Chapter 3: Results
3.3 Open Field Test (OFT)
OFT was performed to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of E169 (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg), MK801 (0.1 mg/kg), LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg), and RAMH (10 mg/kg) on anxiety behaviors and locomotor activity of tested mice. The results observed for time spent in the center, time spent in the periphery, and total distance travelled are listed in Table 1.
Table 1:Open field test result
The table represents the means ± SEM (n = 6). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs.
naïve mice; #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01 ###P < 0.001 vs. naive group; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P
< 0.001 vs MK801 alone treated group; $P < 0.05; $$P < 0.01 vs. E169 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) + MK801-treated group.
3.3.1 Results in OFT for naive mice following STM experiment
The effects of LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) on anxiousness and locomotion activity in naive mice revealed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10)
= 29.68, P<0.001) and an increase in time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 26.54, P<0.001) in comparison with naïve mice indicated that LY294002 increase anxiety in naive mice. With no effect on the total distance traveled.
Group that was treated with E169 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p), did not affect time spent in the center (F(1,10) = 0.29, p=0.60) (F(1,10) = 0.33, p=0.57) (F(1,10) = 0.02, p=0.88), also did not affect time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 2.37, p=0.15) (F(1,10) = 3.72, p=0.08) (F(1,10) = 4.26, p=0.06) respectively in comparison with naive group without effect on total distance traveled.
A group that received RAMH showed a significant reduction in time spent in the center (F(1,10) = 20.53, P<0.01) with an increment in the amount of time spent
peripherally (F(1,10) = 7.95, P<0.05) in comparison with naïve group without effect on total distance traveled.
3.3.2 Results in OFT for naive mice following LTM experiment
The effects of LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) on anxiousness and locomotion activity in the naïve group revealed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 29.63, P<0.001) and an increase in the amount of time spent peripherally (F(1,10)
= 13.24, P<0.01) in comparison with naïve group, indicate that LY294002 increase anxiety in naive mice without altering the total distance traveled.
Group that was treated with E169 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p), did not affect time spent in the center with (F(1,10) = 1.80, p=0.20) (F(1,10) = 2.92, p=0.11) (F(1,10) = 1.27, p=0.28), respectively. Also, time spent in the peripheral was not affected following systemic administration with E169 (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg, i.p), with (F(1,10) = 1.46, p=0.25) (F(1,10) = 1.59, p=0.23) (F(1,10) = 2.09, p=0.17), respectively, and in comparison, with naïve control mice.
Mice that received RAMH showed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 26.87, P<0.001) and an increase in time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 5.18, P<0.05) in comparison with naive mice with no effect on total distance traveled.
3.3.3 Results in OFT for MK801- treated mice following STM experiment
MK801-treated mice showed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 59.82, P<0.0001) and an increase in time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 8.50, P<0.05) in comparison with naive mice but no effect on total distance traveled.
MK801-treated group that was injected with LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) revealed a considerable increment in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 43.90, P<0.0001) and an increase in time spent in peripheral (F(1,10) = 5.01, P<0.05) in comparison with MK801-treated mice, indicated that LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) reduce anxiety in MK801- induced amnesia mice.
MK801-treated mice that treated with E169 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p), did not affect time spent in the center (F(1,10) = 1.82, p=0.20), also did not affect time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 0.004, p=0.94) in comparison with MK801-treated mice. While mice that received E169 (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p), showed a significant increase in time spent in center (F(1,10) = 14.59, P<0.01) (F(1,10) = 7.96, P<0.05), and peripheral (F(1,10) = 6.32, P<0.05) (F(1,10) = 5.00, P<0.05) respectively, with no effect on total travelled distance compared to MK801-treated mice.
MK801-treated mice which co-injected with RAMH and E169 (5 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in time spent in center (F(1,10) = 5.19, P<0.05) and peripheral (F(1,10) = 14.73, P<0.01) in comparison with MK801+E169 5mg/kg group but no effect on total distance travelled.
MK801-treated group that was co-injected with LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) and E169 (5 mg/kg) showed a considerable increase in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 18.76, P<0.01) with a reduction in the amount of time spent peripherally (F(1,10) = 5.97, P<0.05) in comparison with MK801-treated mice, but no significant changing compared to MK801 + E169 (5 mg/kg).
3.3.4 Results in OFT for MK801- treated mice following LTM experiment
MK801-treated mice showed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 17.03, P<0.01) with an increase in the amount of time spent
peripherally (F(1,10) = 5.70, P<0.05) in comparison with a naive group but no effect on total distance traveled.
MK801-treated mice injected with LY294002 revealed a significant increment in time spent in the center (F(1,10) = 7.42, P<0.05) and a reduction in time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 7.26, P<0.05) in comparison with MK801-treated mice, indicated that LY294002 reduce anxiety in MK801-induced amnesia in mice.
Groups that were treated with E169 (2.5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p), did not affect the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 1.30, p=0.27) (F(1,10) = 3.13, p=0.10), also did not affect time spent in the peripheral (F(1,10) = 0.88, p=0.30) (F(1,10) = 0.03, p=0.85) ,respectively, and in comparison with MK801-treated mice. While the mice treated with E169 (5 mg/kg, i.p) showed a significant increase in time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 8.11, P<0.05), and a reduction in time spent peripherally (F(1,10) = 8.05, P<0.05) with no effect on total traveled distance compared to MK801-treated mice.
MK801-treated mice that co treated with RAMH and E169 (5 mg/kg) showed a considerable reduction in the amount of time spent centrally (F(1,10) = 5.67, P<0.05) and an increase in time spent peripherally (F(1,10) = 5.04, P<0.05) in comparison with
MK801+E169 (5 mg/kg) group but no effect on total distance traveled.
MK801-treated group that was co-injected with LY294002 (7.5 mg/kg) and E169 (5 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in time spent in the center (F(1,10) = 5.68,
P<0.05) and reduction in the amount of time spent peripherally (F(1,10) = 7.61, P<0.05) in comparison with MK801- treated mice. but no significant change when compared to MK801+E169 (5 mg/kg).