investigated. However, no clear patterns or correlations could be extracted from the data analysis.
The temperature of wastewater, humidity, total sulfur, and wastewater depth was identified as the most important parameters influencing H2S emission through correlation analysis. Based on the entire dataset collected from the inlet of the wastewater treatment plant, a statistical equation for predicting H2S emission as functions of significant factors was proposed. However, due to the inapplicability of this model on any other wastewater treatment plant, a neural network model was developed. The model was validated and tested by dividing the dataset into sections.
The neural model along with validation and testing had an R-value of 0.9. The model was tested on a sample collected from the buffer tank of another wastewater treatment plant. The test had an R-value of 0.6 indicating that the model is limited to its applicability in the prediction of H2S emission under conditions similar to the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant. However, the model can be improved by training with more data.
Parameter analysis leads to the understanding of H2S emission. This helps to manage H2S gas emission in wastewater treatment plants and in turn control bio- corrosion of concrete. In order to manage H2S emission, it is necessary to know H2S emission pattern. Prediction tools are used in this situation, hence reducing the cost associated to H2S control measures. However, this model can be improved by analyzing more parameters such as VFAs, and biofilm. Since this model is data driven, it can be further improved by increasing the collected data. By further developing this ANN model, it can be used for sewer modeling. Developing prediction of H2S
emission for large sewer and wastewater treatment plants by parametric emission modeling (PEM).
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Appendix
Appendix A: Measurement from wastewater treatment plant
Figure 24: Platform used to place measurement devices
Headspace air-flow, temperature of headspace, humidity, and H2S concentration are the measurements that were taken at the inlet of wastewater treatment plant. The measurements were taken using a devices like anemometer, temperature probe, humidity probe, and H2S analyzer. Two anemometers were placed for accuracy of results. These devices were placed inside the opening above the wastewater level. The lid of the opening was closed to make sure no H2S gas escapes.
H2S analyzer was placed separate, while all other devices were placed on a platform as demonstrated in Figure 24. Measurements were taken by personnel at the plant every two hours.
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
(e)
Figure 25: Measurement devices; (a) Anemometer 1, (b) Anemometer 2, (c) Temperature probe, (d) Humidity probe, (e) H2S analyzer
Appendix B: COD analysis
Method: Hach LCK 514 Cuvette test (100 – 2000 mg/L) Procedure:
1. Cuvette was inverted few times until the sediment is completely suspended.
2. 2 ml of sample was pipetted into the cuvette and inverted few times.
3. The cuvette is kept at HT for 15 minutes in a digester.
4. Once the digester cools down, it unlocks. The cuvette was placed outside to let it cool to room temperature.
5. The cuvette was thoroughly cleaned on the outside and placed in the cell holder of DR3900 spectrophotometer.
6. It reads the barcode on the cuvette, and displays COD measurements in mg/L.
Appendix C: Sulfate analysis
Method: Hach LCK 353 Cuvette test (150 – 900 mg/L) Procedure:
1. 2 ml of sample was pipetted into a cuvette.
2. 1 level spoonful of reagent A was added and close the cuvette immediately.
3. Inverted repeatedly for 1 minute.
4. The cuvette was thoroughly cleaned on the outside and placed in the cell holder of DR3900 spectrophotometer.
5. It reads the barcode on the cuvette, and displays sulfate measurements in mg/L.
Appendix D: Sulfide analysis
Method: Hach 2244500 Cuvette test Procedure:
1. Blank was prepared using 10 ml deionized water in a test tube.
2. To prepare sample, 5 ml of sample and 5 ml of deionized water was pipetted into a test tube.
3. 1 ml of sulfide reagent 1 was added to the test tube. The test tube swirled to mix the reagent with the sample.
4. 1 ml of sulfide reagent 2 was added to the test tube. The test tube was inverted to mix well after placing a stopper in the opening of the test tube.
5. Both reagents were also added to the blank test tube.
6. The test tube was kept at room temperature for 5 minutes.
7. The blank solution was transferred to a clean cuvette and the reading was made to zero.
8. The test solution was transferred to a clean cuvette and placed in the cell holder of DR3900.
9. The measurement of the test solution was taken in mg/L.