اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺰواﺟﻲ وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﮑﺎر اﻟﻼﻋﻘﻼﻧﻴﺔ

(1)

٦٧- -

. ! "#

$ %&' () * )+ ,-. (& /01

.2 3 4&+ &

+ :67&

() *+"

, -.

/ 01!+ 2!3" 45 6. +1 7897 ):+ ;< =+> ?@ A7 B9 C1>

.EF 9 GH> I< J GH> I< 39 1K GH>L M<N ;< =+>

O P>( () C" =8Q>

R8 ) S9 I1+ 9T U ;< =+>

VVV ( ) W!X1 4K( 9T U 7897 ):+ R8 V Y

( Z

[8\N () 39 B9 ) U *:N ]

&

^$1 3$ / ?<>L 1 U ( N _ `T -. () ab> c)T

) ?@ 7897 ):+ R8 / () 39 c) ?@ A79 ;< =+> R8 / de

?@ ( A79 23" 4T

C1\ J)f L ) 3g A7) :;< =+> R8 @T c) ?@ 7897 ):+ R8L : ) (1ij 9 c) ?@ 7897 ):+ R8L : ) ?@

5)kL U9 G>) :;< =+> R8 @T

1K>( B9 l1, m3@ @1N n(T >L 8o p1( 7 c / `@k> ;K8 p1:E qr>

)

(A7 U9 s1 1ij C1\ t"T u cA7 A7

_ c6 01+

!() !39 c) ?@ bv.

/

;< =+> R8L : ) I< 39 () 39 1+T )K9T C7>i_ N

d")K9T *5 U$w 3 1+T xv

U tAT)

&

I< 39 (3(

() 39 c) ?@ bv. _ c6 01+

: ) / =!+> R!8L

;<

() 39 1+T Iy J C7>i_ N U) d[y J U$w 3 1+T xv

%&

(1o5z+ 3(

01+ 9

() 39 c) ?@ bv. _ c6 I< =+> R8L : ) /

() 39 EFT 9 C7>i_ >$

.

:8-+ 9&

.7897 ):+ ;< =+>

Marital Harmony and its Relationship with Irrational Thoughts

Dr. Zafer bin Mohammed Al Qahtani

Assistant Professor of Psychology, Department of Social Sciences King Fahd Security College

Abstract:

This study aimed to identify the relationship between marital harmony and irrational thoughts, and to know that whether there are differences in marital harmony that attribute to variable of age during marriage, variable of marriage duration, variable of number of children. In order to achieve objective of the study, the researcher has used scale of marital harmony prepared by Faraj& Abdullah (1999), test of rational and irrational thoughts prepared by Sulaiman al-Raihani (1985), that have been applied on the study sample which consisted of (301) husbands in Riyadh City, Results of study indicated that there is no relationship between scores of study sample in scale of rational- irrational thoughts and their scores in scale of marital harmony. The study also indicated that there is a reverse relation (negative) between overall score of scale of rational-irrational thoughts and scores of scale dimensions of marital harmony (sexual relation, financial issues, picture of the other party). Results of study showed the relationship is non-existed or semi-non-existed between overall score of scale of rational – irrational thoughts and scores of scale dimensions of marital harmony: (expression of emotional participation, intellectual and value homogeneity, similarity in habits, familial peace, mutual confidence, method of children raising, attention of relation continuance, relation with relatives of other party, satisfaction of relation). The study also indicated that there are significant statistical differences between study sample in overall score of scale of marital harmony related to difference between ages of study sample during marriage in favor of the respondents who were younger (less than 30 years) at marriage, the results showed that there are significant statistical differences between scores of study samples in overall score of scale of marital harmony which related to difference of marriage duration of study sample in favor of the respondents whose term marriages (20 years and above), and non-existence of significant statistical differences between scores of study sample in overall score of scale of marital harmony which related to the difference of children of study sample.

Keywords: Marital Harmony, Irrational Thoughts.

(2)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٦٨- -

:2+

;< =+> $

Marital adjustment

U!

qE3 mK9 U Go: } d>"T ] usL d"T I<! ~!s c!K>" d[$ U u

c37o c$ w3K+ < I< A79 9 U$1k 418 U c3@) $@

I<! J1!( 4 / ?v>PL U t!o

*33@ p1"

(Hanslry&Pinsent,1995) m3@

w!" *P>( ;< =+> R8 cT ]! $8 U $ RA / "G c !9 t:!k@ p1( )18>(_ I<

GHv)

% V .(

) c"\ pKv M1$

%&&Y V

4T (

U9 J)9 ;< =+>

=@!\N )8N

?!@ ;!@ ;!89 ;9K> ;K9 ;E `!N@@ 1!i K[!3 t5 A ?<

!L tK tf> B9 J)8 `N(

.c+7 m>

b3) () c)T A

%&

!() (

)

%&Y B9 J1L t U $ -. (

< =+>

;!K> M>!L C7>i5 ;

?<! ?!@ pv>A_ /8o p1:E c!K>"_ c!"_ !L C7>i d!"T U! 4:$ A .K[3@ G:E> n(T ;!< =!+> B!9 J1L G:E> n(T ;!vPk t!$z>5 W7897 G:E> n(T L t$[!!> )!!

d!!K> !!H

. c>3>(_

q. sT 8

Ellis

1E ):+T ?@ A7

=3 `9 =\$ -. B[> `N+1vN `5(

:+ T

! )

Ideas system

w!" G!k$

1! c![ U! 1+ 3>$ -. [EL K9 U$1ij U9 d[ET U9 c8> ):+T !. q. 1 [ U 4 d X !789_ T G:EN / 8\3 789 4:$ 4T U 9 $ W7897 G:E> w" 8\3 _ m( 1f39 9 cw nH to =+>

!!8

! 9 J)

!!!!

!! t!!K B

@1k)

%&&Y Y%

.(

:0 &:2

=+> c_ T ;< =+> >$

U 1E C[$ ;9K>_ =+> T T / `N $1 u Kr3 cA79 A. `7i U t5 O I<

/ !< I<!

K!g K[!> u!k$ < A7 X A 7i U ] 9K>_ EF /E5) ;< =+>

VVV .(

-. $L t ( B9 C1> $ +!" ;< =+> 9 < c7:kL

!9 ?<! J9L K[ ((T !:> B

;< =+> =8Q> N, H [ !fi T qE3 mK9 U $ $ w

(3)

٦٩- -

J1!( B!9 1T ` L ;< =+> () !A !9 t:k@ uK> B9 li t:k@

!!()5 c!!() ¡!!@ c)!!T (Shanhong&Eva,2005) =+> B9 *$1T ]

<

t!5 cGH>!L ¡!@ `>A79 ; t9 / ?< `@kN 4T -. d8 vPk U! MAT ;< =+> B9 GzN ` vPk N) $ `T M1i t@ K[}kN GzN M! ;!< =+> d8 ?@ n .d8 / ?K>L Iy

) b3 () *3@

%&

! !9 (

=!+> m!( M>! / bv. 01+

4!g B!9 U$1>L 3 1+T M ;<

t"L < tK9 GH>L M<N ,vL =+>

m!3@ 9 zk3L @ @18 ) ;K>

?@ p1K 0)E I< 39 1K ?<!

M>! / bv. 01+ *3@ K5 U$1!>L 3 1+T M ;< =+> m(

J! GH>!L M<!N ,vL =+> 4g B9 !() ab> c)T A ~3 GH> I<

) 4v

%&&' _ c6 01+ 9 -. (

G c8+>L ?@ bv.

/ y c8+>L

J! m!3@ !9 GH>L N ;< =+>

c!¢ 4T !() ab!> *3@ K5 I<

;!< =!+> B9 GzN q vPk *3@ y c8+>L G c8+>K 3@

;!" !< [L E3 Jm( 4T ab>3

GzN 1o5 Jm!( £ ;!< =+> B9

.3g £ Kg

) ;KK> c)T A !(T 4T -. (

?<!>L U! 39 M ;< =+> 9 t!f> !9 c7:k / toK>N ?$

c7:kL ) 1\s E3 c7:kL .) H )v w5 $L

5 U! !$ c() ¡@ *QsT K 1$8N ^E¤ [3 ;< =+> 9 (T !T !39 !>5_ =8 ~EN) cw A =+> ;EP3 Iy 4T *3@ ?<

G:E>!5 @1\ vP c¢ d[$ 4:$

! :+ T ¥

! I<! !¦ 7897 )

K{)

%&&§

.(

G:E> T U ¨ 7897 ):+ N 2!( / c@1\!s -. pN A ] ;s1L

q. M1$ =\3L w" U 1E

Ellis

2!3" 4T

;!" 7897 c8>L ):+ U 9K ]! EF c@1\s_ U Go: U9 L 3 t8>$ 39 1k } v$

c@1\s_ R

7897 ):+ [9 p\3N ] c+1¦_

G ?9 ?N: :$ 4T 4© dz+

4k$ m( G d[ET B9 U$\3 ?+

G!H cw! y d"G:EN (T B9 m3@

c!1 c7!E> d[3>@ fi ;8\3

(4)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٧٠- -

8\ s1+ [ B9 d[ET B9 EN

1"F) U$1ij VVY

.(

n!g w" -. c)T ] c() U *!!!!E5 !!!!3$)5 !!!!()

) (Cardenso&Calvet,2004

$ -. *+" ]

c7:!kL t 7897 ):+) / 01E ^1!9T / )5w ?@ (Nw ):+

=8 >5_

Gz> ¨( GH>K5 1K 1T

! )5w 4T -. ab>3 c)T q3g -. p!$ A ª E>« E cEf 41[$

2! !>5_ U! E>« n )[|

c7:!kL !¦ ¥! `> 4T /1¦_

?!@ 01!E 1E GH> 5T " 9K>_

T / )5w `$ =8 >5_ ^19

d!8N )!:+ q:N O 7897 ):+

U! ;!" u!EN1 c6 k+ ¥(

M> ^E¤ 4T 1[| K5 >5_ bvi t! 45 M @ Nw ):+

!>5_ ^19T / ?3g ?@ 01E d(, !8

! ! =

! !@1 t

! n!F !" u

.¬r3 4Q>(_

07\ ~EN) 4T O M1$ =( ª ;bv 1$18>) B9 m3@ p uK> /

07\ I<

Y J). U! )v (

$ @1 :KL / J)y@ mv u! 07!\ 2:f . 4z@ 156 pw ) !@ :KL d5{ / >oL ®E

V (

) :f

% !. !@ $ ¯:f (

) ^$1 8\3 / 07\ 2:f Y&

¯:f (

3@

% / 07!\ 2:!f . U %

. c)T B9 m3@ $ @1 :KL ;< =+> 9 (T U c() !

93> y c7:k c+7i U X A , T 5$ A uK> J1( 45 e Q -.

! 9 O

! ;!< =!+> !A79 U

.7897 ):+@

:0 9$;)<

:!k / `!39 O$!, =( ms / () c!() U! $ ` *fN

: > Q3 B9 `N_±N O ²f

# ;!< =!+> ?@ A79 N t"

() 39 M 7897 ):+

³

% # M<N ;< =+> / 01+ N t"

() 39 M I< 39 1K GH>L

³

# ;< =+> / 01+ N t"

M<N

() 39 M I< J GH>L

³

# M<N ;< =+> / 01+ N t"

() 39 M EF 9 GH>L

³

:0 =>1

#

>

!!!

! 9 C1

!!!

!

!!F B

!

A7

!!!

!

!!@

!

!!+> ?

! ;!!< =

7897 ):+

!!

.

(5)

٧١- -

% # =!+> / 01+ 23" 45 6. +1

;<

I< 39 1K GH>L M<N .

# =!+> / 01+ 23" 45 6. +1

.I< J GH>L M<N ;<

# =!+> / 01+ 23" 45 6. +1

.EF 9 GH>L M<N ;<

:0 ?1

/ `>T OQ w" n>:$

:

# / O!Q w!" !T UK:N !3N

;!![E )!!:+ ;!!< =!!+>

.K[3@ A7 7897

% # w!!" / !!Q c!!() J)!!

$! !@1 !:KL / q! ~sL U! !fi ´1! UF! / t@ nQ+

;!!< =!!+> !!()@ !!K>"_ O!! .Iy M 7897 ):+@ `>A79

# !s. !() w" >N -. J!$ +

;!!< =!!+> / ;:!! 1!!>

.7897 ):+@ `>A79 # J+. / () w" d[N A ?!L

p1!( ;< ) a1@ B9 ?Kb8 07\ n ¡E $9> a ¨\P> / .;< =+> =8

Y # / () w" d[N A a dKvN

=!+> c!A n3 / J9L $)

$1( E3 Qv J =8Q> ;<

.uK> /

:0 9&@2

#

Marital adjustment

:

) S!9 I1+ C1$

VVV

%§

=!+> (

t8N M -. GN ` "`z@ ;<

?@ c79E> \ v{ N < A7 U!9 G!> :[!3 `93> n / ?<

!" `!1> 1ij C1\ 19kL )1K>!( B9 l1, m@. `+ 8o `N1(T d8 / K[3@ `@k> )8 U9 + ` A7 _ J c ):+

0EN n!(T

J1!( !< 0E. `T EF k3N "A7 / ;3g ~@ )k -. +s@

O C1$

;!< =+>

/ !b1.

z@ , () [9 tvX ] )

I<

R8 / ;!< =+>

w!" / P>!L

.()

% AAA AAA #

Irrational

Thoughts

:

) S!9 U¶19 C1$

VV

% (

)!:+ U! 9K" :z@ 7897 ):+

9sL @ v>N ] 8\3L G F

!Fi cKKN c3N cAN B9 K>N !3> U! B!9 K>N T [vbvi U L c!: u =E>N _ )@ t$[> H

."1E 8

(6)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٧٢- -

O C1$

!7897 ):+

!b1.

!z@ , () / t!vX ]! !)

[9 I<

/ !7897 )!:+ R!8

P>L .() w" /

:0 8

/ () w" Q>N :Nj c_

:B+ C # w!" ! 1v>8N

+1 B9 () ):+@ ;< =+> A79

7897 !() w!" c K5

@ c [+ P>L

c! F B9

[ 1L . P>L a[3L B9

% :+ C # !() w" c1v>A

B9 .^$1 3$ / 1 U ?<>L

:2 C # !< , Q>N

/ () w

§

# ' .

:D":E C # B9 () w" 1v>8N

.^$1 3$ / ?<>L 1 :F"G. HI

1 J

Marital adjustment

:

c9!sL U ;< =+> [E >$

U ` L `N$1 qE3 d9 } d>[$ ] K[L J1!( ;9K>_ ;E3 )18>(_ q· T =!+> UK!>$ 9 t:k@ uK> fi pw! ;< s1 < J ;<

n(3L )>i_ / =+> / toK>$

1ij C1\

n, [+ i < JQ >(_

t!K ;!3g ~_ ?< ?@ >L B!9 J)8 E>PL < J, c

)18>(_ =8 $[3 / £ U e7:k t

\) < J ;<

VV&

.(

) 41i¸ qN M1$

(Gattis,et.al,2004

4T

U! Q>$ @ > [E ;< =+>

!vPk / ?< ?@ `@k> ) 7i !e¢ / =!E>N `y U9 OQ$ 1E+ w .` [>+8

) ;\L!!9 C!!sT

%&&

=!!+> 4T (

n!(3L )!>i_ / =+> UK>$ ;<

>(_

![+ i! !< JQ

t!K ;!3g ~! >L n, c7:!kL t! B!9 J)8 cL J!! ;!!< !!s1 )18>!!(_

Ke7:!k ![ B9 dKv> <

.K[3@ ¹ r_ =8

) ;\$18 T VV

§Y =!+> C1+ (

<

;!8 t!f> d3> ) " `z@ ; B9 9$ ?< ?@ ;3g ;EF )!k B9 J18> >@ y cA79 m3@

c!A> =8 B9 K[3$ J s1@

U! 51>kL Keº tv>$ [ <

."c91f c7:k c@f

>+ w G:E> , w3 >ª ;< =+

>!(_ u! )>i_ K9 m@ I< /

(7)

٧٣- -

u )>i_ 6 m9T tK B9 J)8 £ w d"!$ ª ;3g ~ >L n, 1+N .;< s1 =8 < J /

8N J1K> K9 ;< =+> $ U!

²1+ U d>N _ w 4< `E$ 7i ¡@ P>(_ +s. f> [ n\>N .

w ;< =+> f E3 c_

=!+> / 1!N ] t U 9K 23[+

:[T U ;<

# :;EF ng ! =+>@ ;< =+> 1z>$

?!@ ;EF

< J, / b) ) n$ O ?<

=+>!@ !v8$ [AEi. T [» / m(

1!ij !¦ ?< U t5 qX 4T ;EF N)_ )>9_ 1$8> JL n, )k@

M> )A 23" 4:$ 4T ;EF ;E3

>L EF cA7 U 1 1+>@ KN

w! !¦ K[+N ?< ?@ 43KF_

=+N) m\

VV§

.(

% # :;3g ng ;< =+> B9 H@ GzN ;3g =+>

;" ?< ?@ \@1 p8N 3g A7+

)!E3 ~! n, ?@ 21>kL d(8 + ] u+ T " ;3g ~

Jw! q [+ I<@ 1E [88 -. B$

!$F !E > `3: JGvA $ ?@ >L ~>K>(_ Qv `+"T U t

!E 1ij -. ?< 75 U:( ?<

»

! .

! J!@ ! ] ~

;(1) VV

.(

# :?< vP ] ?< vPk@ ;< =+> 1z>$

!8+ 1E [+ mk ] $1( E@ 1z>N I< I6 } J( J1(T / I< zk3$

O! ;< =+> =8Q> <E{ 4:$ ª N I< ¦ ´. 1E M >$

n!

=!+> =!8 / !K[ ) vPk c¢

*fN cK N U `9 U ;<

!E_ a!3 :[!3 c() ¡@ ` 1!E M! ¨! [ <51 ?<

`N+1!vN ! I< tA U 2) >_

¦ 1E cw [E 1ij C1\ c+1vN `E $ <>_ 1ij C1\ ¦ 1+!N J!, E3 c@1\s_ U ¥3 @!!v ?<!! ?!!@ t!!f> cT ¬!KF M> vPk ¨ F_

;9) ?<

%&&

.(

# :I< 39 1K u!K> / I< 39 1K ¨(> >¼ A

cK> U9 uK> J)8 8+ 6 M1i

1E `3 0<N1$ tK9 U J, l1+ G+N B9 m1!o !@ uK> 3@ `$z$ pw U:L

(8)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٧٤- -

1!:L I< c_ 4T 8+ "+1

%

I< `3(

c_! [39 a> < `3(

?<! ?!@ d"!EN m!( 1N!N 07F U)

%&&

.(

Y # :I< J 1[!T J9 7i ;< =+> =8Q>$ A J!L 4 !6 $F c3( 01H>$ A Iy U! > ;< =+> =8Q> y7 C1| U 4< ` ^1>$ B9 m3@ 1ij » 8+ w ; ;vPk M>L B9 N A ?y ?@ ;< =+>

w3 <

?<!>L M! » _ A ? / J@ J1>+

C1! C7>i_ u1$ A 6 o o$

:t!o J$9 ( I< 1K>$ A K[3@

1!i¸ tb9 9 ?< EFT 4!< >$ A I< J F u JT1K

> ) *5 K[ A7 w" t:

K[3@ =+

;9)

%&&

.(

7!i G!H> -. ;< =+> t© A )!8>@ <!K>N - t!1L+ J, J) J1iz!>L t!1L <K>N K3@ :N_ $k =!>$ !K+ ^!E> ½!83 [L@

4T ;!\ U! J!8 \ d:Q>@

U! 9 I< J

)!>E ?N1!

51>!!kL c)1!!8 \!!k / 83!!

p1[k)

%&&V .(

§ # :EF =!8 ]! t T EF ». >$

!H@ \@) ¾k3$ ?< ?@ n, )8>

;E3 d[8+N =8 / d"$ [+ K[3@ =K !8> !1K5 $ N O ;<

?< )T / " cGHN . -. pN ) !Q>$ ) -. I< ) Q>+

?<! )T -. +!s. ) -. <

=!+> B9 J)A n\>$ Q> w" 8@

u U@) ) w" u

&

"

! .(

) p) 1+ 156 VVY

EFT 4T (

$ ?<

45 6. fi ;< =+> / 1

A 4T 6 c3( *( U 3( tAT EF U9 @ T T ?< wiz$ A $ tEF K[3@ t9E> B9 1$ A ª < A7 ª U$1+ U @ 1+T 7 B9 *A ~y$

M1!$ .;!< =+> B9 1$ A ;!(1

) K{

%&&Y ?<! m!3@T ! 4T (

p!8N ]! cGH>L U d"1K9 d[KN ![g fL K[rkN ?< ?@ @1 8Q>

! +> =

!

< =

!

+¹ ;

! !9

;9 /)

%&&

.(

c7 1"L U 9K ;< =+>

!fN !8+ `! B9 N ] ¡!@ *

:[T U ] 1"L w" U 9K c()

# s1

! 9

! U!9 w!5 I<! U

.1ij C1\

(9)

٧٥- -

# / ?<!! ?!!@ 4!!> u!!s>

.) mT

# )![| !3 (;E G) tf>

.K[3@ >L n,

# J!, U!9 !s1 J@ )k

2 E3 1 .8L ;9K>_

# .pv>A_ 4> ;3g ~

# C1!!\ U!! J!!L d9!!

t!! / d"!!$ !!ª J1!!( 1!!ij . [@ c7:kL

# .;E3 U@ m3@ )

# !\ B!9 ?< U t5 v

cA> u c5 0EN $ ª `+"T c7:!kL t B9 J)8 r_ w5 .K[ c9L ¿8N

# 4T O! t!K / JmE: ¬r3

t 1E )18>( $<$ A 1E ;< =+>

;9)`K9 /

%&&

.(

K J AA AA AA

Irrational Thoughts :

! c)T ] d"EL U [EL w" $ qE3! mK9 E(7E U$1:EL ?@ (

J)!, / E!(7E m)¸ -. )w! N ®$)!N `! ;K9 [EK5 `3: ©8 q. cT $ 6. O$

Albert Ellis

tbT U

` fT ;: 1> -. i U$w [EL w" q. f A .K9 _ À

vPk (( c:L T )>9@ 1+

"¢T ] `>$1 / m7Á f w" 1[| O ;5! !E_ W7!8 I7! $1

(^Ellis,1994) .

q.

Ellis

/ 2! /1L R(

B9N $1

(^ABC) 1!E 4T M1$ O

;!" !} 1!© ] c GEN e6 , q E_ `@1\s U9 L : > Q3 B9 `>$1 8$ e6 c T

.¨k 21{ (A)

(A) Activating.

.789 _ c8> (B) (B) Irrational belief system.

.E r> (C) (C) Emotional consequence.

.(7897 ):+) kA3 3EN (D) (D) Dispute.

.1 (E) (E) Effect.

I6K3 8F

A.B.C

c_E_ 4+ q

19kL J! T [N _ (C)

(A)

c8>L ):+ r> [3:

]! (B)

4T pT U9 3$

) B

?@ tf J< ( (A)

n!) c_E_ U9 L ;" (C)

J * (>5 =A 49 =$1F U9 E_ `@1\s ¡Ei 1E u\>$

I6K3 u(N (^ABC)

v$ Oº (^ABCDE)

(10)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٧٦- -

J)! G! E_ r>3 U P> pT 3EN ¡ n\>$

(^D) 7897 ):+

1L 1 -. f (^E)

c_!E_ U!

$) =+> J)

%&&V .(

q!!. C1!!$

(Ellis,1979:18) )!!:+

G! !F ):+" z@ 7897 8\3L !9 Nw@ d>N ] A G

B9 3L vPk m"@ 1z>N 9sL U! U! a$< Fi cKKN cAN u! =!E>N _ ] HL t$[> K>_

."A 1E c:.

156 (Gillilan,et al. ,1984) q!. 4T

Ellis

-. )T U 4:>$ 1E M c8>9_ = 4T

)!:+ !78 )!:+ :! U$T<

U! KÁ 78 ):+ v>N .7897 A 8\3 ):+T :T [3@ U bv

B9 1E 9N uA u 8> pT N )1!Q> ;!E3 =+> `+"T =8

U!

~@ -. 1E@ pN E_ c@1\s_

!K5 U$1ij u ;9K>_ t9E> @

U! $<N T U9 + 8\ ):+T * T t[(T C =8 v$ J >L 19k B!9 [+ c8>9_ U Wo =3 T .3 `vbvi / ¡83 4. O! =3 U

!. U!9 L ;" 7897 ):+

/ n =+> 9 E_ c@1\s_

K5 1E M H@ \N1L ^19 d

U9 + `5( `N G:EN B9 1\N T !1 G 8\3 G A G ):+T T / NK

!Kb7 G! 8\ [>F

[!39 $ J)( G E ab> -. pN to c@ cH3 t: / E 1E p!N (4T p)1 U 4T ;H3$ 4T n) bv ab> 4:N cw ©<" -.

$ /) d> K9 $1\E

%&&V .(

8

! !

! q!.

Ellis

@>5 / !!!

8

! E_ t !!!!

;!E3 I7! /

Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy (Ellis,1977) )!:+T ">9 J1:+ 1k9 M.

E3 c@1\s_ U9 L ;" 789_

1E M G:E> / Â$kN . -. pN ! J9 U$1i_ u cw u =+N 9 U Go: G:EN / d:Q>N ):+ w" t:k>N M! J! ):+ w" )5w 3 ;![+ c!K> t!5 / R3 U

): ?H ?8"1L EF M J ;!" !E>« )v ):+ w" m) 4:$

!!E\ !!1 w!!3 !!@1> m!!3T !!K3N (Robb&Warren,1990) .

q!. !} !A ] c() 7i U / [!o· U! U!:· 8+ 7897 ):+

À! c6 *! KA T J1:+ J1k9 M.

(11)

٧٧- -

!789_ )!:+T `!>$1 n! c>9 :/ 7897 ):+ w" toK>N

# :(4Q>(_ $z> nF) - J1:E

!$ @{ Pk 4:$ 4T p)1 U U 9K> 8 .`@ ?\¹ u

# :(;!vPk K: mH>@) o J1:E

Jm!E: U! !) B9 1E 4:$ 4T n

K: ) ng u / y» +3L .1$8> 8Q> KA T 6 `E >$ Ã

# cw! !b< !) !oo J1:E

@ 4Ev>$ R3 ¡@ :(U$1ij !w3 1k

A!$ 4T n! w O Äg .O 1$1k d[+1vN B9 Jk@ 7$

# :(!vL T ): uAN) @1 J1:E

_ 39 J(z T 8 + vL ): .

39 T 4:N 4T n1 K5 m =8

$ q:9 `A> _ ¦ B9 .1E $1

# !!!7) !!! J1!!!:E

R! !9 !(> 1[N :(E_

!! C1!! n!!@ J!!@

B!9 J)!8 !>© _ 4!+ )

J)!8 q! ] ` `<T / d:Q>

.[9 J1\

# :(b< K>"_ =8) ( J1:E

T 23"

= d B9 ON E« JG\i m

!Kb [ uA>$ 4T 1E B9 I9<_

?! [!>[ [ t> > 4:$

.[9A

# U! :(c7:kL n3) @ J1:E

c7:!kL 1!E n3r>$ 4T 1$ t@ t+ .[>[ U t+T 6 4 cL

# o J1:E K>$ 4T n :($K>9_) 3

P 23" 4:$ 4T ;H3$ U$1ij B9 1E . `9 K>$ `3 MAT

# :(<r@ )k) (> J1:E

Gz!N !, 2 sL c

1T 1T 23" 45 6+ `3 U:© _ )A ;sL

+ 1E J B9 J8@

1K>$ C( 1 w" 4

.`E Gz> `

# n!!9>L I!!9<_) J1!! J1!!:E

L (> 4<,@ 1E 1k$ 4T n :(U$1ij .n9v c7:k U 41ij `$

# :E

!

$, J1 !!!

k9 !!!!!

1

Qf t 23" :([· , K5) . `. f n 1E c7:kL t5 ab!>3 4:>!( t, w" $ Å 6. )5 JG\i (^Ellis,1994) .

W!X1) CsT A V '

-. ?N1!:+ (

?N!" q!. " ] 7897 ):+

: ?N1:E

# J1:E ;H3$ :($g ¢1) 1k9 o

u! `N / $g ¢1@ Pk d>$ 4T

(12)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٧٨- -

$1ij

!!

!1>{ : T KA ` 4:N Ã U

.R3 ?@

# :(Iy ?@ A7) 1k9 oo J1:E

=!>$ K+ d" ;" t1 : 4T / _ .J¸1L u `>A7@

M! 7897 ):+ ?@ A7 3@

!$1 c<! 8+ ;< =+> ?@ I<

! ?@ q ;5 E_ W78 I7 ;!< =+> =\L ;< =+>@ BK$

=!\L ;< =+> \v Gk$ 6. ¥3 [9 tvX ] =+> ) -.

`>A79 / 1E

.8\ o G$ =+ [K8$ 39 <

-. ¥!3 ;!< =+> \v Gk$ K3@

`!>A79 / 1!E [9 tvX ] =+> ) U!:© A G$ =+ [K8$ 39 <

) t!@) 8>$ .[88

(^Roble,1988 d! 4T

U$w Iy de! / c7:!k U 4$

U$w Iy d" E v>« 41$ <

4T 4!8>$ =\L ;< =+> U9 4oQ$

d")! 4 X =+> w" to =8 9 Iy U! 1i¸ ~ $ `T K5 J@

-. d![\N r> y c7:k U 4$

;y =+N n@ 6 U:KL U 1o5T ¥

¡@ 23" ¥3 =+> U9 789 _ cAN d =8 _ y A79 / 1K>$ pw Iy W7!8 I7! $1 >N @\L J !8>9 d[$! Iy m_" to 4T E_

T " < J U , w" 4z@ ¾Fi BvA

.d[$ t$ `T `9 v, U:©

<+ 5T A (Davies,1994)

cA> ) B9

!8+>L G! < cA7 / 7897 )!:+T M>{ I< } 1:E$ ] 8$1\

;!y =!+N -. W7!897 G:E> p$

W78 G:E> p$ s ;y =+N -.

2 A t+T (^Nock,1992)

c6 !A79

U9 I< [¶ ] 7897 ):+ ?@ _ A7

!

<

! 9

! +>

! ;!< =

GHv /)

% .(

:) 90

) Kg U M1T

%&&

*+" () (

!7897 ):+ )k> U9 k: -.

)!k>_ !) C7>!i M \ ?@

F ?@ A7 B9 C1> q3g C7>i@

E_ c@1\s_ ¡@ 7897 ):+

) U () 39 *:N

%&

!F F (

W!X1 !7897 ):+ R8 =\N Z V Y ):+ 4 -. () ab> *fN

) ?@ 1k>3N 7897

&,%V Ç " / (%

) ,Y 1o5T )5w 4T B9 " / (%

7897 ):+ U J J1:+ / U !:+ / )5w U 1o5T K3@

U! ?N1

1!T ab>3 *3@ K5 7897 ):+

(13)

٧٩- -

\ ?@ 7897 ):+ )k> B9 q3g c@1\s_ 7897 ):+ ?@ A7 4T )¦_ t k5 K5 bv. E_

c@1\!s_ º 3> :. U9 J>L E_

.7897 ):+ 7i U

*!!!!E5 !!!!3$)5 !!!!T (Cardenso&Calvet,2004) -. d[>!() *+[+

t! !7897 )!:+) / 01E $

! )5w ?@ (Nw ):+ c7:kL GH>!K5 1K 1T =8 >5_ ^19T / 39 *:N q3g Gz> ¨(

U! ()

) Y§

) ! to· (T U 8"1 ( 'Y

(%

) )5w to©

%Y K9 M (%

!!!

U! p1

)

# ' )5w 4T -. ab>3 c)T 9 (

!A !ª E>« E cEf 41[$ !>5_ U! !E>« n )[| -. p$

!¦ ¥! `!> 4T /1¦_ 2 c7:kL 01E 1E GH> 5T " 9K>_

=8 >5_ ^19T / )5w ?@

)!:+ q!:N O 7897 ):+ `$

U! ;" uEN1 c6 k+ ¥( d8N M> ^E¤ 4T 1[| K5 >5_ bvi t! 45 M @ Nw ):+

!>5_ ^19T / ?3g ?@ 01E d(, !8

! ! =

! !@1 t

! n!F !" u

.¬r3 4Q>(_

!E$. a A

(Shanhong&Eva,2005)

q GzN M B9 C1> -. *+" ()@

1!K U$> d8 c"_ / ?<

! @ c_E_ d> M>

=!+> B9 vPk M: qK t Jm!E:@ R ?< U t: ;<

) U! !3 *!:N <

%V Iy (

c!!9K -. Iy 3!!vN Z !!y -. ab>3 *fN () cGH> / }k>

B9 GzN ` vPk t9 / ?< `@kN 4T t@ K[}kN GzN U MAT ;< =+>

d8 ?@ n N) $ `T M1i

>L Iy M ;< =+>

.d8 / ?K

) 1!@T () *+"

%&&' !+1 -. (

3\E cg F M 7897 ):+

() 39 *:N cGH>L ¡@ [>A79 ) U

% ~\A / cg cF F U (

P>!( + (BvA 1"y 7() J<

:+ R8 O !9. U! 7897 )

) WX1 4K(

V ' () ab> d"T U (

U 1o5 789_ ):+T d[$ )5w 4T !789 _ ):+T d[$ M>L F 4T ):+ > _ u@1 M>L F U 1o5T U:! 4!: C7>i@ 7897 78 1+

¨!(>L ti p6 4T *3@ K5 3 p6 U uEN1L ti p6 U 789 _ 1o5T

(14)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٨٠- -

_ 1o5T 1"y F 4T ¡EP3L ti .7( g U 789

) 4v *A

%&&' -. *+!" ()@ (

c8+>L G c8+>L ?@ 01E U9 k:

@ / y J pGH> vPk cGH>L ¡

U! () 39 *:N m3@ 9 I<

)

§ Z !1:L !: U! $( JT1 ( ;A!( $1 ;< =+> R8 P>(

) V § 9 -. () ab> c)T (

G! c!8+>L ?@ bv. _ c6 01+

y c8+>L GH>!L N ;< =+> /

() ab> *3@ K5 I< J m3@ 9 =!+> B!9 GzN q vPk c¢ 4T c!8+>L G! c8+>K 3@ ;<

[L E3 Jm( 4T ab>3 *3@ y

> B9 GzN 1o5 ;" <

£ ;!< =+

.3g £ Kg Jm(

) p1[k () T

%&&V -. *+!" 8+ (

;!< =!+> ?@ A7 F U9 k:

=+> / 01E +1 vPk c¢ ¡@

?!KL M! vPk c¢ ¡@ ;<

t!"L) cGH>!L ¡!@ ms / ?<>L 9 ;K>

I<! J J1( / EF

U () 39 *:N A (I< 39 1K )

&&

$o \(>L 1L ;K U d ( =!+> R8 O P>( J +Q

) S!9 I1!+ !9T U ;<

VVV (

=+> ?@ ( A79 -. ab>3 *fN

<

?@ A79 @v ; \ JEv _ ?@ ;< =+>

01!+ J ab>3 *3@ K5 GK 8$

!r> ;!< =+> / bv. _ c6 / !EF 9 ;K> M>L C7>i_

< 39 1K I< J J1(

.I

) !$ !() *+" A

%&&V -. (

!78 )!:+ )k> B9 C1>

#

!A7 E3 Qv c$> 7897 !" !:9 F U 39 M d[3@

) *H@

)!>i P>( Z F F (

c1![|T W!X1 9T U 78 ):+

)!:+ )k> M> / ~EN) ab>3 9 () 39 1+T M 7897 !7897 ):+ u / bv. 01+

!7897 J1!:E m3o>(@ q3g GH>L p<N 01+ 9 -. ab>3 c)T K5 + u / bv.

M<!N 7897 ):

1!k9 o 7897 J1:E m3o>(@ 3r G! ?!) !\ ?@ 01+ ?N `! 01!+ ! 9 *3@ K5 ?) GH>!L M<N 7897 ):+ u / bv.

!A79 ! -. ab>3 c)T vP>

( FN) 7897 ):+ ?@ bv.

.E3 Qv c$>

(15)

٨١- -

) 1@f A K5

&

-. *+!" !()@ (

J1! t5 7897 ):+ U9 k:

1\!!s J!!@ )!!k@ !!"w@

) U! !() 39 *:N vPk

% (

) !!F !!F

&' )!!56

&' (!!.

> *QsT ! !A1+ 23" 4T () ab

7897 ):+ ¡@ / ?3g ?@ bv.

! 1!o5T )5w! 4T ab>3 *QsT O U! =\L s1 8 c>3>(7 U9 "w ) ;vPk t$z> uKg K: !$K>9_ -. U!© È7 !

/ !k> ) / HL t$[> 8\L *E!k5 J@ )k R3 d[+ 2).

U t:@ ¨N1N 7897 ):+ ¡@ 4T ab>3 ¡!@ *\N) K5 J@ )k "w U! t!5 c$>! 7897 ):+ @T .J@ )k "w

A ) b3 *

%&

-. *+!" ()@ (

L t ¡@ B9 C1>

=+> m( /

=+> 4g B9 ?Kb8 1 [ U ;<

c< Iy U [9 U$1>L xvL U () R8 P>( Z ¨8 +{ / U! () 39 *:N o 9.

)

% (

,!vL =+> 4g B9 ?Kb8 U 9 ) Y =!+> 4!g B!9 U$1>L U Iy ( t! nN1N U9 ab>3 c1E(T ,vL 1! [ U ;< =+> m( / L

: !>5 *!5 ,vL =+> 4g m9T ;3g ;K3> ;EF vPk 4!5

;!< =+> m( / L t nN1N =+> 4g B9 U$1>L Iy 1 [ U ;vPk ;K3> ;EF : >5 ,vL ! 01!+ ab>3 *3@ K5 ;3g / U$1!>L m!9 c1$8N ?@ bv.

> m!( / L t / ;!< =!+

!9 *3@ w5 ;vPk ;3g U$

=+> m( M> / bv. 01+

4!g B!9 U$1>L 3 1+T M ;<

t"L < tK9 GH>L M<N ,vL =+>

m3@ 9 mk3L @ @18 ) ;K>

< 39 1K ?<! ?@ p1K 0)E I

bv. 01+ () ab> *3@ K5 3 1+T M ;< =+> m( M> / GH>!L M<N ,vL =+> 4g B9 U$1>L .~3 GH> I< J

) ! A

%&Y -. *+!" !()@ (

> M> B9 C1>

01!F ;!< =+

)>i_ 9 1o5 G$L J, $1 )>i c!< Iy ?@ 01E J, $1 () 39 *:N +1© cGH>K N ) U

§%

) Iy ( Y

$ U y (

!9. U ;< =+> R8 P>( Z

(16)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٨٢- -

*5 O =!+> M> 4T ab>3 d"T

) M ;<

§,Y 4!5 !3 1+T U (%

) M EP3 V,§

!K3@ EN1 45 (%

) M \(> ;< =+> 45

§ K5 (%

/ b!v. _ c6 01+ ab>3 *3@

01+ q3g GH>L M<N ;< =+>

+> / ;!K t!"L GH>L M<N ;< =

. d> B9 ?f, xv

) CQf () T

%&Y -. *+!" 8+ (

)18>!(_ ;!< =+> ?@ A7 +1 !: !3$ ?<!>L U 39 M p1(

) U () 39 *:N 1:L

% y (

)

%§

3$ U Iy ( P>( 1:L :

pÉ! 9. U ;< =+> R8 O )

%&&

!FN) A79 ab>3 *3@ (

!: !) ?@ bv. _ c6 p1!( )18>(_ @T ?@ ;< =+>

c6 01!+ N _ `z@ ab>3 *3@ w5 ?@ bv. _ =!+> c!) c\(>

01+ w5 1K GH>L M<N ;<

=+> c) c\(> ?@ bv. _ c6 / I< pv>A_ M>L GH>L M<N ;<

t!i M>! U Go:@ tAT I< ti

!_ c6 01+ ab>3 *3@ <

c\(> ?@ bv.

;< =+> c)

! / !< ;K> M>L GH>L M<N !K5 B!9 ;K> M>L p6 Iy

bv. _ c6 01+ ab>3 *Qs M! p1( )18>(_ c) c\(> ?@

;EN1 xv ;< =+> ;EP3 ;EN1 .;< =+>

L'<

:) 90 M&

8@ c() ^1>( 7i U >$

*!3N ] c() U G5 9 23" 4T U: J$9 cGH> ;< =+> ?@ A7 !A7 *3N c() B9 O tvX Å !7897 ):+ ;< =+> ?@ J1L Iy M !A 1! w" ^$1 3$ /

$

! !"G U9 "<© () w" fT U y<

.c() U

()@ *A 8@ c() ¡@ 4T » ?!@ 01!E 7897 ):+ )k>

) !Kg U! !()5 ?3g

%&&

(

7897 ):+ 4 -. () ab> *fN ) ?!!@ 1!!k>3N

&,%V Ç "!! / (%

) ,Y 1!o5T )5w 4T B9 " / (%

/ U 7897 ):+ U J J1:+

U! ?N1!:+ / )5w U 1o5T K3@

1@T () *QsT K5 7897 ):+

)

%&&' 1o5 789_ ):+T d[$ )5w 4T (

!$ !() 4 !» ? / U )

%&&V / bv. 01+ 9 ?N (

(17)

٨٣- -

u

q3!g GH>!L p<!N 7897 ):+

*!A K+ 7897 J1:E m3o>(@

)!:+ / 01!E !$Q>@ c() ¡@

!()+ ! )5w! ?!@ 7897 (Cardenso&Calvet,2004) )5w! 4T *QsT

`> 4T E>« E cEf 41[$ L ¦ ¥ GH>! 5T " 9K>_ c7:k

^1!9T / ! )5w ?@ 01E 1E !K5 7897 ):+ `$ =8 >5_

!@ Nw ):+ M> ^E¤ 4T 1[|

?!@ 01!E d(, t 45 M t! =!8 >5_ ^19T / ?3g

" u@1 *!3@ ¬!r3 4Q>(_ nF

) 1@f ()

&

"

! ! !A1+ 23" 4T(

7897 ):+ ¡@ / ?3g ?@ bv.

! 1!o5T )5w! 4T ab>3 *QsT O U! =\L s1 8 c>3>(7 U9 "w ) ;vPk t$z> uKg

!K: !$K>9_ -. U!© È7

/ !k> ) / HL t$[> 8\L c!() ¡@ *A K5 R3 d[+ 2).

`>A79 ;< =+> / 01E ()@ 8@

4!v !() *QsT 8+ cGH>L ¡@

)

%&&' b!v. _ c6 01+ 9 (

=!+> / y c8+>L G c8+>L ?@

I<! J! m3@ 9 GH>L N ;<

) p1[k () *3@

%&&V 01!+ J ( !r> ;!< =+> / bv. _ c6

/ !EF 9 ;K> M>L C7>i_

<! 39 1K I< J J1(

!T I

) ()

%&Y ! -. *fN 8+ (

;!< =!+> / bv. _ c6 01+

=!+> / 01!+ q3g GH>L M<N ?f, xv ;K t"L GH>L M<N ;<

) CQ!f !() d> B9

%&Y (

v. _ c6 01+ N _ `@ *3@

?@ b

GH>!L M<N ;< =+> c) c\(>

b!v. _ c6 01+ w5 1K M<!N ;!< =+> c) c\(> ?@

t!i ! / I< pv>A_ M>L GH>L *3@ < ti M> U Go:@ tAT I<

?!@ b!v. !_ c6 01+ ab>3 GH>!L M<N ;< =+> c) c\(>

p6 Iy ! / < ;K> M>L b3 () » K3@ B9 ;K> M>L )

%&

! 01!+ !$ _ `z@ *QsT (

M! ;< =+> m( M> / bv.

=+> 4g B9 U$1>L 3 1+T ,!vL

) ;K> t"L < tK9 GH>L M<N !39 1!K m!3@ 9 mk3L @ @18 *!3@ K5 ?< ?@ p1K 0)E I<

/ b!v. ! 01!+ () ab>

!3 1!+T M ;< =+> m( M>

+> 4g B9 U$1>L GH>!L M<N ,vL =

(18)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٨٤- -

.~3 GH> I< J

A c!() / P>L c3 *93N

!3 !F q3g O U 8@

K5 / P>!L !() cT *!93N q$!8 c>!( ?@ 8@ c()

J<"

?o 9. U M1iT A

cK>9

B!9 [rb> -. f / 8@ c() U c39 ?<>L

K> t1L U 7\

)5w! U! !3$>L 3 )K9 E>PL

cE>(

() ,

U c()

8@

/ m3@

)F p13 l!

=+>!@

;<

7 )!:+

!789

/ )!>i

n(

bv_

() cT 9.

K5

cE>(

() ,

U 8@ c() /

() / u>L a[3L $

ab!> GEN /

8@! c!() ab>3@ [K9N () w5

! 3 ~ dr /

! P>L

!!

/ ()

>

, () c() U9

8@

[+ () =\N Z ] 3< J1>E / 3 /

! U () [9 =\L ?<!>L

.^$1 3$

:9N"I D"

:O1 0 P3.2 :

pw ;FN)_ ;Ef a[3L O P>(

23" 45 6. X 1o5T T U$GH> ?@ N)

U! ^1!H 4!+ `9 N)_ w" ) / t!oK>$ oQ a"3L U ~3 w" P>(

cGH>L ?@ " 9 T A79 $

79@T) () ~s VV

Y .(

:QR :0 ST

4:>$

, () uK>

<>L u U ?

/ ^$1 3$ /

§ / ' .

:OUR :0 .

! !o· !() uK> to· 4K U! *!:N bk9 39 )>i@ O A

)

&

?<!>L 1 U ( ;!$ ! /

:() 3 =A f

) W X (

"' 0 . SDZ<

[ .

[ . "'

' E).

U tAT

&

3(

%%§

'Y.

U

&

1o5z+ 3(

'Y

%.V

\]

^_X X__._

!!g U!! !!>$

) ( *!!1N `!!T

!!39 1!!K !!8+ !!3 u!!$yN n!!

) ?@!!! I<!!!

%,V %

# 'Y, (%

1!K ! t!AT *!5 O

&

3!(

1!K B!9 !3 *!5 !K3@ 1o5z+

U tAT

&

.3(

(19)

٨٥- -

) W

` ( [ a2 0 . SDZ<

[ a2

' E).

U tAT Y c3(

''

%Y.§

U Y U tAT -.

&

c3(

''

%Y.§

U

&

U tAT -.

Y 3(

Y' .V

U Y -.

U tAT

%&

3(

' Y.§

U

%&

1o5z+ 3(

.

\]

^_X X__._

) !!g U!! !!>$

% ( *!!1N `!!T

?@! I<! J!L !8+ 3 u$yN n ) , %

#

%Y,§

*!!!5 O!!! (%

) U!! Iy J!!L !! t!!AT

%&

3!!( ( B!9 !3 *!5 !K3@ 1o5z+

J!L

) U!! t!!AT Iy Y

Iy J!!L c3!!( (

) U!!!

Y t!!!AT -. (

!!!!!!

) U

&

(

.p>@ c3(

) W

^ ( a"0 * W-H 0 . SDZ<

a"0 * W-H

' E).

EFT $ _

&

.

U -.

m3@T Y

Y&.

U -.

§ m3@T '

%Y.V

U 1o5T

§ m3@T

&

&.&

\]

^_X X__._

>$

!

! ) g U

( n *1N `T

?@! J1( / EF 8+ 3 u$yN ) Y&, %

#

&,&

! tAT *5 O (%

) U 1o5T EF

§ 5 K3@ m3@T (

!!

*

3

! 9

!!!

U EF B )

-. (

) .m3@T (

(20)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٨٦- -

:0 91 :Q'

# !9T U! ;!< =!+> R8

) S9 I1+

VVV :(

) U!! R!!8L 4!!:>$

J1!!8+ (

:;!!" !!@ 1!!k9 !! B!!9 !!9y q!r> ! 5)!kL U!9 G>) / `@!!k> ;!!K8 p1!!:E c!!

!8o p1!( 7! !3g cA7 !!@1N n!!(T !!L )!! !!>L !!A7 )1K>!!( B!!9 l1!!, m!!3@

t!"T u! c!A7 1!ij C1\ J)f (!!A7 U!!9 !!s1 1!!ij C1!!\

c1!!8E w!!" U!! J1!!8+ t!!5 *H!!f `!!()© 5!!( [!!3 t!!5 !!vN O!!º 1!!E !! !!< `!!N / I<!!>L

2! ! ! nr>!L X M>! !$Q>@ J1!8E B!9 @ d>N

!!()ª

!

!!

!

!! I<

! / )!! 2

8E

!!!!

1$!!8> R!!8 n!! J1

!! JG!!5 !!)@) : !!> ;!!(K

!!)@ \!!(> !!)@ JG!!5 !!)@

.(=\3N _ A

!A !8+ R!8L c! 0f R8 R!!8L 0!!f R!!8@ R!!8L p!!

!s1@ !6 ?!K:¹ 0!f P>(@

!!v / ?!!K:¹ U!! !!9K B!!9 7!f U! !5z> t!T U qE3 d9

!! =!!+ 4K!!K c)!! R!!A =!EN !A R!8L / cm! ] @ 7!!f B!!9 ?!!K:¹ u!!

c)!!

!!K5 `!!T U!! *!!s !!L [!!>m7 R!8L 0!f U! R!8L p! 5zN P>(@

!!!!!

O!! ;i!! 0!!N_

) @

&,Y .(

c! !º R!8L p! A A !8$1\@ c!o t! !@ O! R8L

) Ë15 ET

&, .(

/ R!8L c! 0!f U! =8Q>

!!()

! ,

!!

! O!! !!A

:Nj c\@

T

# i 0!!N_ 0!!f

!!!!

:;

N_ 0!!!f !!!, !!!!!

0

i

!!!!!!

A ;

!!!!!!

O!!!

º

!!!!!!!!

!!!!!!!

c7

N)_

!!

!) R!8L !3@ ?!@

:

!!!!

K>3L

!!!!

£ `!!.

8L !!@T ?!!@ !!A7 !!

!!!!

R

)@

! :

! 8K

! .R

#

!!

!

!!N) c7

!

!!(G@

! 4

!!8

!

!!A7 R

!

!!@

!

!!3@ ?

!

!!8

! R

!!+>

!

!!< =

!

; !!)@

:

!

! K>3L

! .

! :`

(21)

٨٧- -

) W b ( c .+ 'E& & d2 . eE< 92'2

f:+ ! gE'

F"- ,h 9' * :

).i '

N)_ t

&.§&%

**

%

&. §&

**

&.§%&

**

%%

&.Y

**

Y

&.' &

**

%

&.''%

**

§

&.§ '

**

Y

&.'§V

**

&. %Y

**

%

&.'Y''

**

%

&.Y§§

**

&

&. Y§

**

V

&. §%

**

'

&.Y &

**

p1( 7

>L 8o L )

m3@ @1N n(T

N)_ t

Y

&. Y &

**

&. VY

**

§

&.'§§&

**

%

&.'§&%

**

'

&.'V%

**

&. V%

**

V

&. %§

**

&. Y&

**

&

&.'§%§

**

%&

&.' &Y

**

&.''Y

**

&. §

**

&.'§'Y

**

&.§VV

**

A7 )1K>( B9 l1, 1ij C1\ J)f

1ij C1\ t"T u cA7 A7 U9 s1

N)_ t

&.'%§§

**

%

&.'V'

**

&. V

**

V

&.§V'

**

§

&.§&Y

**

%

&. §%

**

'

&. '

**

%

&. §§

**

&

&.§&%

**

%Y

&. &V%

**

%V

&.'§&%

**

&.'VY

**

&.Y&

**

%§

&. %

**

&.' §

**

%'

&.V

**

M> 39 **

&.&

) g U >$

R!8L 3@ u 4T (

M>! 39 . ;K>3N pw ) u ) _

&.&

4:$ w@ ( / R8L 3@ 9

b[3 `N)f ) U 4:>$

.3@ (

%

# R!!8 4!!(G@ !!N) c7!!

8 !!!@T ?!!!@ !!!A7

!!!!!!

R

+>

!!!!!

!!!< =

!

;

!!!)@

!

:

! 8K

! :R

(22)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٨٨- -

) W j ( d& & d2 '1 eE< 92'2

'E eE<$ k2'2

5)kL U9 G>

&. &Y

**

L )

&. &&

**

;K8 p1:E qr>

&. §

**

m3@ @1N n(T

&. §§

**

c / `@k>

&.§&%Y

**

A7 )1K>( B9 l1,

&.' Y'

**

3g A7

&.§'&

**

1ij C1\ J)f

&. '%

**

p1( 7

&. V'

**

1ij C1\ t"T u cA7

&. '

**

>L 8o

&. Y%

**

A7 U9 s1

&.'%Y

**

M> 39 **

&.&

g U >$

) Y !N)_ c7 4T (

: )@ R8L @T U @ t5 c) ) ?!@ ¬1>N R8K

&. '

#

&.§&%Y (

) M> 39 bv. [

&.&

!ª (

0f U 9 )@ d>$ R8L 4T -. Gk$

.;i 0N_

# R8 c

;!< =!+>

: !A

=+> R8L ;: co t º O !@ Ë!15 ET t P>(@ ;<

)

&.V§

=!+> R!8L ;: co t (

3 b<r> P>(@ ;<

) @ Ev

&,VY .(

4T 8@! cm1! u! U! >$

U! !9 )@ u>K>$ ;< =+> R8 .co 0v

% # 78 ):+ R8

# U 7897

) WX1 4K( 9T V Y

(

) U R8L 4:>$

K5 789_ J1:+ (

q. [s ?N1!:+ W!X1 ![. CsT

U 4:>$ w@ @1 u n(3>

) (

! ):+ w" U J1:+ t5 789_ J1:+

c1!8E 9 v R8L B9 c18+ u@) ) t:5 R8L B9 Y%

J1!8+ t5 T J18+ (

d) ;b3 I)N

# U!9 (d) @ >N (_

A ")>i 6. I< B\$ 7897 J1:E J1!:E ¡!+) (_) !@ N 4>) !) !")>i 6. I< B\$ 7897 ?!@ R!8K : ) ¬1>N J ) Y%

#

&

) ) N O (

&

A U9 (

U!9 N T 7897 ):+ uKg lQEL ) ) ) W7897 G:E> U 9 Y%

(

7897 ):+ uKg lQEL ¡+) U9 N W7!8 G:E>! U 9 ) U9 N T A , () / R8L 0f U =8Q>

º O R!8 4(G@ N) c7

78 )!:+ R!8 @T ?@ A7 !

#

:R8K : )@ 7897

(23)

٨٩- -

W ) l ( ' d2 '1 eE< 92'2 –

d& &

'E eE<$ k2'2

4Q>(_ $z> nF :- J1:E

&.Y%V

**

3o J1:E :

$K>9_

&.Y§'

**

o J1:E :

;vPk K: mH>@

&.''%

**

(> J1:E :

<r@ )k

&.Y§

**

oo J1:E :

U$1ij cw b<

&.YY

**

J1 J1:E :

U$1ij n9>L I9<_

&.YV

**

@1 J1:E :

): uAN vL T

&.§%

**

1k9 $, J1:E :

[· , K5

&.'%

*

J1:E

: E_ 7

&.§%&V

**

1k9 o J1:E :

$g ¢1

&.'&

*

( J1:E :

b< K>"_ =8

&.'&'

**

1k9 oo J1:E :

Iy ?@ A7

&.§&

**

@ J1:E :

c7:kL n3

&.Y'

**

M> 39 *

&.&Y M> 39 **

&.&

) g U >$

§ ):+ @T nT 4T (

: ) u cFN) *88 7897 _ M> 39 )>i7

&&

) "9

(

!39 `! cFN) U$@ =8 ? / J1:+

M>

&.&Y W!o 1!k9 p, ;"

!@ !N)_ c7! *1N 1k9 )@

) ?@ R8K :

&,'

#

&,' .(

!A !, () ;E(8L c R8 R!8L ;!: c!o t º O !ET t! P>!(@ !7897 ):+

Ë!!15 ) !!@

&.'§

c!!o t!! (

P>!(@ !7897 )!:+ R8L ;:

) @ Ev3 b<r>

&,§%

.(

!8@ cm1! u! U! >$

!

!!!:+ R!!!8 4T

!

!!!78 )

!

#

!!78

!

!!>K>$

!

!!)@ u

!

!!9

!

! v U

!!

o 0

! .c :Q)2n

:o@8I L0

P>(

n!( U! !9K O!

c! U! =!8Q> 3 f bv w!" ![rb> t! () J)T 0f :;" bv n(

.$L n3 c)1:> - .4(G@ N) t - .Ë15 E t - .p)L C1¦_ ´, ¨(>L -

:0 9n :Q00

A - c!() -. ~1!@ O!

;!< =+> / *oº ] 8@ º .7897 ):+

cT )!>i !9z@ O! A -

.(3L () d!" () uK> )>i@ O A -

U ?<>L

1

! $ Z ^$1 3$

uK> oKL 3 .()

(24)

. W\Q8 K{ U@ 1+|

: ;< =+>

7897 ):+@ `>A79

٩٠- -

u () cT =\>@ O A -

c_±N B9 @Í bv. [>g c .K9 J)v@ ()

:Q'0 0 Po

:

W Wp) :

A q < k>

A. rA A A s0

P>(@ O A w" B9 @Í c!) ?@ A7 R8 4(G@ N) t R!8L : ) / () 39

)!:+

=+> R8 @T / de) ?@ 7897 qr> 5)kL U9 G>) :;<

/ `@k> ;K8 p1:E !A7 c!

)! >L 8o p1( 7 3g )1K>( B9 l1, m3@ @1N n(T L ij C1\ J)f A7

!!

A7 1

!!

c

"T u

!

\ t

! ij C1

! (A7 U9 s1 1

g Èj

tf> Z ] ab>3 s$

! :

W ) t ( d+ & q ' d u0g eE< k2'2

'1 q + &

0 . r d

d2 '1

eE<$ k2'2

$ r)2

' vw

5)kL U9 G>

#

&.&&YV G

3

;K8 p1:E qr>

&.&&&§

G

3

c / `@k>

&.&§' G

3 `

3g A7

#

&.§

* M> 39

&.&Y (() :9

p1( 7

#

&.&%

G

3 `

>L 8o

#

&.&'V G

3 `

L )

#

&.'§

* M> 39

&.&Y (() :9

m3@ @1N n(T

#

&.&

G

3 `

A7 )1K>( B9 l1,

#

&.&%%

G

3 `

1ij C1\ J)f

#

&.&' G

(() :9

1ij C1\ t"T u cA7

#

&.&' G

3 `

A7 U9 s1

#

&.& % G

3 `

: )

;< =+> R8L

#

&.&§'§

G

3 `

) g U >$

' T !3 A7 4T (

)!:+ R!8L : ) ?@ 3 ` =!+> R!8 @T c) ?@ 7897 qr> 5)kL U9 G>) :;<

7! c! / `@k> ;K8 p1:E m!3@ !@1N n(T >L 8o p1(

(25)

٩١- -

9 l1, t!"T u cA7 A7 )1K>( B

`T -. Gk$ ª (A7 U9 s1 1ij C1\

R8 / () 39 c) ?@ A79 N _ !@ N / de) ?@ 7897 ):+

G! ab>3 N *5 ;< =+> R8L .bv.

U! !>$ K5 ) !g

' 2!3" 4T (

!: !) ?!@ (!() :9 A79 c!) ?!@ !7897 )!:+ R8L !!A7) :;!!< =!!+> R!!8 !!@T C1!!\ J)!!f !!L )!! !!3g *!EN) !K5 `!T -. G!k$ !ª (1ij )!:+ R!8 / !() !39 c)

!!7897 !!N / de!!) *!!E¤

*!5 ;!< =!+> R!8L @

!!N

! !!39 b!!v. !! c!!A7

M>

&.&Y . !3 ` A7 4T g U >$ K5

?@ 7897 ):+ R8L : ) ?@

-. Gk$ ª ;< =+> R8L : ) N _ `T / !() 39 c) ?@ A79

!78 ):+ R8

# ?!@ !7897

< =+> R8 / de)

!!

*5 ;

.bv. G r>3 N

AAU WpAA)

* x"AA AA< kAA> :

A. "A' gyA+ rA'<

s0 . r [

B9 @Í P>(@ O A w"

?>9!K ?!@ 01!E !_ (c) )>i c) / 01E B9 C1> 6 ?>8>

!91E @ : ) / () 39 !39 1!K C7>i!@ ;< =+> R8L Z ]! ab!>3 s$ > g I<

: tf>

) ( W z

( [ . "' =n d2 * 0 . 9 * x"- $ (9) En

'E [ . "'

' {)C |0+

F'+ ="}$

9

$ r)2

&'

U9 G>

5)kL U tAT

&

3(

%%§

.

&.

&.'

&.'V

G &. & .'Y 'Y 1o5z+ 3(& U

p1:E qr>

;K8 U tAT

&

3(

%%§

.§

&.'§

&.&

&.§

G &. .YV 'Y 1o5z+ 3(& U

/ `@k>

c U tAT

&

3(

%%§

.§

&.'' .&

&.%'%

G &.§V .Y% 'Y 1o5z+ 3(& U

3g A7 U tAT

&

3(

%%

.§&

&.V

&.&

&.V'V

G &.VV .§& ' 1o5z+ 3(& U