Meanings of the Qur'anic Wordss "Alqaani' and "Almu'tarr"

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Meanings of the Qur'anic Wordss "Alqaani' and "Almu'tarr"

Adel Abdulaziz Ali Aljulaifi*

King Saud University

(Received 25/03/2018; accepted for publication 26/04/2018.)

Abstract: This research studies the two Qur'anic words "alqaani' and "almu'tarr". It locates their places in the Qur'an, and examines their linguistic roots as well as their manifestations in Arabic poetry. The research also gathers and discusses their meanings and related arguments put forward by linguists and Qur'an specialists. The discussion is conducted in accordance with the standards and procedures required by language and Qur'an specialists. Related evidences and arguments favour defining "alqaani'" as 'a needy person that refrains from begging', but "almu'tarr" as 'a needy person that begs explicitly or implicitly'. The research approach involves induction, deduction and comparative analysis. The following are important research results: the two words are found in the Qur'an only in one verse (Ayah 36/ Suurat Alhajj); the words express varied and contradictory meanings; linguistically, ''alqaani'' has two meanings: on the one hand, a person contented with what Allah has provided for him, and on the other hand, a person that begs and is consequently humiliated; as for "almu'tarr'', it refers to the poor person that goes around begging in explicit or implicit ways; the contradictory meanings are found in Arabic poetry, as well; to this contradiction, can be attributed differences in interpretations; of the identified seven competing meanings, the research favours defining

"alqaani'" as "the needy person that refrains from begging", and "almu'tarr" as "the needy person that begs around by the word of mouth or suggestive acts"; the favoured meanings are compatible with the context of the Qur'anic verse in question, and with Arabic and poetic usages. The research recommends that similar studies be conducted on other Qur'anic words loaded with contradictory meanings.

Keywords: alqaani' roots and derivatives – alum'tarr roots and derivatives – the poor – the needy – begging – Qur'anic words with contradictory meanings – alhajj – Qur'an interpretations – Arabic poetry.

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* S ad o:T Ed@

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395783 , 11375 p (*) Associate Professor, Department of Quranic Studies, College of

Education, King Saud University.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, p.o box: (395783), Postal Code:( 11375).

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11 N;: Y , L :< Y *o u´ k1 p

12 )#2 ,h2 0F U1 Y x1 m"?) , M< ,9l]

&

79 K21 ta m:J5 , 9+[¬ N] 2T2 ,

=

(8)

"".;S ""?2 ,""Q "".;S v2V >"".@l 6cd p a] 6)/ *|<2 :

e""" °""" EF.""" |"""© Á"""?T8 8 = = D = 8 D= = =

8 )""""8./ m"""l °""" """ """..@2A 8 DA 8

13

KT : Q ml °

^p

a] 6)/2 :

)"""/2 : x"""#f """/= 8A x"""@l 8

:

"""<

)"""""""8.@ """""""aT 9""""""".F28 8 =

14

KT : Q p

T a] 6)/2

^:

m1"""""=.S |"""""H """"" END.""""";lAA = 8 A

>?""""/ ]""""S 9@""""J EN.""""28 A = »

15

= 6 519 À2 , Å)V2 ,

9 150 #"2 ,

).:2 U: , )Ja YS

17 265 p

13 , " Y"S Yd"{ )"ST 2T2 ,0") "U1 Y" x1

E"}aV µU2 EFU

1 337 Y"S2 , Gd" , )"}.

®

>./

¯ 12 202 2" `7 , KS2 ,

®

>"./

¯

11 407 p 0n@ )1d. y2zp

14 µ"U2 E"FU , YS 2T2 ,l) U1 Y x1

E""}aV 1 337 "" Gd"" , )""}. Y""S2 ,

®

>""./

¯

12 202 2 `7 , KS2 ,

®

>"./

¯ 11 407 p

y2 0n@ )1d.zp

15 m"?) , M"< ,"S Y"S 1 )#2 ,0) U1 Y x1

&

170 QV :< , :dd 2T2 ,

&

133 ,

"""QV """:< , 9"""1{ """ )"""ST2

&

362 ,

=

KT : zp a] 6)/ *|<2 :

9""""".Ll mU h""""" 6M"""""lD 8 8 8 D """""8A A 8

)""""8.@ Y"""" b""""aT /""""[A 8 8 =A = =

16

9.

: 6cd Y baT m?T p

a] 6)/2 :

"""NS x"""ST2 """Na o x"""D. """2A A 8 D8 z D = 8 8

"""?/ h"""+ ow """ """5T y2= D A D = D

17

KT : n^p

3

− GT

>?@

"< t"a Q . ml G)F

Y: R.

:

=.@ m?T lD = 2T ,m"S Á2 6cdS >

= , Gd , )}. YS2

®

>./

¯ 12 202 KS2 ,

,2 `7 ,

®

>./

¯ 11 407 p

16 , M< ,[L Æ YS ÇM] )#2 ,l) U1 Y x1

m""?)

&

221 G""1 >""+ ,2 ,

16 566 "":<2 ,

"QV , :d""d

&

133 "" Gd""2 ,

®

>""Q ¯

9 76 p /[2= = :

"N} }a @l=A p

, )"}. Y"S À2= =

Gd

− kSd >Q) −

m)@S x1 |#

:

® h j GV8 A 8

m8 =, ma )@2 ,

m r2 , e )#2 ,).@ Y :

Pd

¯ p

0nd )# .# >?@l p

17 m"?) , M"< ,"f Y"S K )#2 ,0) U1 Y x1

&

145 ""QV , xFd"" Y""S 2T2 ,

&

134 ,

QV , :dd2

&

133

"1{ " )ST2 , , 9

"QV

&

362 " Gd" , )"}. Y"S2 ,

®

>""./

¯

12 202 2 `7 , KS2 ,

®

>"./

¯ 11 407 p

m)/2 :

® xST8 D 8 ¯ KT : x@?2 x+8 8 p

(9)

@ m?T= = m 8 Ed/ MS >=.= = = ,

6Pd l

18

p

4

− GT

>?@

t"a 6"7 "T ih"@S xn/z 8

h+ )ST T/ @l ,b[: .

19

:

>.@= A = ,b"T "S

b[: .2 p

io"J ih"/ 9#2

20

p

ih"@l

>?"@

,0nd . c7 2

>.@A = b[:;

p

/ kJ * \&N * GPS :

− v7

−

a 6 >?@ ta B ba )2 ,. , iL t

m)/ , b y M< ,ma ba 52 . , ?<^ :

( 

#θßϑÏèôÛr&uρ

}§Í←!$t6ø9$#

uÉ)xø9$#

〈

u{

: 28

6)@ |# tl ,

,1¨ n B2 >?@ Y 0< G)F / 62V^ ^ » F7 m?V ;S *o2 ,. , RXM: G?)Fl=

21

p

UV /

>?@ GT : :

Y" 9aT MS >.@ K|8

18 G""/[ ""n2 GH""@ ""n

, K)Sd"". Yd""U

17 99 p

19 )#

:

,RS: Y ,K h+ )ST ,E7 YS G;a8

91. i5 , 2 )d" Y"S t"a T/ , y2 ,ET2

SU Y Ie2 1a YS2 ,{

105

"#

p

"}?

:

"1F h"@ l

1 153 E"/ , 20 "N. "2 ,

1 604 E/ , 2469 p

20 }?

: h"@ o)"J )"+2 R17 , d:U ,

9".+ Y"Sr

2 82 h@ aw2 , o)]"

, Kg"F

2 142 ,

+)" U2 ,

"a Y"Sr

&

1313 0"@ "Jw2 ,

Ed 6 107 p

21 ).:2 U:

17 266 }?2 , : ed"[: a)/

, "¬

x1d 1 434 p

MS >.@2 ,Pd e

,6Pd r2 m:S , @12 ,.a

"

>

b[: )Nl ,m:+5 p

ih"/ <o k12

>".@A = ".;S

b[:

p B2C :

*" ": K|C ,

*"S E 2 "8 = ,

";2

*1?S , ,E"U 2T 6" Y" m": ;md"[? *"2

:2 95QV2 G1 ENUSo .a )@

; )

m?d jÈS *Pd r *o 0< , )#2 ,EU Y p

GT rw ,GrPd" r B2 >?@ Y 0Fl ,ma2 j; B p

Ya *o K22 :

"1a Y"S

<

22

,"#2 ,

Yd"{2 ,e"1+ Y"S "2 ,9É@ < YS ;2

"1a2 ,9«. E#Sw2 ,KÈ1 Y"S "f Y"S Y¼

ET

23

p

YZ[ ¢S :2

24

p

22 ed[7 , Kg m+T

16 562 − 563 m.a 6"/ <

:

>?@

: m:aT MS 9.L:d ,

, )#2 m:S p B2 :

: K|C

Y|" hrc#2 ,6Pd r2 ,EU Y m;7 GT *S E2 * 8 = G1 Y ); GT TD 8 = 8 p

E7"5 ¤T Y"S 2T2

8 2495 ,

À 13953 m.a )U?

"T ^ p <

Y"S >l"? 0nd" , )"#2

1a YSr fV

& <

93 ml2 , :

>?@

: >".@ K|"

B2 ,9aT MSC 8 :

)SV B K|

p

23 Kg N+T

16 563 , 568

− 569 p

24 EN.

: 1a)ST

− Kf" "L j7[ , M<

23 34

− ,

À2 , Å)V2

9 150 p

(10)

3V /

>?@ : : >".@ K|"

r2 ".a M"S

b[: )Nl ,6Pd

>

m:+5 p

*""QB2 *""B K|"" )""Nl ,B"" ""T2 5 *Pd2^p Y""a |""# K2 :

""1a Y""S ,""#2 ,

<

9«. E#Sw2 ,i:/2 ,Fa2

25

p

¢S :2 YZ[

26

p

+ / >".@ )"Nl ,0nd" )"# >?@ GT :

KT ,*w :

m":aT M"l ,*Pd"2 ,P2 >±2 0;=

m1/ hÄ YA = z p

"a)8./ >=.@ >=./ Y )Nl^ 8 D ==

: 6P" ow p

22

J , *o

− m@? k1 M<

− 6)"/ T m.2 ,^

a]

:

"""@l R"""5 t"""a v)""" 9n"""aw2A A =

9a)"""8./2 9""": È"""ST 6"""/ ow8 = A D =

27

KT :

¸c2 9a)2 9:+5 ÈST p

)"Nl B TC :

*" ":2 *" =B K|"C D =

;

5 *Pd r YF ,EU 2T 6 Y m:^,

M?w2

25 Kg N+T

16 563

− 565 p

26 }?

: G". ed"72 Y¼ e17 ,

9;"N "

2 47 ,

ed""72 G"". ""< ed""[7 , Y¼"" E""F

&

538 ,

ÂS. 7 ; ed[72

5 548 p

27 À , M"< ,"S Y"S "1 )"#2 ,0) U1 Y x1

m?)

&

71 GH"@ f" , i1a )ST 2T2 ,

2 52 ,

Kg2 16 569 p

* mQ:S j;

p a] 6)/ m.2 :

""""?S ¿P"""" B"""" """" ~"""";= 8 D ==

>S""""""S m"""""".;. E""""""N:A = 8

28

a] 6)/2 :

*""" T """ B""" """ """z = A =

¿«""O2 K""/ R""S B""a "" owD = D A D

29

a] 6)/2 :

E =B""" Y""" f E"""F t"""a8 D A D = D = 8 A 8

6|"""12 5Md""" R"""@ """D.a28 8 8A = A

30

Ya K2 :

1a YS

<

31

,e"1+ Y"S 2 ,

Yd{2 ,E"T Y"S "f2 ,Fa2 ,#2 ,KÈ1

Y¼1a m.S2

32

p

28 x"SX Y"S Gd"{ )#2 ,0) U1 Y x1 ,<

, M"<

m?)

&

63 GH@ f2 ,

2 52 p

29 2T2 ,)" Y"S i2" )"#2 ,0") "U1 Y" x1D =

mT , 9++

1 204 G)"2 xF. , K22 ,

1 298 ,

G) , 91{ R;d2

8 279 p

30 1 Y x1 U

0)

,; ¤T YS e# )#2 , m"?) , M<

&

114

fV Y""S >l""? 0nd"" , 22 , ,

""1a Y""Sr

&

93 , 9"1¨@ 2T2 ,"1a Y"S mS N]: 45 ,

GH@ F5V >s

14 401 p

31 ed[7 , |. YS `T

− ). , M<

6 53

− Ya

1a YS 6/ <

:

>?@

: B2 ,6Pd K| : B" K|"C

6Pd r2 p

32 Kg N+T

16 565

− 566 , 567

− 568 p

(11)

["" YZ"[ )"N\ 6)"@ |"# vw "#o2^ L 0#T2 [2^

33

p

33 }?

: GM" Y"S 0"7@ ed[7

3 128 GH"@ "F5T2 , ,

9l]

2 86 GH"@ 2 , ,

h"[

2 226 f"2 ,

GH@

2 51 − 52

ed[72 GH@ 2 , ,

YS 1 Ê

K"

&

262

""QV2 , ,

xFd"" Y""Sr

&

135 ,

GH@ ed[72 ,

"1:/ Y"Sr

&

250 G"1 >"+2 ,

16 569

. M< , #2 , ,

K1?V FS ¤V

2 41 GH""@ ""2 , ,

:d""d ""FS ¤V

&

289

®

>?""@

¯ 2 ,

&

328

® B""

¯ GH""@ ""2 , ,

""U.

2 761 GH"@ " ed"[7 , qÈ 7)/2 , ,

"L

X

&

370

< , QV :<2, ,

¤V

9""1{

&

362

""L |""¶2 , ,

K""#f²

3 2386

® a ¯ − 6/2 l m :

® 7f' `J /a [

l?T%> `TJ /Ta J

¯ − ,

L °@2 ,

l YSr

&

835 ,

®

>"./

¯ 2 ,

&

633 ,

® a

¯ )L 2[2 , ,

KFd

&

204 GH@ ed[72 ,

""

, R"".f ¤T Y""Sr

3 81 ÀU""2 , ,

K#)""

1 603

®

""a

¯ , 2 983

®

>""./

¯ ed""[7 , +)""2 ,

:F ,

K5) 2 734 GH@ ed[72 , ,

;d

3 440 GH""@ "" , ""[2 ,

&

340

®

""a¯

,

2

&

430 − 431

®

>"""./

¯ +)""" """U2 ,

&

1313 ,

GH"""@ """2 ,

"""a ½"""@

&

117 ,

®

"""a¯

,

2

&

153 ,

®

>""./

¯

""L ed""[7 , ""V i<|""72 , ,

Kf)s YSr

2 10 9.L2 , , 95"QV ":< ,/ YSr

13 380

L Y GH@ , MS V [¹2 , ,

G5 ¤V

&

224 ,

® B""a

¯ 2 ,

&

263 ,

®

>""./

¯ ed""[7 , G""1:2 ,

GH@

, KÈ En§ ¤V

&

1168 G1 h)QT2 , ,

9@.]

5 757 p

U. [+)ST 6/

34

m.a

:

® 0/ Yd5T )#

L , jU )#2 ,|# ,

¯

35

p

"a Y"S m1d?2

36

E 0#T Y 6)@ K vw = 8

37

p

J * m+ 8>D :

1

− E§)/ Y m?T :

".;S ,G"l vw G"l >=./=

:

mw >2 mP p

k1 M< ,c ] , 22 p

2

−

>?"@S " G"< ) :

,".a M"S 9"[:F

6@ ;6cd Ya b[:

: ,0nd"2 >?"@ );¨T2

0@ y2 : B2

" B"S >?"@ 17w , YF , 0

)"# B" GT2 ,0nd" mS 9. >?@ GT ta jQ)» 6Pd r2 ,m: * :2 *B K|

p bl

F: >@ ;iL :@

38

p

34 )#

: , bT ,U. KÈ K ; YS ¼T [+ )ST 8

m ,:J G).lz :

® GH@

¯ 2 ,

® GH@ aw

¯ 2 ,

® º".

Ç)d.2 ¯

#e2 p 337

""#

0"/2 , : 338

""#

p

"}?

:

h1". "aT e ,

91#|"

15 401 − 402 "@1¨2 ,

YZ[

, K2

&

51 53– E/ , 63 p

35 GH@

2 761 p

36 )#

: ,9¨"?L ,¤U a YS YS k{1a ; )ST

m" ,T 9F m@l Ë Z[

:

® 7 , +)" "U ed"[

:F

¯ 2 ,

®

"Nl ¯ m)"J2 m"72 p

541

""#

p

}?

:

°;: LS ,

91

&

339 − 341 E/ , 1103 ,

YZ[ @1¨2 ,

9¨)d

&

60 − 61 E/ , 49 pp

37 +) U

&

1313 p

38 G1 >+

16 569 E} GH@ ed[72 , ,

e"< Y"Sr

10 67 p