) sometimes, (4) often, or (5) very often.
1. You spend a lot of time thinking about social media or planning how to use it. 1 2 3 4 5 2. You feel an urge to use social media more and more. 1 2 3 4 5 3. You use social media in order to forget about personal problems. 1 2 3 4 5 4. You have tried to cut down on the use of social media without success. 1 2 3 4 5 5. You become restless or troubled if you are prohibited from using social media. 1 2 3 4 5 6. You use social media so much that it has had a negative impact on your
job/studies.
1 2 3 4 5
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Niemeyer Sense of Control Scale
Here are two statements to consider. Rate intensity for each question from (0) not at all - (4) very strong.
Do you experience important areas of your life (i.e., work, free-time, family, etc.) to be uncontrollable, meaning that you cannot, or barely can, influence them?
0 1 2 3 4
Do you experience these important areas of your life as unpredictable or inscrutable?
0 1 2 3 4
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