• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

– 613 – ¯ :

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2023

Membagikan "– 613 – ¯ :"

Copied!
32
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

:

!"# $% &'( &)

* 1

, ,

. !"# / 0 12

* 2 ,

#$% $&

* #4 56 02

8 12 8 1432

;<=

#4 6.

15 8 02 8 1433

<=

,

?@

A B '( : )*

+, -.

/ 0 123 4$ 56 789 :,; ; ,<=> 4?@ A+B C;+ D$E FG H 4

I

5$ '=9J K?6 L6 D$E FG H 4/ M?N$ O?FPJ QJ +, R O?N<;S

526 FGS TFG ,

T?U86 ,?;V QJ #$% $& FG 5$

W, XY W, 4Z[ 0 \]

2009 2010 I _S D`$$ aBS ,T?=;$ ab FP H 4/ H;]$ aB -. +, cU;= D,dB

D%e;$ 5$ 4bS 4/ H;]$ \ fFJ,>

: ,_6. &SS ,W, 4?Z<; H;]$S ,W, H;]S ,?9 h=S , $ ij=S ,kKE

lP m(S ,5; H;]$S T>n. '=b

?UZo. > Dp qB >. r[CK$

α<0I05 I 0 5F; %][J 0 ?UZo. > p $s+. s?n 'js+BS

4/ H;]$

t;F]= $ ?9 4$6 uv( N( I 6I5

t;F]= $ $ ij= 4$6 uv( \o 0 ,T$s+. L6x abS % 0I9

% T$s+. 4_x S I

S 0

,? yP/ ,<=> 4?@ $ !`C;+ QJ zp {|

, D$E FG H 4/ H;]j 3FK; s;P+ 59j y;

I

C?! 'D

?=,x D$E FG ,?ZC8 D}] ,4?Z<; , $ f}=B ,4/ : I

________________________________

_________________________________________

________

Factors Influencing Shyness among Jordanian University Students: A Field Study

Nedal Kamal Al- Shraifin(1), and Ahmad Abd Allah Al- Shraifin(2)

Yarmouk University

(Received 29/10/2011; accepted 09/01/2012)

Abstract: This study aimed at exploring the influencing factors of shyness among Jordanian university students using stepwise multiple regression procedures. To achieve the objective of the study, the shyness scale for university students was administered to a random sample consisted of 526 students from Yarmouk university students, enrolled in the second semester of the academic year 2009/2010. The results revealed that the shyness level among students was low. Furthermore, the Correlation Coefficients between shyness and each of: Gender, parenting styles, Faculty, academic level, academic achievement, physical handicap, religiosity and height were generally low, but statistically significant. All predictors Contributed significantly in explaining the variance in shyness. Faculty factor explained 6.5% of variance, which was the highest contribution, where the parenting styles factor explained 0.9% which was the lowest contribution. Based on these findings, the standardized multiple linear regression equation was derived, which can be used for predicting shyness among university students.

Keyword: Shyness, parenting styles, Achievement, Personality traits, Jordanian University Students.

________________________________________________________________________

_ ________

1

#,8$ p;+B

~ S ~d, k[K Q6 Q]N ,

? ?b ,

#$% $&

,.

,

?jd€ ?=,x 9j ,

A ! 566 ~ ‚$ ,

21163 (1) Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational indicative,

Faculty of Education, University of Yarmouk Irbid, Jordan, p.o box: (566), Postal Code: (21163)

XS9  :

[email protected]

e-mail:

2 6]$ p;+B

~ S ~d, k[K Q6 Q]N ,

? ?b ,

#$% $&

(2) Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Educational indicative, Faculty of Education, University of Yarmouk

(2)

E : ']? 1† 4/ 1† J E

N( ,1

5S, €SKJ }b ,MS%$S f_F? sK6 ‡@

&, z;j t=ˆ l/ [ T[‰S tJ ;b 0 5$ RŠ t=BS ,k[K NY 5$ r[CK$

{ e

D[Z 5$ %‹S I

0 a$ 4Œ N( zp $S

5$ )SB $ L6 T+?_ ,4/ 1† ?][K A;b s† Ž;o ,HVx ?][K  };

S,F$

Zimbardo

6 4/ lo 1977

, S ~*

\YoF }; t?&J 0 ‘|S ,S t ab

<=

)*

Fitts, Sebby & Zlokovich, 2009

I ’?o

D+, 0 TP$ Tj= 1%Vx DK] Dsd T=S ,so|S  ?;= ;1 )*€ ?sK

”> (b 0 (x 1?o 0 %2ˆJ ‚;

(Hane,

Cheah, Rubin & Fox, 2008

I

7;V y; D<PZ 5$ T?Š,J 4/ S TYo ?Y<F sE '+ N( ,s[J lo aYoF

T@ YbB 498 4/ s[$ ‘?|;

TN + ab }6

Spere & Evans, 2009

, R&,$ R }b

7S,S

Margraf & Rudolf, 1999, 5

t=ˆ 4/

:

• aB [ y; 7_ –KŒS ,lFN %‹ R/

[ s?( 46[;

5V— $

˜ I )™`$S a]?= $B

Nelson et. al, 2008, 606

t=ˆ 4/ ( š6 N(

:

• ~3 498 ?6};&> 7_ 0 o ,8

T?b ?6};&> 7_ –KŒ -.

˜ I ,S= %8S

Bandura

Q; ?j6 6 ,P; 4/ aB -.

F 5$ (› y6};&>

a]9,. N; }K? ,P?< m?

Erickson

,P; $x ?;= 4/ aB

y&9?]

Stranda, Cernab & Downs, 2008

I

'SKJ y; D[; 5FJ 5$ Q‹ L6S yS ,TFNJ tJ=9$ L6 œ[J> QJ t=B >. 4/

:

&?][S ,?b]S ,?[=>S ,?(

? , S

-. aYoF V %‹S N ] D[; 4?@

t=ˆ 4/ 7J :

4[ S, L6 l ‘PZ$

5jr;JS ,?6};&> 7_ 0 [ ?F]

)*

?F] S :

,8S ,R/S ,ONS ,J;

>

,J y6};&> #] 'FbS ,o 6S ,#F

‰S ,_;

,4‰; L6 1,N 6S ,‡<;

?;= RŒ,>S ,Q[ R[&S ,–N D ž 1S [ sjŸ y; ?F] ,9(xS ,D* NY 6 5V— $ 46[; L6 1,N 6S ,tJp 56 I

_S 3 AF+x +, aYoF lSKJ

5$ Ybˆ l/ [ D[‰S 4C ,+,

 — <K L6 D+, zJ cU;= ?CJ 59jS :

[?d / N(

4C 3 AF+x 2008

:

,(x H 5$x 6 68$

S $ –?+B

(3)

:pjKS ,]E D_6S :‚S ,

~ I _S 4Y$ \?$E FP D+, 'j;

\]o +,

,2009

#K aB -. D,dB y;

; y; D[Z 5$

7Z a. p. ,l/ –P ¡

–K;S ,?6};& D_`6 59J 0 ‰ t O?r ,8S ,’¢ ';8;S \ –GC;

y6};&> 46[; {K2B 0 o 6S I

y$E –P $9; ?ZC8 {K S T(

T?++B !@ * ,$ES y$E –P

[ ?ZCd {K L6 D$E I

)* O?N<;S

4$ +, };> 5$ > ab ] ?ZC8 ,s;FP 4/ 0 23J y;

5$S Q2 R; a£(

L6

Ho. 498 O?_ 498 4/ PFJ 4$

@ 0 ?++x DP/

aB 59j 5* FP

¤J uN ?6};&> 1{[9 ?jK; ?][K 16] Q€

I

* s[$ +, ~ ’<F yK6 N(

D+, 5$ #KS ,D$E FP 4/

z?d +, cU;= D,dB N( ,zp lo '&B y;

,8$S

Cheek & Melchior, 1990

-.

_`6 &S

y D* N; B ]¦S 4/ \ t?GFJ, :

,y[?† 4FN;]S ,]E 1,NS ,D* o

?jbx 1,NS ,X}]E sS I

MS%$b $B

Cramerus, 1998

H&B N( , ,?6};&> $C ’?j+ $& FG L6 +,

6 &S -. sU;= D,dB y6};&> 4/ \ _`

 * NKS D* yF] Q??N; 5$ 4bS ,s& 5$

4/ H;]$ aB -. z*b cU;K D,dBS ,R/S

‡= H tK$ L6B ab ,b* H I

+, 0S

D&,$S ,S,

Roeder & Margrat, 1999

L6

aB -. sU;= D,dB ,?=x D$E FG ’¢

H T,8;= 4/ $ YbB 5$ ab FP $B F]K FP

%51

7_ aFK; 5* F]= '=bS ,

ON ?;= ?6};&>

%47

t;F]= $S , %18

aFK;

lS3]$ Cd $B ’¢

I

S ~%F+ H&B HVB s& 5$

. k=[

(Spere

& Evans, 2009

-. sU;= D,dB +,  B aB

\?$E FP 4V 1 0 Qs]J y; 4$

?Zo H;]$ XJS ,’¢ D,s Qsb`;$ 6 Q¥ e D[

, Qs?Z@ XJ -. (|.

W, I 4/ H;]$ aB -. z*b cU;K D,dBS

Tr[CK$ ab ?9$x D$E FG H I

l;]b $B yF=KJS ybbSBS DS, S

Crystal, Parrott, Okazaki & Watanabe, 2001

4/ \ _` ($ -. '( +, S&B N(

D$E FG H HVx ?ZC8 D}+ § S

?= S ?9$B l‰B 5$ ?9$x ,

D,dB ’?o

(4)

j 2ˆ; FP H 4/ H;]$ aB -. cU;K ¡ _ ¡8$ +, 0S ,–P ‚

(Hoyos,

( 2006

4/ \ ‰/ D+, cU;=

?9$x D$E FG H ?(NY l‰xS ,

iFJ D$E FG H 4/ aB sU;= D,dB ?(N2 4$

?(NY l‰x 1> a9jb FP

?[/S 4›

œ N;

, &S -. D,dB }b

–P ¨?Z<; H;]S 4/ \ ©96 fFJ, I

Kb 0 J%FB $& FG L6 +, 0S

University of Alberta Canda

=Sb$ &B

Macdonald, 1998

‡= aB -. sU;= D,dB

,b* 5$ T`V YbB I

, t|,J $ *S M +

Bas, 2010

+, cU;= D,dB ’?o -.

aB

T`V YbB ,b*

a8 ‡= aBS ,‡= 5$

&S -. (|. ,,b* 5$ YbB ?][K 1o _`6 .

?][K 1oS 4/ \ ? ª ,

H&BS

M>9?$S =`&

Hoglund & Mcholas, 1995

\ _` lo +, –=* ,8S 4/

|J 5* ?9$x D$E FG H –reS 5* FP aB -. sU;= D,dB ,m?+ «B D/

T`V YbB Q m?+ «B D/ |J FP 5$

4/ H;]$ abS ,D/ z; |; ¬ 5*

,b* H tK$ L6B ‡= H I

loS H ?j?; Rx ­|S ?®B

4/ D;]j s;_`6S QsPPVS D$E FG D%dS a}+S =%J +, cU;= D,dB ,Q¥

Turner, Husman & Schallert, 2002

#`;$ aB -.

1‚[¯ 1_ N <| ?FN;] R› FP ,Q; P8=B 0 fC=` FP T?(b k? tK9S

Q¥ 4/ 5$ §[CK$ H;]$ O?N<;

, Q 4

Q; D?Œ+ 5$ #`;$ -. &<

 * Q?K;S I

N ] D+, ;+ l`V 5$ °o`

y 1 +, 'SKJ y; D+, Q$ aB 4/ PFJ 4$ aˆ T}6 ,?FK&B D+,

±

$ o -. (NY R`;V 7;

I ?®B 5$ Q‹ L6S

~ ‡ aB >. ,–P ?ZCd {K 0 1

² 56 ’<F 'j; y; D+, N;[

³; S ,yF] #] * 0 Qs]J y; 4$

,*& E$ s;E$S sK$ ¢ L6 4j I

_S

, )* D{&

R; R¡ + L6

§ ,S

D%e;

4$

FG H 4/ N;

´YoF o`$ ?;= z*bS ,?=,x D$E aB \

SB b,8j ;+ Q¥ k? FP 5$ T%Yb ,9(x ­G SB ,­PJ y; D>™]; 56 &

6 4/ 6B ,s†S ,µNK 0 lVS 0 Qs?

(5)

yF] #] ‚ · ,QsU`$ $B QsYo {K2B ,Q¥

* 4/ h|j };> 5$ > ab

){,S 5j9J y; AF+x 56 ’<FS I

DF F]= 1 ?;= +, 98$ 'NYF=

'?o _S ,D$E FG \ ?b] D`98

;> D`98 )*

’<FS } I

N(

§ D,dB

\?$E FP &$ 0 1 -. D+, #K aBS ,?][= ,8;+ D$V L6 lZ<

18 ’?o 5$ FP D`98$ L6 DBG D%eJ hKS I D`98 5$ 4/ fFJ,> T=S

Z 0 T?++B T,¯ ),F;6S ?[=>S ?][K <

4C 59j 5j( ,?][K −

5$ %8J }b

aB D+,

©[K 7?9; 56 y$E –P œ

$

?$E m?F ,

?J?¢ D> 0 N; 56S

R; e +, )*  ˆJ * ,[;C L6

4/ 0 123 4$

, S qˆ aYoF N; y;

iFJJ ,?FK&x D+, 0 sr lSKJ QJS ,4/

4Y$ ? D+, 0 €SKJ Q; ¬S :

,kKE

, $ ij=S ,?9S ,y$E H;]S H;]S ,W, 4?Z<; H;]$S ,59] a9$S aS ,5; H;]$S ,D_6. &SS ,~Z;_>

;lP m(S ,1„F )* ,S @ ŽK]J $ p. t=x

c$ QNJ D$E a9$£ a9?+ D%e;

–P ²ª ,S 4?[J 4&B 5$ (€ d,

H;]$ \]@ ³; S ,4/ 5$ X ab lo 0 S ,FP H ?][K <Z Q2 5$

D$E 16]$

5$ 'm8=B ~* ,S O?N@ L6 {K S t&B

y$E –P =;S $9; ?ZC8 I

@S T 6 &¸ '+ +, )* a£(

L

?J— m+x :

1 D$E FG H 4/ H;]$ $ .

+, D%e;$ {| 0 ?=,x

ij=S ,kKE

,?9 h=S ,59] a9$S , $ W, H;]S ~Z;_> H;]S ,y$E

,$E 0 yjbx 4?Z<; H;]$S ,1«›

aS ,_6 &SS ,–P 5; H;]$S lP m(S ,1„F

?

2 ?UZo. > Dp _`6 #K 4 .

α<0I05

D%e;$ 5$ %e;$ º4¤bS 4/ H;]$ \

??=,x D$E FG H +, 3

$ . ®]$ '®+ y; D%e; –?JJ

?UZo. > Dp

α<0I05

%e;$ 0 5F; %][J 0

??=,x D$E FG H 4/

G2

+, )* ?®B OYFKJ 5$

\F=&

š~= lSx :

(6)

+, a£( K ?®x ’?o 5j( ,yN?FPJ XYS S 56 789 0 Qs]J 4/ H;]$ \ _` _

aB 5$ T_`P= ,+, D%e;$S D$E FG H %‹ l‚J $ 4/ H;]$S D%e; )* \ _`

<|S I 1,K 1& (|. +, )* J }b

4$ 56 789J y; ?<S ? D+, E FG H 4/ 59J 0 ®]

D$

I 5$S

)* cU;= 789J aB 59j ?N?FP; ?®x ’?o –P 4V 0 Qs]J y; 4$ 56 +, ,D$E 0 a S a?K s[N;?( ,y$E {&.S ,?&`6 c$ S iPV |S L6 ajS a9? 1 )* 5$ ¢ L6 4jJ ?6n P8=B y$E –P ,( Z;_ []( -. Ž_ T;K$

R, 1S‚$ + ?ZCd ~p –G cC;

46( 498 tFN;]$ 59J L6 )6]J y; D,sS I

5H! IJKL M"?

7_ 0 [ ?F] 4[ S,

?6};&>

,

?F] 4[ S, 5jr;JS :

,J;

S ,ONS

> ,8S R/

,J ,o 6S ,#F

,‡<; ‰S ,_; y6};&> #] 'FbS –N D ž 1S ,4‰; L6 1,N 6S ,D* NY 6 ?;= ;RŒ,>S Q[ R[&S 6S ,tJp 56 [ sjŸ y; ?F] ,9(xS 5V— $ 46[; L6 1,N

I NS +, 0 M

M?N L6 –?;] s?6 4ZŸ y; &, ?¢

\[„ ),G ~* +, )* 0 C;]

\[„S

I2011

% FG 5$ K?6 L6 +, K?6 D¼;_ -

1v?; NP ,?;V QJ #$% $&

I

y $C;] +, 1B - :

?N$

4/ M

\[„S \[„ 4F_ 5$ ,P

I2011

7; 0 ¯ C;] 4/ s[$ -

yU&

I

H?40. N$?O FG ?n 5$ +, j; a9J ?j+ ?=,x D$E 0 \?=,x M,9F

W, 5$ XY 4Z[

2009

½FS ,2010

Q6 1,S 56 ,Z yUZo N; %8 }b

yj ’<FS ³ Q?;

2010 165644

QsK$ ,FGS TFG

70181

S TFG

95463

FG

D$& „6 L6 \6$

I

40

#$% $& FG 5$ +, K?6 ,?;V QJ 1v?; NP

Available Sample

4j T= ;

§ ,?;V aYoF _ ’?o ,$E 0 \YoF

(7)

NP ?=]=S ?j D?9 5$ –8 ,F8 y ,?;V> 1oS '=bS ,NK ?U8 +, K?6 (B 6 ½ p.

FGS TFG 526

I

2 +, )* 0 aYoF C;+

4/ M?N$

\[„S \[„ ),G ~*

C;+ 2011

a9J N( ,~ S ©[K M?N 0 Y¢ K 5$ ?UsK tJ,Z M?N

45

M?N ;¾S ,1N(

D`$$ D,_ ’?o ,F+K$ $9?+ UZC

\;NP M?Nj DFY ,

®>SB : œP C;+

?=YS ,M?N 0 ?N;

: = C;+

1N[ ;+>

I

?N; œP F]K $B ,

QJ N(

C;+ ¨V œ]J> DF2 4$$ :C;+

¿F=Sb $ )* C;+ t;j?_ 'e _S ,α

NP 0.95

1N[ ;+> = C;+ $B ,

N(

L6 lZ¢ QJ ‰ 5$ 49 1,<; Q?N

5$ \6= L6 lZ¢ QJS ,(x D,_S DN[

D`$

: (x !/ DFY 4$$

(Person

Reliability

DN[ !/ DFY 4$$S ,

(Item

Reliability

I 5$ 49 DFY D`$$ Q?_ 'e _S

(xS DN[

, 0.97

0.92

L6 a;j?_ ®S ,³;

a;[J$

a%8J ‘?; Àl6 DFY ;j; M?N aB -.

4/ %e;j _`6 Dp 7_$ 0 t$C;+ ?=9$.

I N( ,œZ 1;$ D>> M?N ;¾ }b

,NG 5$ Ybˆ M?N œ‰ 5$ ON<; QJ

’?o QJ

yNPK œZ 5$ ON<;

Logical Validity

5$

s[$ 4?@ OG 56 zpS ,~K 4?<; l`V B 4Y¾ DN( ;b l`V 5$ ,tJ=9$S 4/

4/

tJ=9$

4F_ 5$ sj?9@S ,s;‹?‰ NGS ,

DN( 4J QJ ’?o ,\ZZC; 5$ 6j Q?9<; cU;= L6 T};6 M?N I

NG ¤J ’?o

yNPK 4?<;

Logical Analysis

œP Ho.

{K œ‰ 5$ ON<; C;]J y; D{&S M?N DSB

Construct Validity

œP 5$S ,

M?N œ‰ 5$ ON<; '$C;+ y; HVx ?GFJ,> œP

Correlational Techniques

,

¨$ 4?<; NGS

Factor Analysis

, _S

D,dBS UZC M?N ;¾ -. œP )*

$9?+

FN$

I

PE QRST L6 M?N 4j;d

;+> Q;J ,1N( 45

 —b c,; W}/ D9? Q+ O(S sK6 :

1%Fb

M?N ‘?<ZJ K6 ŽPJS ,T&

1%Fb ,D&, 5

ŽPJS ŽPJS P+;$ &, OFPKJ ,D&, 4

3

?_ &, S ,\;&, ŽPJS ?_ &, ,D&, L6 OFPKJ D&, )*S ,1oS &, ŽPJ &

(8)

c,; k9 \o 0 ,? ª. NP ‹Z DN[

?F] DN[ 0 I

M?N D&, ­SJ z* S

\ 49b

45

225

ab $` '[J, }b ’?< ,

 L6 TÁ3$ zp FP H 4/ H;]$ 1

I _S

L6 Dm( k¦ -. K? (B D ;+ aYoF 7K‰

 — <K :

4Yj;JS ,T& r[CK 4/ H;]$ m(

&, L6 \‰¢ 0

4_ˆ( 1.49

S , H;]$ m(

­SJ &, L6 \‰¢ 0 4Yj;JS ,§[CK 4/

\ −1.5

&, 2.49

S , ]$ m(

,i+; 4/ H;

\ ­SJ &, L6 \‰¢ 0 4Yj;JS

2.5 3.49

&, S , \‰¢ 0 4Yj;JS ,[J 4/ H;]$ m(

\ ­SJ &, L6

3.5

&, 4.49

T%VBS , m(

L6 \‰¢ 0 4Yj;JS ,T& [J 4/ H;]$

&, Ybˆ( 4.5

I

UV?

:

QJ

$ 4$;

L6 +, )* 0 D%e;

 — <K :

W4 - ,T?UK2 T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

j?NS ,b* [‰ j?N 'ZZVS

1

‡=¸

I

D X - T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

j?NS ?j D?9 [‰ j?N 'ZZVS ,T?UK2 1

= D?9

?=]

I

I< Y ?@ - t$ 4$; QJ :

\ Q?_ t 'ZZVS ,T?F?JJ T%e;$ ),F;6

1

K]

-Sx S 4

Ybˆ( K]

I

ZD@ X - t;+, {K2B 0 tK9+ a9$ ~B :

,T?F?JJ T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ ’?o ,?$E Q?N t ZVS

3

p.

1«x $ 59] ab ,

S 2

SB 4?$ $ 59S 1«x :,V 59] ab p.

{`$

, S 1

)[j 59] ab p.

I

I$"<<( S<<R? ?@<< - l ~B :

*K$ $E 0 –P s+, y; j yjb t$ 4$; QJ _S ,+, '_S Ž;oS ¡ t_<;

J T%e;$ ),F;6 T?F?J

I 0 j; 7?KZ; j;6S

Q?N t ZV ’?o ,FP 7?KZ; $E

1

p.

T;· N; ab

84-100

, S 2

T?& N; ab p.

T&

76-83.9

S , 3

T?& N; ab p.

68-75.9

,

S 4

T>FN$ N; ab p.

60-67.9

I

" [$ - ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

Q?N t ZVS ,T?F?JJ T%e;$

1

‘$]; ijK

,

S 2

i]; ijK

S , 3

¢ ijK I

Z"? ?@ - T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

j?NS ,\K; FP [‰ j?N 'ZZVS ,T?UK2 1

&; zpS ,\K; %‹ FP –?;]j l3+ t?

6 . }

> ,5;$ %‹ B TK;$ ab p –?;] aB }?+

zp %‹ B TK;$ ab p. $ ($ L6 ,_x I

(9)

\S?6] ?@ - ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

Q?N t ZVS ,T?F?JJ T%e;$

1

[J 4V

,

S 2

i+; 4V

S , 3

; 4V X

zpS ,

,tJ«B 4V M?N L6 –?;] NJ l`V 5$

4V SŒ p£(

u¤6 ,K 800

­SJ p.S ,T[J$

\

500-800

u¤6 ,K 56 4_ p.S ,TP+;$

500

FP 5$ K?6 {, L6 T};6 zpS ,T?=;$ ´¤6 ,K I

60^ K. - F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

T%e;$ ),

Q?N t ZVS ,T?F?JJ

1

?ZCd _6.

S ,

2

1«x (B H _6.

S , 3

_6. & >

I

# _ - T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ :

Q?N t ZVS ,T?F?JJ

1

{r?

S , 2

{j+

,

S 3

?PKo I

&` - J T%e;$ ),F;6 t$ 4$; QJ : ,T?F?J

Q?N t ZVS

1

Ybˆ( Q+180

S , 2

170 179

Q+

, S 3

4_ˆ( Q+169

I

JSCL . a$ST '( 3FKJ +, +, )* J -.

R;

L6 N;] D%e; ®]$

mFK;

, ,8 E –P 4/ H;]j 3FK; 0 TN + s?.

y$

t ˆFK; SB  ; %e;

I 4?@ NG '$C;+ _S

Ybx D%e; \?; zpS ,; yP/ ,<=>

0 s$s+. ’?o 5$ ?®B

 ; %e; 0 5F; %][J I

bJ?

¨?<; 7‰ +, 5$ {‚E * lSK;

?UZo DE cU;=

6 &¸ '&B y;

L

0 123 4$ 56 789 -. (€ +, m+B }?(S ,?=,x D$E FG H 4/

¨ 6

m+x O(S cU;K )*€

:

c].2 :

&. &@d E? bJ?4 H;]$ $ :

D%e;$ {| 0 ?=,x D$E FG H 4/

+,

a9$S , $ ij=S ,kKE

,y$E W, H;]S ,?9 h=S ,59]

4?Z<; H;]$S ,1«› ~Z;_> H;]S H;]$S ,_6 &SS ,$E 0 yjbx

$N lG m(S ,1„F aS ,5;

?

lSE \FS

1

DP+;

¢ ? ]

D(<=>S 49b 4/ M?N$ L6 ,?

I

&.K

* 1 , e UV? fg. PE h0 40 d?] " gR]. d@i `?

e

UV?

UV? "?@

j@i [?

\ kR]

?@

,bp 2.42

i+;$ .82

‡=.

2.22

§[CK$ .66 W4

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

(10)

NdT &.K

* 1 e, UV?

UV? "?@

j@i [?

\ kR]

?@

‘$];$

2.22

§[CK$ .68

yP]J 2.81

[J$ .86

o 2.26

§[CK$ .65 " [$

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

K$

2.27

§[CK$ .78

_ 2.24

§[CK$ .62

Q?Ã 2.60

i+;$ .87

2.77

[J$ .66

ZD@ _D

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

?j6 2.46

i+;$ .78

?=]=.

2.08

§[CK$ .59 D X

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

-SB 2.44

i+;$ .81

?=2 2.33

i+;$ .72

Y2 2.23

$ .68

§[CK

Ybˆ( , 2.16

§[CK$ .67

Y ?@

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

l6 2.53

i+;$ .82

i+;$

2.17

§[CK$ .66

a;$

2.83

i+;$ .61 lm \S?6] ?@

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

;·

2.80

[J$ .91

& ?&

2.22

§[CK$ .68

?&

2.13

§[CK$ .61

lFN$

2.33 i+;$ .65

I$"( SR? ?@

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

5;$

2.22

§[CK$ .68

5;$ %‹

2.49

i+;$ .84 Z"? ?@

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

(11)

NdT &.K

* 1 e, UV?

UV? "?@

j@i [?

\ kR]

?@

?ZCd _6.

2.70

[J$ .96

1«x (B H _6.

2.66

[J$ .89

_6. & >

2.26

§[CK$ .70 60L K.

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

{r?

2.20

§[CK$ .74

{j+

2.67

[J$ .74

?PKo 2.21

§[CK$ .65 # _

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

Ybˆ( Q+180 2.74

[J$ .78

170 +179 Q 2.22

§[CK$ .74

4_ˆ( Q+169 2.21

§[CK$ .65 &` ng

¨9 2.28

§[CK$ .72

lSE 5$ °o`

1

²]o i+;$ L6B aB

~Z;_> H;] %e;$ O(S ab 4/ M?N$ L6 ½ ’?o ,X; ~Z;_> H;] DSp «›

R<= 2.83

~,?$

I.61

Ž=B ½ \o 0

;$

i+

,?9 h= %e; TN(S t][= M?N L6 ²]o

?=]= D?9 FP T@S ,

’?o ½

2.08

~,?$ R<=

I.59

DP+;$ aˆ °o` }b

‡= H sK$ L6B '=b M?N L6 ,b*

, Q‹,

Tr[CK$ ab }s?b 0 4/ H;]$ aB I

O(S $B

$ ij= %e;$

TJS[J #K aB °o`?(

\

DP+;

, ³o œ,[ S

\ i+; 0 0.59

¤$ 5* FP i]; ijK Qs?6 M,

S ;¾ 5*

¤$ 5* FPS ,i+;$ 4V H;]j Qs?6 M,

‘$]; ijK S

§[CK$ 4V H;]j ;¾ 5*

I

`?( 59] a9$ %e;$ O(S $B \ TJS[J #K aB °o

DP+;

, ³o œ,[ S

\ i+; 0 0.52

H;]j ;¾ 5*S ,F 0 aK9] 5* FP 5*S N 0 aK9] 5* FPS ,i+;$ 4V

§[CK$ 4V H;]j ;¾ I

h= %e;$ O(S $B

TJS[J #K aB °o`?( ?9 P+; \

D , œ,[ S

³o ?j D?9 FG \ i+; 0 0.38

S D?9 FGS §[CK$ 4V H;]j ;¾ 5*

?=]=

S

§[CK$ 4V H;]j ;¾ 5*

I $B

\ TJS[J #K aB °o`?( W, H;] %e;$ O(S

(12)

DP+;

, ³o œ,[ S

FG \ i+; 0 0.27

-Sx K]

S ,§[CK$ 4V H;]j ;¾ 5*

K] FGS S

4V H;]j ;¾ 5*

\  œS[ zJ ']J }K? ,§[CK$

~Sp FP \ $ o -. M?N L6 DP+;

s& 5$ X; ~Z;_> H;]

, ~Sp FPS

s& 5$ i+; ~Z;_> H;]

‘F‰BS ,?=2

œ[

œ[ °o` \o 0 ,i+; 0 0.66

%e;$ O(S 4/ M?N$ L6 DP+; \ ‘|

W, 4?Z<; H;]$

, ½ œ,[ S

0.67

,

T_( #K aB °o`S FP H 4/ H;]$ \

s& 5$ \K;

, HVB s& 5$ \K; %‹ FPS ,

œ,[ S 0.26

\ ‘| œ[ °o` \o 0 ,

&S %e;$ O(S 4/ M?N$ L6 DP+;

O(S FP \ P+;$ œS[ '=b }b ,_6

1„F a %e;$

, œ,[ S

I0.47

* °o` }b

4/ H;]$ ab N( ,lP m( %e;$ O(S œ[

lP ~Sp FP

P+;$ Ybˆ( Q+ 180

tK$ L6BS T

lP m( ~Sp FP 5$ 49

170

m(S ,Q+ 179

lP 4_ˆ( Q+ 169

, 4/ H;]$ ab 5*

Tr[CK$ Q¥

, ½ œ,[ S

i+; 0 0.53

I

ab FP t ;¾ ~* 4/ H;]$ a£( 6 498 S Tr[CK$

I œS[ )* & 5$ ON<; R¡S

. QJ ,

~ox 5F; 4?@S D ,F;V {&

%e;$ 4b –+K $ O(S I

QJ N(

C;+

D ,F;V

´P+; \ œ[ ?UZo > ( L6 \

lSES kKE %e; 4/ M?N$

2

zp ‘|

I

&.K

* 2 , e PE h0 oL. (p I`? d E$ ?q bJ?

D(

e

W4

j@i [?

\ kR]

$6 JSCL ]

,bp 159

2.4212 .82355

‡=.

367 2.2230

.65542 2.939

.003

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

2

œ( &S

~p

?UZo. >

α<0.01

tJ,Z 4/ H;]$ 0

?9 kK H‚

, FP ‘ZS aB ~B ,,b*

‡= 5$ T`V YbB ,b*

I 1U] $ ij= 2B ($ R¡S

1«x 0 L6

,D$E FG H 4/ H;]$

lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox 5F; 4?@ {&. QJ I3

(13)

&.K

* 3 , e h0 ?@ \C Z"? r bJ?

" [$ UV? s@C D( PE e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 ] ?@

D6j \ 14.825

3 4.942

10.159 .000

D6j 4V 253.915

522

.486

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

3

p œS( &S D

?UZo. >

α<0.01

4/ H;]$ DP+;$ 0

$ ij= R`;V> H‚J I

,?UZo > Dp œS[ _$ <;S t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

4

I

&.K

* 4 , e [$4 " E bJ?

t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 "

e

Q@? n!

j@i [?

= 2.2234 [@?

j@i [?

= 2.8169 5wi

j@i [?

= 2.2621

‘$];

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2234 ---

.59345*

-.03872

i];

²]¢ i+;

= 2.8169 ---

.55473*

‚¢

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2621 ---

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

4

~p œ( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

ij= ab 5* FP m( \

‘$]; ijK Q«B 0 1U] $ ,

z*b ,i]; ijK ‘ZS i]; ijK m(S Zo. > ~p œ( &S ?U

α<0.01

ijK \

aB ~B ,i]; ijK ‘ZS ¢ ijKS i];

Q«B 0 U] $ ij= 5* (x T`V YbB Q i]; ijK I

4/ H;]$ 0 ?9 h= 2B ($ R¡S lSES D ,F;V {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z

5

zp ‘|

I

&.K

* 5 , : D UV? s@C D tTSd PE h0 ?@ ?q e

D

j@i [?

\ kR]

$6 JSCL ]

?j 275

2.4646 .77543

?=]=

248 2.0837

.58582 6.285

.000

(14)

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

5

œ( &S p

~

?UZo. >

α<0.01

tJ,Z 4/ H;]$ 0

D?9 FG ‘ZS ?9 hK H‚J ?9 5$ T`V YbB ?j D?9 FG aB ~B ,?j

?=]= D?9 FG I

4?Z<; H;] 2B #K ab p. }6 789S QJ ,D$E FG H 4/ H;]$ 0 W,

. lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox 5F; 4?@ {&

I6

&.K

* 6 , e Y SR? ?@ UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 28.362

4 7.090

15.339 .000

D6j 4V 240.370

520 .462

¨9 268.732

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

6

Dp œS( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

4/ H;]$ DP+;$ 0

W, 4?Z<; H;]$ R`;V> H‚J I

?UZo > Dp œS[ _$ <;S V C;+ QJ t?[?d ,F;

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

7

I

&.K

* 7 , e t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 Y SR? ?@ " E e

z?{ n!

j@i [?

= 2.8043 K K

j@i [?

= 2.2223 K

j@i [?

= 2.1333 6|g [?

j@i [?

= 2.3313

;·

²]¢ i+;

= 2.8043 ---

.58195*

-.67093*

.47295*

T& ?&

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2223 ---

.08897 -.10901

?&

²]¢ i+;

= 2.1333 ---

-.19798

4_ˆ( i+;$

²]¢ i+;

= 2.3313 ---

o`

lSE l`V 5$ °

7

~p œ( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

4?Z<; ~Sp FP \

;j , ?ES T& ?E 4?Z<; ~Sp 5$ 4bS m( 5$ 4?Z<; ~Sp FP ‘ZS ,4_ˆ( i+;S

(15)

T`V YbB ³ 4?Z<; ~Sp FP aB ~B ,;j T`?Z@ 4_x FP 5$

I

R¡S H;]$ 0 W, H;] 2B ($

5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z 4/

lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox

I8

&.K

* 8 , e I ?@ UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 4.836

4 1.209

2.387 .05

D6j 4V 263.905

521

.507

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

8

Dp œS( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

4/ H;]$ DP+;$ 0

y$E H;] R`;V> H‚J I

$ <;S ?UZo > Dp œS[ _

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

9

I

&.K

* 9 , e t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 I ?@$ " E e

.2 4 n!

j@i [?

= 2.4401 4

j@i [?

= 2.3354

€ 4 j@i [?

= 2.2372

€(|g d j@i [?

= 2.1693

-SB K+

²]¢ i+;

= 2.4401 ---

.10466 .20284*

.27073*

?=2 K+

²]¢ i+;

= 2.3354 ---

.09817 .16607

Y2 K+

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2372 ---

.06789

Ybˆ( ,

²]¢ i+;

= 2.1693 ---

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

9

Dp œS( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

-Sx K] FG \ ,

4bS

,Ybˆ( K] FGS YY K] FG 5$

H 4/ H;]$ aB ~B ,-Sx K] FG ‘ZS -Sx K] FG FGS YY K] FG 5$ L6B

K]

I 4/ H;]$ 0 5; m( 2B ($ R¡S

lSES D ,F;V {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z

10

zp ‘|

I

(16)

&.K

* 10 , e Z"? UV? s@C D tTSd PE h0 ?@ ?q e

Z"?

j@i [?

\ kR]

$6 JSCL ]

5;$

411 2.2286

.67805

5;$ %‹

102 2.4936

.83519 -3.365

.001

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

10

~p œ( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

tJ,Z 4/ H;]$ 0

5; m( %e; H‚J ?9 ,

%‹ FP ‘ZS

\K;

5$ T`V YbB Q \K; %‹ FP aB ~B ,

\K; FP I

4/ H;]$ 0 lP m( 2B ($ R¡S }b ,~ox 5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z

lSE 0 \F$

I11

&.K

* 11 , e g UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r

&` n e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 17.224

3 5.741

11.915 .000

D6j 4V 251.517

522

.482

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

11

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

H;]$ DP+;$ 0

lP m( R`;V> H‚J 4/

I ?UZo > Dp œS[ _$ <;S

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

12

I

&.K

* 12 , e

?q 5A?d D( PE h0 &` ng ?@$ " E t!u

e

180 n!

€(|g

j@i [?

= 2.7414 170-179

j@i [?

= 2.2268 6|g 169

j@i [?

= 2.2112

Ybˆ( 180

²]¢ i+;

= 2.7414 ---

.51458*

.53016*

170-179

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2268 ---

.01558

4_ˆ( 169

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2112 ---

(17)

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

12

~p œ( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

lP m( ~Sp FP \

Ybˆ( Q+ 180

, lP m( ~Sp FPS

170 179

lP m( ~Sp ‘ZS ,Q+

z*b ,Ybˆ( Q+180

?UZo. > ~p œ( &S

α<0.01

FP \

lP m( ~Sp bˆ( Q+180

Y , m( ~Sp FPS lP

4_ˆ( Q+ 169

, lP m( ~Sp ‘ZS

180

T`V YbB Q T>G Ybx FP aB ~B ,Ybˆ( Q+

I

H;]$ 0 59] a9$ 2B ($ R¡S 5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z 4/

lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox

I13

&.K

* 13 , e r ZD@ _D UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"?

e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 6.471

4 1.618

3.214 .010

D6j 4V 262.270

521 .503

¨9 268.741

525

5$ °o`

lSE l`V

13

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

H;]$ DP+;$ 0

59] a9$ R`;V> H‚J 4/

I > Dp œS[ |$ <;S

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ ?UZo

Scheffe

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F D=,Nj

14

I

&.K

* 14 , e E t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 ZD@ _D UV? "

e

4" n!

j@i [?

= 2.2743

"6 j@i [?

= 2.2426

j@i [?

= 2.6056

"d j@i [?

= 2.7711

K$

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2743 ---

.03162 -.33130

-.49686*

_

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2426 ---

-.36293 -.52848*

Q?Ã

²]¢ i+;

= 2.6056 ---

-.16556

²]¢ i+;

= 2.7711 ---

(18)

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

14

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.05

5* FP \

K aK9]

, aK9] 5* FPS ,F

H;]$ aB ~B ,F aK9] 5* FP ‘ZS L6B F FG H 4/

I Dp œS( &S z*b

?UZo. >

α<0.05

aK9] 5* FP \ N

, F aK9] 5* FPS ,

FP ‘ZS

F aK9] 5*

I

Z;_> H;] 2B ($ R¡S 0 ~

5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z 4/ H;]$

lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox

I15

&.K

* 15 , e

\S?6] ?@ UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 CL ]

JS

D6j \ 20.565

2 10.282

21.669 .000

D6j 4V 248.176

523

.475

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

15

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

H;]$ DP+;$ 0

~Z;_> H;] R`;V> H‚J 4/

I p œS[ _$ <;S

?UZo > D

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

16

I

&.K

* 16 , e t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 \S?6] ?@$ " E e

&0 n!

j@i [?

= 2.5329 [?

j@i [?

= 2.1743 _?

j@i [?

= 2.8380

l6

²]¢ i+;

= 2.5329 ---

.35862*

-.30512

i+;$

²]¢ i+;

= 2.1743 ---

-.66374*

a;$

²]¢ i+;

= 2.8380 ---

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

16

~p œ( &S

?UZo. >

α<0.01

H;] ~Sp FP \

³ ~Z;_>

, ~Z;_> H;] ~Sp FPS

~B ,³ ~Z;_> H;] ~Sp ‘ZS ,i+;

(19)

YbB Q ³ ~Z;_> H;] ~Sp FP aB T`V I ?UZo. > ~p œ( &S z*b

α<0.01

i+; ~Z;_> H;] ~Sp FP \ ,

FPS

> H;] ~Sp m( ~Sp ‘ZS ,X; ~Z;_

X; ~Z;_> H;]

I

H;]$ 0 _6 &S 2B ($ R¡S 5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z 4/

lSE 0 \F$ }b ,~ox

I17

&.K

* 17 , e K. UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r 60^

e

0$

d X$O

"i K d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 6.029

2 2.010

3.993 .008

D6j 4V 262.712

523

.503

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

17

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

$ 0 H;]$ DP+;

_6 & H‚J 4/

I ?UZo > Dp œS[ _$ <;S

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ

Scheffe

D=,Nj

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F

18

I

&.K

* 18 , e t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 60^ K. UV? " E e

SAu 60^ n!

j@i [?

= 2.7000 l g2 60^

j@i [?

= 2.6628 60^ K" ]

j@i [?

= 2.2614

?ZCd _6.

²]¢ i+;

= 2.7000 ---

.03720 .43858

1«x (B H _6.

²]¢ i+;

= 2.6628 ---

.40138*

>

_6. &

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2614 ---

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

18

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

a= 5* FP \

1«x (B H _6 &S 5$

, > 5* FPS

FP ‘ZS ,_6. ~B 1«x H SB Q¥ &

_6. &S 5$ a= 5*

1«x (B H I

4/ H;]$ 0 1„F a 2B ($ R¡S }b ,~ox 5F; 4?@ {&. QJ ,?9 tJ,Z

lSE 0 \F$

I19

(20)

&.K

* 19 , e

# _ UV? s@C D( PE h0 ?@ \C Z"? r e

0$

d X$O i K

"

d [.

k $6 JSCL ]

D6j \ 15.080

3 5.027

10.344 .000

D6j 4V 253.661

522

.486

¨9 268.741

525

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

19

œS( &S

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.01

H;]$ DP+;$ 0

F a R`;V> H‚J 4/

I > Dp œS[ |$ <;S

t?[?d ,F;V C;+ QJ ?UZo

Scheffe

lSE 0 ‘|$ }b ,F D=,Nj

20

I

&.K

* 20 , e t!u ?q 5A?d D( PE h0 # _ ?@ " E e

‚)d n!

j@i [?

= 2.2043

‚$

j@i [?

= 2.6759

`4C j@i [?

= 2.2130

{r?

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2043 ---

-.47160*

-.00872

{j+

²]¢ i+;

= 2.6759 ---

.46288*

?PKo

²]¢ i+;

= 2.2130 ---

lSE l`V 5$ °o`

20

~p œ( &S

UZo. >

?

α<0.01

FP \ 4/ H;]$ 0

{r?F 1„F ~Sp ,

{j] 1„F ~Sp FPS ,

{j] 1„F ~Sp ‘ZS I

~p œ( &S z*b

?UZo. >

α<0.01

FP \ 4/ H;]$ 0

{j] 1„F ~Sp ,

?PK¢ 1„F ~Sp FPS ,

{j] 1„F ~Sp ‘ZS I

c :

ƒ<€ &@d E? bJ?4 #K 4 :

?UZo. > Dp _`6

α<0.05

H;]$ \

4/

,

?J— D%e; 5$ %e;$ 4bS :

ij=S ,kKE

,?9 h=S ,59] a9$S , $ ~Z;_> H;]S ,y$E W, H;]S x 4?Z<; H;]$S ,1«›

,$E 0 yjb

aS ,_6 &SS ,–P 5; H;]$S

??=,x D$E FG H lP m(S ,1„F 6 &¸

L D`$$ A]o QJ l3] *

(21)

5$ ?F?JS ?[?KZ; D%e; \ i?]F fFJ,>

s&

, HVB s& 5$ 4/ M?N$ L6 D&,S ,

$ C;+

SJ lKb fFJ, 4$

Kendall's Tau

I lSE 4YjS

21

fFJ,> D`$ ?9 cU;K

D%e; ?jE I

&.K

* 21 , e UV? Z UV? (. ?@ d [@ „T] …

e

UV?

„T]

UV?

„T]

W4 -.127*

? ?@

Y SR -.214*

" [$

.084*

60^ K.

-.076*

ZD@ _D Z"? ?@ .036

.135*

D X -.254*

# _ -.010

Y ?@

-.114*

&` ng -.171*

\S?6] ?@

-.046

40 JSC^ ] .† „T] ٭

* α<0.05 ,

lSE 5$ °o`

D`$$ Q?_ aB 21

\ 'oSJ _ fFJ,>

-.010

S .254

aBS ,

D%e;$

: ,W, 4?Z<; H;]$S ,?9 h=

lP m(S ,

5; H;]$S ,

DSŒ kKES

0.12

,zp aS '=b D%e; ?N aB \o 0 , D`$ )*€ ?UZo > <( K6S qB \FJ

?UZo. > Dp

α<0.05

%e;$ 5$ 4b 6 $

1„F aS ,~Z;_> H;]S ,59] a9$

I aBS

TGFJ, _B \ #8 5F; F]=

?9 h=

5$

s&

, HVB s& 5$ 4/ H;]$S

0.0645

5$

a %e; s][= F]K 'e }K? ,}sK$ ~B 5FJ 1„F

0.0001

I

:

‡€ &@d E? bJ?4 –?JJ $:

?UZo. > Dp ®]$ 'js+B y; D%e;

α<0.05

FG H 4/ %e;$ 0 5F; %][J 0

??=,x D$E 4?@ C;+ QJ l3] * L6 &¸

]$ ,F;6 :,; ; ,<=>

T%e;$ 4/ H;

T J z<

L6 mFK;$ D%e;$ N ] D%e;S ,

lSES ,49b +, K?6

22

4?@ cU;= \F

y; D%e; –?JJ \FS ,:,; ; ,<=>

FG H 4/ %e;$ 0 5F; %][J 0 'js+B

?=,x D$E I

(22)

&.K

* 22 , e

?

ˆ? ? R] r bJ :

Nd? UV? d „T] … d "w

*

‰R , U@<!T Š$H<2 I<? <n4? UV?. ,

D( 4 Nd? UV? Z"T e

" U‹ …

ˆ†$4

\ |` R]

" …

T ?d P

Nd T]

„

? UV?

„T]

? ]

F I6 UV?

R2 |`

\

; Y j?N 2.806

.092 ---

30.474 .000

?9 -.357

.059 -.254

-6.018 .000

.065 .065

.000 .69322

; Y j?N 3.184

.120 ---

26.579 .000

?9 -.340

.058 -.242

-5.842 .000

4?Z<; H;]$

-.158 W, .033

-.199 -4.797

.000 .104

.039 .000

.67908

; Y j?N 2.938

.147 ---

19.970 .000

?9 -.335

.058 -.239

-5.795 .000

4?Z<; H;]$

, -.152 W

.033 -.192

-4.641 .000

5; H;]$

.191 .067

.118 2.851

.005 .118

.014 .005

.67449

; Y j?N 2.851

.151 ---

18.831 .000

?9 -.351

.058 -.251

-6.054 .000

4?Z<; H;]$

-.151 W, .033

-.191 -4.634

.000

5; H;]$

.177 .067

.109 2.647

.008

$ ij=

.088 .039

.094 2.260

.024 .127

.009 .024

.67185

lSE 5$ °o`

22

?9 %e;$ aB

%e;

L6x -Sx o 0 4VB * ,TGFJ, ,

QJS

0 W, 4?Z<; H;]$S ?9 %e;$ lV.

j?_ '=bS ,?=Y o ?9 %e; ;?

-.254

,

W, 4?Z<; H;] ;? j?_S

-.199

I 0S

T`r( 4VB YY o 6

L %e;$ \N ] 5%e;

o 0 $B ,5; H;]$

, (|. 4VB N(

$ ij= %e;$ N ] ‡`Y D%e; -.

I D%e; $B ,kKE ys( F;+ QJ y;

H;]S ,y$E H;]S ,59] a9$S m(S ,1„F aS ,_6 &SS ,~Z;_>

lP I Q?_ '=b _S * T?UZo. F

H;]$ K6

?UZo >

0.05 α<

· , ,x 4o 0

v[ 5F; aB -. %8 0

; %e;

 H;]$

(23)

4/

T?UZo. T> ab I

lSE l`V 5$ °o` z*b

23

aB

VB y; D%e;

' y ,<=> :pjK :

?9 ,

W, 4?Z<; H;]$S ,

5; H;]$S ,

ij=S

-. ]];$ DPC 'VB _ , $ 3$ %‹ ‘FZJ y; D%e; F;+ :pjK 12

D%e; ?N &

I 6 'FYJ y; D%e; ~B

HVx D%e; & ?UZo s;>

I _S

-. V D%e; lSB ?9 %e;$ aˆ °o D%e; $ i?] fFJ, 4$$ bB t ax ;:pjK yUZo ,F;V` j?_ bB ³; S , ; t?6S t

 — <K L6 -Sx 1P/ 0 :pjK ‘FZ :

* D ,

0.357

2.851

=

Y

H;]$ %e;$ lV. QJ ?=Y o 0S W, 4?Z<;

, yU‚& fFJ, 4$$ L6B t ~*

j?_ '=bS ,?9 %e;$ DFY  ; %e; $

Dp t

?UZo. >

, L6 :pjK ‘FZ z*S <K

 — :

* Y SR? ?@

, .158

* D , 0.34

3.184

=

Y

0S o H;]$ %e;$ lV. QJ YY

5;

, %e; $ yU‚& fFJ, 4$$ L6B t ~*

H;]$ %e;$S ?9 %e;$ 5$ 4b DFY  ; j?_ '=bS ,W, 4?Z<;

?UZo. > Dp t

,

*S  — <K L6 :pjK ‘FZ z :

* Z"? ?@

,

* + .191

Y SR? ?@

,

-.151

* + D ,

.355

2.938

=

Y

$ ij= %e;$ lV. QJ o 0S , %e; $ yU‚& fFJ, 4$$ L6B t ~*

$ %e;$S ,?9 %e;$ 5$ 4b DFY  ; H;]

'=bS ,5; H;]$ %e;$S ,W, 4?Z<;

Q?_

:pjK ‘F‰B z* S ,?UZo. > Dp t

 — <K L6 yUsK :

*

" [$

,

* + .088

Z"? ?@

, + .177

* Y SR? ?@

, .151

* D , .351

2.851

=

Y

:pjK * S :pj= 4r(B

<=

, >S ,

D%e; 5jr;

a9$S ,kKE H;]S ,59]

0 yjbx 4?Z<; H;]$S ,1«› ~Z;_>

lP m(S ,1„F aS ,_6 &SS ,$E

,

y; D%e; ?jE ,<=> 4$$ Q?_ '=bS

;T?UZo. 4o 4b 0 'VB ?n aB yK ·

; 5FJ 0 T?UZo. T> T$s+. Qs]J V D%e

4/ %e;$

I <; 4$$ j?_  °o`S

4o 0 '=b p. ,V D%e; 6   ,x .065

.104

.118

³; L6 .127

I K6S

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

The results of this study are expected to add insight into knowledge and experience which is very important in describing the implementation of Project-based Learning using Instagram