Industrial Quality Control Summer Course
1
2
The Meaning of Quality and Quality Improvement
3
Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.
طﺑﺿ ﺔﺑﻗارﻣ»
ةدوﺟﻟا « QC)
وھ ( ن�ﻣ د�ﻛﺄﺗﻟا ﻰ�ﻟإ فد�ﮭﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا تاءارﺟﻹا نﻣ ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣ وأ ءارﺟإ
ﻲ��ﺑﻠﺗ وأ ةدو��ﺟﻟا رﯾﯾﺎ��ﻌﻣ ن��ﻣ ةدد��ﺣﻣ ﺔ��ﻋوﻣﺟﻣﺑ مز��ﺗﻠﺗ ةذ��ﻔﻧﻣﻟا ﺔ��ﻣدﺧﻟا وأ عوﻧ��ﺻﻣﻟا ﺞﺗ��ﻧﻣﻟا نأ وأ لﯾﻣﻌﻟا تﺎﺑﻠطﺗﻣ كﻠﮭﺗﺳﻣﻟا
.
Quality assurance (QA) is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a product or service under development (before work is complete, as opposed to afterwards) meets specified requirements. QA is sometimes expressed together with QC as a single expression, quality assurance and control (QA/QC).
نﺎﻣﺿ ةدوﺟﻟا
QA) وھ (
ءارﺟإ وأ
ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣ نﻣ
تاءارﺟﻹا ﻲﺗﻟا
فدﮭﺗ ﻰﻟإ
نﺎﻣﺿ نأ
ﺞﺗﻧﻣﻟا
وأ .ةددﺣﻣ تﺎﺑﻠطﺗﻣﺑ ﻲﻔﺗ (هدﻌﺑ نﻣ ًﻻدﺑ ، لﻣﻌﻟا لﺎﻣﺗﻛا لﺑﻗ) رﯾوطﺗﻟا دﯾﻗ ﺔﻣدﺧﻟا كﻟذﻟ ﻲﻓ
ضﻌﺑ نﺎﯾﺣﻻا
مﺗﯾ رﯾﺑﻌﺗﻟا نﻋ
نﺎﻣﺿ ةدوﺟﻟا
QA) ﻊﻣ (
طﺑﺿ ةدوﺟﻟا
QC) رﯾﺑﻌﺗﻛ (
،دﺣاو نﺎﻣﺿو
و طﺑﺿ ةدوﺟﻟا
QA/QC) (
.
Dimensions “Components” of Quality
4
In order to implement an effective QC program, an enterprise must first decide which specific principles (design) the product or service must meet. Then the extent of QC actions must be determined.
Garvin (1987) provides an excellent discussion of eight components or dimensions of quality should be considered and conducted as the product or service specific principles :
1. Performance ءادﻻا (will the product do the intended job ?)
2. Reliability (ﺔﯾﻟوﻌﻣﻟا) ﺔﯾﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟا (how often does the product fail ?) 3. Durability (لﻣﺣﺗﻟا) ﺔﻧﺎﺗﻣﻟا (how long does the product last ?)
4. Serviceability ﺔﻣدﺧﻟا و ﺔﻌﻔﻧﻣﻟا (how easy is it to repair the product 5. Aesthetics ?) ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻣﺟﻟا ﺔﯾﺣﺎﻧﻟا (what does the product look like ?)
6. Features ﮫﻣادﺧﺗﺳا و ﺔﻣﻟﺎﻌﻣ (what does the product do ?)
7. Perceived Quality ﺔﯾﻋوﻧﻟا ةدوﺟ (what is the reputation of the company or its product ?)
8. Conformance to Standards تﺎﻔﺻاوﻣﻟا ﮫﻘﺑﺎطﻣ (is the product made exactly as the designer ?)
5
Quality Control Tools
There seven known basic tools used for quality control since 1970’s. These tools have been selected to give the means to control, analyses and improve quality based on facts and objective data. These tools are simple enough to be used with minimum statistical effort. The seven quality control tools are:
1. Cause-and-effect diagram: رﺛﻻا و بﺑﺳﻟا ططﺧﻣ (also called Ishikawa or
fishbone chart): Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories.
2. Check sheet: صﺣﻓ جذوﻣﻧ A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data; a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes. .ضارﻏﻷا نﻣ ﺔﻌﺳاو ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣﻟ ﺎﮭﻔﯾﯾﻛﺗ نﻛﻣﯾ ثﯾﺣﺑ تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺑﻟا لﯾﻠﺣﺗو ﻊﻣﺟﻟ جذوﻣﻧ دادﻋإ
3. Control charts: Graphs used to study how a process changes over time.
موﺳرﻟا نﻣزﻟا رﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ تارﯾﯾﻐﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻣﻋ ﺔﯾﻔﯾﻛ ﺔﺳاردﻟ ﺔﻣدﺧﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﻧﺎﯾﺑﻟا
4. Histogram: The most commonly used graph for showing frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs.
5. Pareto chart: Shows on a bar graph which factors are more significant.
6. Scatter diagram: Graphs pairs of numerical data, one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship. ﺔﻗﻼﻋ نﻋ ثﺣﺑﻠﻟ ،روﺣﻣ لﻛ ﻰﻠﻋ دﺣاو رﯾﻐﺗﻣ ،تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺑﻟا نﻣ ﺔﯾﻧﺎﯾﺑ موﺳر
7. Stratification: ﺔﻘﺑﺎطﻣ A technique that separates data gathered from a variety of sources so that patterns can be seen (some lists replace
“stratification” with “flowchart” or “run chart”).
تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺑﻟا لﺻﻓ ﺔﻋوﻧﺗﻣ ﺔﻋوﻣﺟﻣ نﻣ ﺎﮭﻌﻣﺟ مﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا
ﺎﮭﺗﺎﻘﺑﺎطﻣ و
