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Industrial Quality Control
Summer Course
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Part 1
An Introduction To Quality
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The Meaning of Quality and Quality Improvement
Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.
ةدوجلا »ةبقارم« طبض QC
تاءارجلإا نم ةعومجم وأ ءارجإ وه ) )
ة مدخلا وأ عون صملا جتنملا نأ نم د كأتلا ىلإ فد هت يت لا يب لت وأ ةدو جلا رييا عم نم ةدد حم ة عومجمب مزت لت ةذ فنملا .كلهتسملا وأ ليمعلا تابلطتم Quality assurance (QA) is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a product or service under development (before work is complete, as opposed to afterwards) meets specified requirements. QA is sometimes expressed together with QC as a single expression, quality assurance and control (QA/QC).
ةدو جلا نامض QA
يت لا تاءار جلإا نم ة عومجم وأ ءار جإ و ه ))
لامتكا لبق( ريوطتلا ديق ةمدخلا وأ جتنملا نأ نامض ىلإ فدهت .ةددحم تابلطتمب يفت )هدعب نم @لاًدب ، لمعلا ( ةدو جلا نام ض نع ري بعتلا متي نا يحلاًا ضعب يف كلذل QA
ع م )
( ةدو جلا طب ض QC
ةدو جلا طب ض و نام ضو ،د حاو ري بعتك )
QA/QC .))
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Dimensions “Components” of Quality
In order to implement an effective QC program, an enterprise must first decide which specific principles (design) the product or service must meet. Then the extent of QC actions must be determined.
Garvin (1987) provides an excellent discussion of eight components or dimensions of quality should be considered and conducted as the product or service specific principles :
1. Performance ءادلاًا (will the product do the intended job ?) 2. Reliability )ةيلوعملا( ةيلعافلا (how often does the product
fail ?)
3. Durability )لمحتلا( ةناتملا (how long does the product last ?) 4. Serviceability ةمدخلا و ةعفنملا(how easy is it to repair the
product ?)
5. Aesthetics ةيلامجلا ةيحانلا(what does the product look like ?) 6. Features همادختسا و ةملاعم(what does the product do ?) 7. Perceived Quality ةيعونلا ةدوج(what is the reputation of the
company or its product ?)
8. Conformance to Standards تافصاوملا هقباطم(is the product made exactly as the designer ?)
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Quality Control Tools
There seven known basic tools used for quality control since 1970’s. These tools have been selected to give the means to control, analyses and improve quality based on facts and objective data. These tools are simple enough to be used with minimum statistical effort. The seven quality control tools are:
1. Cause-and-effect diagram: رثلاًا و ببسلا ططخم (also called Ishikawa or fishbone chart): Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories.
2. Check sheet: صحف جذومن A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data; a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes. ة عومجمل ا هفييكت نكمي ثيحب تا نايبلا ل يلحتو ع مجل جذو من داد عإ ضارغلأا نم ةعساو.
3. Control charts: Graphs used to study how a process changes over time.
نمزلا رم ىلع تارييغتلا ةيلمع ةيفيك ةساردل ةمدختسملا ةينايبلا موسرلا
4. Histogram: The most commonly used graph for showing frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs.
5. Pareto chart: Shows on a bar graph which factors are more significant.
6. Scatter diagram: Graphs pairs of numerical data, one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship. ،روحم لك ىلع دحاو ريغتم ،تانايبلا نم ةينايب موسر ةقلاع نع ثحبلل
7. Stratification: ةقباطم A technique that separates data gathered from a variety of sources so that patterns can be seen (some lists replace
“stratification” with “flowchart” or “run chart”).
اهتاقباطم و ةعونتم ةعومجم نم اهعمج مت يتلا تانايبلا لصف
