א

 

אאא

אאא

 

 

11 11 0 0

 

 

 



 

  

،،אא،א W

 

 

 

אאאא

אאאאא

אא،אאאאאא

א

אאאאא

אאאאאא

W

א

אא

K

 

 



אאאאאאא

א،אאא

אאאאאא،

א

א،אאאא

אאא

אא

אאאאאאא

אא،א

א

אא،א K

 

 

אא

?

אאא



?





?

א



 ?

 

א א א 



    

אא א

אאא K

 

 

אאאאאאא

،א،אאאא

אא

אאא

K

 

 

אאאא

W



א K

 

 

אאאא

 





 

אא



אא



א

אא

א



K

אאאאאאאאאא

א



אא

K

א





א

א

א א א א 







 K

 א  

 



א

،אאאא

א



א

אאאאאאאא K

 

אאאאאא

אאא







אא



א،

א



א،אא



،





אאא

א



א،





K

אאאאא

א



א

K

אאאאאאא



،



אא،אא



א





א א  

 K

א א אא  א     



א

אאא



אא





 א

אא    

 K

א

א אא  א 



אא

א K

 

    ،א א א א  א א 

א

א



א 

א  א  ،

א אא 



 א

אא

K

אאאאאאא

אאאאאאא

K

א

אאאא



K

 

אא א א א א     א א 

א א     ،א  א א

 K

א   

אאאאאא

K



א

 

אאא،אאאא

א

K

 

אאאאאא



א،

אאא

אא

K



אאא



אא

K

אאאא

אא

K

אאאא



א

אא

א

K

אאא

 א 

 



 K

א   א       א

،אא K

 

אאאאא

،א

א،אאאא

אא



אאאא



K

 







אא



אא





،

א

אאא



،א

א

א

אא



K



א

אאא





אא

אא

K

 





אאא

א

א

W

 

אאאאא  K

אאאאא  K

אאאאא  K

א 

אאא

K

אאאאאא  K

אאאא  K

אאא 



אא

K

אאא

אאא







אא

אא

א

א

אאא 

1

אא

W

אא

א

 

אא

W

אאאאאא



.

 

אא W

א

א

W

 

K1

אאאא

K

K2

אאאאא

א

K

K3

אאאאאאאא



א

K

 

אאא

W



א



א

٪85

 

 

אא W

6



.

 

אא W



K

 

אא

W



א







 J 1

  .

 

אאא

 



 

  

א א  א

א





אא      

א



אא



،אאאא،

א



אא



א





K

אאא

 אא (permanent magnet)

 אא   א  א   

(ferrait)

،



(Niodenum Boron Iron)



א (Smarum cobalt)

،



א

א



א

K

אא



F

אא

E





،א



אא



،אא

א



،



אא

א

א



،

א

א



K



אא א   א א 

 א





א  

 K

א

אאאאאא



،

א

א א  ،א



 א   



א    

א

K

אאאאא

א



אאא





אא

א



אא

K

א

אאאא



אאא

K

 

  1 -

אאא 1

א  ،א א 

F

א

 E

  א א  א

א



א

א

K

אא

K

 

אא-

W

א

א

،א

אאא

א

א

א،





אא

K

א









אא

K

 

אא -

אאא:

אאא

،אא،

  ،א א  א  א א  א

 

א א



K

 

א-



א



:(Permeability) μ





אאא

אא

א



אאאא





א   

 K

א

 א ،   אא   א 

אאאא

K

אא



אאא





אμ



א





(Magnetic permeability)



אאא،אאא

K





א

(Magnetization curve)

א،

אאא

א

אא



א،

،א  א א

 

א  

 K



א   א א 

א א 

 א

א  

 K

  



א 

 





 

א 





W

 

 1-1

r o



 



μo





אא

F

אא E

(Absolute permeability)

אא





אא

W

 

μ_o=4πx10^-7 H/m



μr



א



א



(Relative permeability)











א

K

 

א-

 א

 Ф

א א א א   א א    :

אא،א

אא

א

א



K

אאאאאא

K

אאאאא









אאאאא



א

K

אאאא

א

א



אאאא



K

 

 

 J



א

א

:B



א

א



א

א

א

א



L



F



E





W

 

 1-2

/m2 A wb

B

 

 J

אא

 :H





K



אא

א

אא









W

 

 1-3

m B h

H ^  /

 

אאאא-

:(Magneto-motive-force m.m.f)





אא











אN

א אא  א א  א א א   

 K



אא



אא،אא



K



(ampere.turn)





W

 

 1-4

m.m.f=N.I AT

 

אא-

:(Magnetic reluctance) Rmag



אא

אאאאא،א

א

א

א



W

 

 1-5

wb I AT

f N m

R_mag m. . . /

 

 

אאא

K

אאא

אאא،א

L

אA





אμ





W

 

A 1-6

R_mag ^ L

אאאא F



E







K

אא



א





،

אא

א

אא

K



א

אאא،

K





 J1

1



אL

I





B L



K2



 

 

אאאא

אF

אא

אאא

W

 

 1-7 F=BLI 

אא،אאא

אאאא

K

אאא





א

א،א



،אאא



א



אא K

 

  1 J1



 

 

1 -

 2

אאא



אאא

אאאאאא

א



א



   א אא א  א אא   ،א

אאאאא،אאא



K

 

אאאאאאא

אא

א

K

אאאאא











א



א





F

א

E

א

 J1

،6



אא





K

א

אאאא

א



אאא

K



 J1

א2



א

ABCDEF

אא

KA,F

אא

AB,

BC, CD, DE, EF





א



א

K

א

א

CD

N





KI







Φ

 

  אא א  א א  

 K

 א א

 J1

 6

אאאא



W

 

DE DE

DE

magDE A

R ^ L

CD CD

CD

magCD A

R L

 

BC BC

BC

magBC A

R L

 

AB AB

AB

magAB A

R ^ L



gap o

gap gap

mag A

R ^{ } L



EF EF

EF

magEF A

R L



   W^Rmag-tאאא



  1-8

gap o

gap EF

EF EF DE

DE DE CD

CD CD BC

BC BC AB

AB AB t

mag A

L A

L A

L A

L A

L A

R L











 ^{    }

 

 

אאא

אאאאФ F



E

N.I

אאא Rmag-t

،

 J1

אא5 W

 

1-9

gap o

gap EF

EF EF DE

DE DE CD

CD CD BC

BC BC AB

AB AB

A L A

L A

L A

L A

L A

L

I N











 ^{    }



 .

  א

אא



אאאאאא

K



 J1

א א   ،אא 3



א אא 



 א אא 

אאאא،אאא



אא

،

אא



א



K

אאאאא

א



K



 J1

אאא1 K

 

 

 

  אא2 J1

 

 



 J1

אאא3



אאאאא

א

 J1

 2

 



 J1

אאאא1



אאא

 

אאא



 

אאא

 

K

K



K e.m.f

 

אא



A 

R_ L

 

אא



R  I  E

 

א

A J  I

 

K

K



m.m.f

 

אא A

R_mag ^ L

 

א

א

Rmag

f m m. .



 



א A 

B

אאא



א،אאא

K

 

 J אא





אאא،

אאא

K

 

 J







אאא،אא

אאא

K

 

 J

א

א



אאאאאא





א



א



אא

K

 

1 -

 3

אאא





 J1

אאא4



א



א



K



א







אאאאאאא

K



אא

K

אא

p



،א

g





،אאא

 t



،א

 y



،אא

ac



א

K

אאא

K

אא

א



،

 J1

אאאא2 K



 J1

2

אאאא

אא

 

אא



א

 Φ



א B



א A



א

H



א L

אאא

א m.m.f

אאא

  Φ_m

  B_g

  A_g

  H_g

  2L_g

  F_g

 

א

  Φ_m

B_t A_t

H_t 2L_t

F_t

א

  Φac=Φm/2

Bac

Aac

Hac

Lac

Fac

א

  Φ_m

B_p A_p

H_p 2L_p

F_p

אא

  Φ_y= Φ_m/2 B_y

A_y H_y

L_y F_y

אאאאאאא

 J1



אאא5

،אאא





א

W

 

1-10

y y m y p p

p m ac ac

ac m t t

t m g o

g m

total A

L A

L A

L A

L A

F L f m

m     2 

2 2

2 2 .

.      

 

אאא4 J1

 

א

 J1

אאאא10

א

א

א

אא

אB

 J1

א2

 J1 W10

 

y 1-11

y y p

p p ac

ac ac t

t t o

g g total

L B L L B

B L L B

F ^ B ^  ^  ^  ^  2 2

2





W

,

א

 J1

א3

 J1

 11

1-12

Ly Hy Lp

Hp Lac

Hac Lt Ht Lg

Hg total

F 2 2  2 

  1-13

Fy Fp Fac Ft Fg total

F     

 

א

 J1

אאאאאאאא13

אאאאאא K

 

  1 -

אאאא 4



א

K

 



אא



א

W







אא

אאא



אא

K

א

א

אאא



א

K

אאאאא

K

 

 

 J1

 J4

אאאא1



א

K

 



 J1

5

،

L



FV



L



E



B L

אא،





א

E



א

W

 

  1-14 E=BLV sin(θ) volt

 



אאθ



א א

א،א

אאא

א

אאאא



K



א

F



 J1

E6

אאאאא



K

א

א،א



אאא





אא



،אא

א



אא



אא







אאאאא K

 

אאא5 J1

E

 

 

א6 J1

 

 

 J1

 J4 אאאא2





אא

K

 

א



،

א

(Faraday)

אאא

W

1-15

) ( dt N d

E 

אאאאא







אאא





א א א א  

  K

 ،א א א   א

א



א،א

F



 J1 E7

א،



א אא א



 

 אא 

(self induced )

 K

א א א  

،א



אאאא





א (mutual induced)

F



 J1 E8

.

7 J1

א

 