PDF ˘ ˇ ˆ - jes.ksu.edu.sa

(1)

!

"# !$%

&

1

) ,(

+, - ! . /

&

2 (

) * $+

, -. / 06

02 1439

; -. 12/3 ,

09 06 1439

123$4 4$5)6 78 9:; <= )% >? :

@8 A;B CDE 4F3 ,G?HI 4F 5+$ , JI )%K

LGE MJ NOE PQR ST2 .G8 ?U 4 += V W3B 78 9:;3 ,G?HI X

8

− YGBF Z [B\ ]5. )% 4KE83

[T^

,

,J2E)_ `U )% >$aE)3 O 3

>

)% .G8

LGE 42b 7$ 2b 1258

YGBF ,8 , .$ ,

−1437 Z 1438 B)U3

GE ]cE. 78 ST2 :

6 4d+

_ 4e W3? +R _3 ,D)E$ +% G?HI X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K 4$5)

V Gcfg=

G?HI X 4F 5+$ , L; hiH YGBF 42b3 , LGE 42b 5G8 >fg [E 4+%

Z 1GBE )% >\3U3

G?HI X @8 A;B CDE3 G?HI 4F 5+ JI )% %3 Z

%364 78 X :

HI , A;B CDE ,G?

Z

_________________________________________________________________________

________

Secondary School Educational contributions to meet the cultural identity challenges

Nahlah Ali Hassan Al-qsseemi⁽¹⁾, and Nawal bint Hamad bin Mohammed Aljaad⁽²⁾ King Saud University

(Received 26/10/2017; accepted 25/02/2018)

Abstract: The study aimed to reveal Secondary School Educational contributions to meet the cultural globalization challenges. And the challenges of intellectual extremism on the cultural identity. And identify the distinctions among the sample responses that are related to Secondary for School Educational contributions to meet the cultural identity challenges which can be attributed to the type of education (public education or Holy Quran memorization “HQM”). And the current study depended on (survey) descriptive methodology. The study also used the questionnaire tool. The study sample present categories (1258) female students of both public and Holy Quran memorization education in the city of Riyadh for the academic year 1437-1438 H. The results of the study showed that: The issue of Secondary School Educational contributions to meet the cultural identity challenges scored moderately. And there are no statistical differences between the scores of female students studying in the general track, and those of female students studying in the (HQM). And recommendations of the Study supporting secondary schools’ role in countering the influence of cultural globalization and intellectual extremism on the cultural identity.

Key words: Identity, cultural globalization, intellectual extremism.

_________________________________________________________________________

________

1 ,jk NE^+$

) * $+ ,G Gl , R 4)G) L^/

Z

,

^ G ;K ,

! Z j 100114 Am Q$ ,

11635 Z (1) Master of Arts, Department: Education, College Education,

University of King Saud.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box (100114) Postal Code (11635).

n3;6 m :

[email protected] e-mail:

2 ) * $+ ,G Gl , R 4)G) L^/ ,o%:$ eE)U Z

(2) Associate Professor, Department: Education, College Education,

(2)

4 : ,$u 78 N2E vGc H [ ?HI

[w%E E$3 5E\U3

,xy:

,2012

67

,

,7 Gfg [ z{ 3U $U 3U |KE Au X?

,jk3 ,;B3 ,O3 ,GHE3 ,43 W}~u3 LGH3 ,3 ,%E3 ,h.B3 o^3 ,

3 [ ER [E 3 , N 78 Qy

%3 GJ^J6 4E^K 2R NOER 4$H ,G ,2014

Z12

l: $ cf [ G?HI X3 cf |G 1K:R3 ,|KE ?U V R3 %R <= ?6 ,cH3 ;B3 3 ,LGg j)U3 |KE 7$ N 78 QG [E

4KE

28 ,h38

; ,[/3T3 ,2015

Z263

,[+.;R HR 7$ G 5: $ 1 ,3

`G 4_ E{ , 4_F3 ,

,H t2R 7$ 2R $3

j: V A;?3

,3 ,2012

;92

<= PU

:R , 4U G?H3 GKG/ 4_F3 4NOR ?H 1G;

4^) 45+R3 ,5?}E~ @8 4KE GKGE

fH28 ,2013

3

4F . ?U ,

5.$ G?HI X @8 D~ 1;:R `8 4TE3 ,j_3 ,A;B CDE3 ,BEa G+.;E3 GK

.

~U 7$ G?HI R3 [E3 , U D

LG/ t}g= [.R [5? ;G?HI X @8 F 1;:R ,P~u 4?HI 1 `g3 ?H N$3 2$3 h2 ?H3 LG/ 1F3 ,|KE ?H3 LG/ {}EE?

,|KE , G?HI X @8 2) v;. ,$HE )3U V \~3 VH

,G ,2014

Z10

F A;B CDE 1;: yl i

7$ ~

A;B CDE? ,G?HI X +R [E 4TE 1OE^ 5? ,gU ?H3 |KE @8 B dyEJ_3 d_ 93 ,VH P A;B B

?u G)R @8 1KG? ,G?HI L5EX %:3 %;

gU h;E G?HI L5E 1G;:R `8=3 ,?DE ?HI3 ;B

,z/

,2006

Z161

4^) IlU 4^) R3 @8 2) R [E3 ,G?HI 4TE 5+$

,VH )3U V \~3 ,.KE , G?HI X W~ <= A .$U jD3 ,|KE

A;B

,A3 ,2012

3

E 3 , A

A;B CDE <= jD_

.

)% 4lU SGg J3)

,2013

70

, NR

,L5E 1G;:R3 j}D LG/ @8 G)% ?HI 3 >T3U `N{ U )%

,2010

−211

213

GU ,

G)R , )% %3 , 5)3 ,G?HI X

(3)

X 4F 5+ ;G))u 1g .$ j}D 4 7;R3 ,G?HI

= 7$ G?HI X TJ G ¡

D:Ju 7$ 3 ,GKE3 GKGE 9/ t}~

GB\}3 GBf

.

A3 )% 4lU yl

,2014

GU 259

+_ ¢:.E x 5G? LE [E VH K G8yE

%;?u 3 ]E.R / [E LGH3 t?u ? $=

HH

,EX EE:$ 3U EX 4lU *l

h.l )%

,2008

, j2: [83 MBR% `%3£ @8 429

|$ , QE8_3 G?HI L5E H g$

~u 4?HI @8 ¤EBJ_

5.$ `BE)_3 P

.

45U3 nH )%

L GU 1431

1 , X @8 ¥?T , ¦}D :.3 ,G?HI ]cEJ >.G yl

[B )%

NR 2011

SGg ,j}D @8 LGE MJ

= x% j}b h

}b 7$ G?HI X ;^ IlU G$;

x% j

G2.+u

.

, ,)%K A %3 . 5¥ . 7$

;G?HI X @8 §BT 4TE |$ 1$E tH8 s3 ,¨ 4F 5+ .$k ¢G2 [5?

[E KG^ 4HE3 4 _ 7;R3 ,j}D G?HI 3U ;B 4?TJ_ 7$ L5GKF 3U G. 3U

G8yE+_

,[K{l ,2010

Z4

/}DJ3 © G?HI X GU 7$

hU Yg}

7$ G?HI X >3.R G2.+u3 G 4)%

`8 zJ+

, 4F 4)% ª >3.R SGg

)%l G?HI X @8 G?HI

,«G^

,2011

= >? [E

<

)% dU |/3 78 9:;

@8 4G8R 5+$ , %3 $ JI 45+ JI )% %3 F3 ,G?HI X ,G?HI X @8 4G8R .G8 >O 3

)%

A$3 V5+$3 VK$ 7$ 742

3 4¥?T 7$ E) , ,x%$

N3

¨$ , 3

, )% ]cEJ U 7$3 9

5+$ , $ JI )% R A %3 GgJ 7$ d) ,G?HI X @8 4G8R du 3 5EG. 3U G?HI X @8 ¥?T

¬%

Z )%3 ,nH 1431

>? [E hG <=

X @8 ¥?T , JI )% G3^$

`%=3 L t}~ 7$ G?HI 1 , G$})6 ,¦}D :.3 {%63 G+E3 )%

>O 3

)% .G8 ,`B.H ¥? , y$ 390

/3

k 5U 7$ ,]cE. 7$ 8 )% 45U :

hU

4_3T G?HI 7$ ER G$})6 X ,G$})6 X 4$H$ vK z3R3 W~

(4)

VK^ d. U xBJ , 5B3 Z

®1l G3^$ hU3 7$

¥?T , {%63 G+E3 )% `%=3 L 4d+ G?HI 1 , G$})6 X @8

% ¦}D :. G3^$ 4d+3 ,+ K5$ +

K5$ +%

Z L U @8 CE 4)% ª >?5E)3

)%l G?HI X ¯$}$

,5G2 1428

[E ,

<= >?

Gg. 7$ G?HI X ¯$}$ L U ?$

g 42b3 j}b P Gl^3 ;B ;K JI L5EX L5l%=3 ,^ G

,G?HI X G\3 1G;:R %f$3 ,G?HI )% .G8 >O 3

7$ ®1l , 2b3 2b 2142

,`+3 $3 )% ]cEJ U 7$3

:

2^J @8 )% >fg

%6.5

%f$ 7$ %fKl

$ , ,G?HI X G\3 1G;:R `u tfg 1 H

2^J @8U @8

%40.6

Z

QQR Wb 4)% ª >E) yl )%l 5G8 ¥?T3 G?HI X 1G\R3 GK.R3

,1Gl ,2012

<= >? [E l- |/3 9\3

j}b P G?HI X GK.R , )%3 `u V JI g 3 ,¨$ ,

U X [E 4TE L U

]5. Ig2 >$aE)3 ,2D @8 u [B\

1GTE j)U U Ig2 >$aE)3 ,

`%3£ <= )% >\R3 ,[B^B 5+ ?R

®1l 7$

`u )%3

$1K 7$

1+U 3QR

j}D LGH

4%5$3 L5.;

7$

GK.R L%/

,GH L5KGR3 GBGl

E)_

4TE [E

q5+

7$

t}~

1c) ,BEa

GBGl3

`BE)_

7$

*R 4TE

|$

§B

@8 ,L5E

O QQR `%3£ @8 )% ]cEJ 4B)U yl .E ¯$}$ L U %2E8 j}D xBJ , G T `%3£3 ,G?HI %2E8 `GH @8 ¥?

Q;R$

±G))U `%3£ <= ?6 3 ,G?HI 5

aB3 ,3 ,%E QE8_ 8:$ dl=

Z )%3

,[B ,2011

[E <= >?

^ G ;K , G2.+u x% %3 ?$

,G?HI X GK.R , j}b V W3B ?$3

gK ^ G$; x%3 [2.+u LGE G. ,G?HI 5 L¥J TJ JI G)G^3 G^B.3 G?3 G8yE+_3 .G8 >O 3 ,

)%

x% 7$ V) 2b3 zb 802

I gK G$;3 G2.+u ,J

45U /3

k 5U 7$ ,]cE. 7$ 8 )%

: j}b hU

|KE 483 LG/ @8 h¥?² G$; x%

G8 +%

, IlU G$; x% j}b hU yl

(5)

G2.+u x% j}b 7$ G?HI X ;^

Z

)%3

,D

<= >? [E 1428

C/

$ JI )% 5)= P$ @8

X 1G\R , %3 .$ , G$;

4y ¥J 5+3 7$ 42D P G$})6 G?HI ,G)% D:Ju3 ,G)% 4%H t}~ 7$

,4y3 )% .G8 >O 3

.$ , K$ 350

, 45U /3

7$ ,]cE. 7$ 8 )%

k 5U :

$ JI )% , 4y hU

, 7 %3 7 .K 4.2 G$;

5GR ,G8 +% G$})6 G?HI X 1G\R D)E$ +% G)% D:Ju L ,4%H Z

5K , G2.+u 4)% >/DR yl <=

x% U3 ,O3 ,G?HI LGH3 ,G?HI E , G2.+u 4)% 7$3 ,G?HI X @8 +U )% t

2015)

N?R <= C [E

j}D P G?HI X MQJ 78 K³G/ 4$$

~ @8 LXfg 7$ |.K A3 ,VG.Gf VG3 `m

)% .G8 >O 3 ,Vf ´%~ G ¡=

2b 255

G.G\

7$

, V^

Pg=

.GJ , 4$r

Pg=3 )% ]cEJ 45U3 ,G)U , 4$r ,G?HI X bµ 7$ j}D [K² X [8 hU

5.G G)^g .8 ]E. 4?HI V 1TE hU yl Z

¶1l /3 3$ ,-R%i ,vG^J? 7$

2010

· d i 4%fR 78 9:; <= C )% d+

, VK3 x% h3R 7 j}D E yG? x%

G.Gf GGK;E x% C ,

)% 7$ 4JG2 ´aE) LR3 x%$ 6

y ,J= , G.G\

|$ 4} H$ *e , d k 7$ 24

3

,VK 7$ 21

45U3 )% ]cEJ

x% GU

,X3 ,AO %6 G¸ , G.Gf GGK;E

?HI3 Z P+U yl

>)i%

<= >? )% 2008

7$ G x% j}D +3Q ?HI PE^$ ?$

?u VG;$u j}D g3 ,G?HI X |$ ,/%

hU G? |3 LR yl ,[Klu J63 4

7$ Vl%: PE^$

[+3Q$

h;G) ?HI

,G?HI X 7$ E^$ |$ G ¡=3 `N2l 4b2R%

.G >J;R /3 ,[Klu J63 4 g3 7$

2b 125 3

2b 65

7$

JI x% j}b

HD.$ , G8 x%$ `8 7$ /%?u VG;$u Pm; o%GJ ,

/3 U 45

)%

GE ]cE.

: _

X |$ ?HI G+3 V N2l ¦¡= 2R% +

<= ?6 ,G?HI X V N2l C}E~ + JU

4 g3 G?HI [Klu J63

Z

M.R3 R Yg ,H ^ 4)% dHE)

(6)

,G?HI X >3.R [E 4)%

>3.R SGg

4)% ª X @8 G?HI 4F

)%l G?HI

,«G^

2011

)%3 ,

,nH

−1430

Z1431

CE 4)% ª >?5E)3

U @8 )%l G?HI X ¯$}$ L

,5G2

−1427

1428

QQR Wb 4)% ª >E) yl , )%l 5G8 ¥?T3 G?HI X 1G\R3 GK.R3

,1Gl 2012

)%3 ,

,[B 2011

)%3 ,

,D

Z1428

, G2.+u 4)% >/DR yl

E <= 5K U3 ,O3 ,G?HI LGH3 ,G?HI

G?HI X @8 x%

Z 78 )% 9E¸3

SGg )% G8 3 , P~u 4)%

9:; <= G )% C

8 7 4$5)6

X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K , IKE3 G?HI 7$ A;B CDE3 G?HI

G }D `{3 ,G }D D:Ju3 ,K t}~

Z

, H ^ 4)% 7$ )% 4BE) yl NbE ,A¥.

d. 3

`U ª G\3 ,)%

, . 3 :/.$

]cEJ )%

Z ;:$ %2ER . 7$3

p yl ST2 :

89 :

R |KE 4¢? IlU 7$

/ ,BEa c) ,HI 3QO3 ,I 4G.HE hE %f/ 1 , L5KG/3 ,G?HI L5E @8

5¥ . 7$3 ,A¨8 $ V 3 ,1G\U $ V 1G;:R , )% \~3 ,^)K G %3 X j2: P G?HI

,1Gl , 2012

Z360

*R `%D~ @8 4)% `8 GlR 1 ,3 ` )% 4%{U ,G?HI X @8 4TE

9D

,2014

<= 75

x , )% %3 GU

|? *e3 ;j2: P G.$u LG B3 LGH 6 4 _ 5B$ TJ G ¡

4 ~3 ,7$u

CDE `$ Z

h{ )% lR $ 3

,2015

257

lR e= ; D:Ju3 ]$m yE _ @8

;L 1G R `8=3 ,¦}D { z%R3 ,G }D A;B 7$u QQR3 A;B CDE 5+ *e3

.

WG^ ,3 4%{U Re

)%

1Gl

, 2012

<= 389

,j}D xBJ , G O QQR `%3£

dl= `%3£ <= ?6 ,`GH @8 ¥?T3

3 ,%E QE8_ 8:$

, %2E8 7$

4Q;R$

G?HI X Z

U yl «G^ )% >T3

,2011

hU 617

5+$ , %3 $ JI )% dU 4G8R

§B , d) ,BG d+ G?HI X @8 3U 3U X @8 Z

]cEJ 45U3

5G2 )%

hU 1428

, )% %3 1G;:R

(7)

G?HI X G\3 2^J BG d+ j}D P

P~u %fK Z

yl A33Q )% >B:l

,2012

−370

GU 375

j^El @8 VH `8^$

83% J; [; G.b3 4_3 G/3

¦O jDHE)_

Z

2) $ @8 .E)

; <= + P$ 5¥R

)%

G?HI X 4F 5+

42D @8 ,

LGE , KKl V¹Ig2 gU t hU <= ?6 JI ,L5E¥g}$3 42D |$ ºE X ¤RU A

42D yE Yg SGg

?HI / [E3 ,G O

,G?HI L5E 7$ 9R h·? D. 7$3

E vGc t^ , TE G )% ;:$

:

5+$ , JI )%K 4$5)6 $ X 4F

?G?HI

: ;<

: 9:; <= )% C

8 7 4$5)6

X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K G?HI , IKE3

G?HI ,

3 A;B CDE

`{3 ,G }D D:Ju3 ,4y t}~ 7$

G }D SI 9f 42b ¥J 5+3 7$ , AJI

G$; x% ,

hiH YGBF3 ,8 LGR

L;

4D)E$ V W3? o. hl e= $ ?$3 , 4$5)6 tg ST2 .G8 ?U 4 +=

G?HI X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K LGE MJ NOE PQR

8

− YGBF Z

=<

:

−1

>3.R 8$ )%

|G 7$

_ [E ;T u3 4)% 7$ Q$ X + hU 4GEB 55+R [E 4TE 7$ +

¨ , H `? , \~

Z hU yl ¢B

K `G 1g$ 7$ K5$ g$ @8 2H$

g [ 3 ,GK G$r

Z

−2

$ )G^ E) )% 4d+

`¼ GK.E D~ C U3 ,LGE )G)3 ,3

−2015

2019

5G? 4lU [E3 ,

@8 G)R GU

G$})63 G ;K

.

−3

LGE , %H [Jf `%\ [DR

K GB 4$5)6 ,)%

7$ T

4%3 $/· G?HI X @8 ` 4TE @8 ,GKGE GK @8 VKcH 1G E ]$m3 TE 5+$

4 3 , G+}83 ,Gc/3 ]$ ¤/

G?HI X GK.R3 QQE

X 4F 5+

G?HI Z

><

: vGc t^

: 4$5)6 $

?G?HI X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K

(8)

kl [ ¢)u 7$ 8 t^ 7$ MBE3 :

−1

$ 4$5)6

)%K , JI

7$ G?HI X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$

?42D ¥J 5+3 −2

$5)6 $ 4

)%K , JI

7$ G?HI X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+$

?42D ¥J 5+3 −3

_ 4e W3? +R 1

= Gcfg .8

_ PE^$

V 0.05

.G8 ?U 4 +=?3

, JI )%K 4$5)6 tg )%

X 4F 5+$

LGE MJ NOE PQR G?HI

8

− YGBF

?

@)%

: A4 @)B @8 )% 4¨E/ :

5+$ , JI )%K 4$5)6 ?$

A;B CDE3 ,G?HI 4F @8

X

42D ¥J 5+3 7$ G?HI Z

CD @)B

>H2b: 42b @8 )% `U

, AJI SI 9f LGE x%$

− YGBF

L; hiH

.K Z

EE84 @)EEB x%$ , )% >H2b :

G8. [$; AJI LGE

LGE

− YGBF

L; hiH .K

Z F @)B

>H2b: t3u ¬% 1fB ,

¬% 7$

−1437

Z 1438

G?#

:

H•

½: ^)$ AU $HR hU 7;K $ 1l

GHF , o%:R hU 7;K C :J 3U 5+ 7$

%\ 7$3 ,z%E3 LGE 5GH: GK.E 4$5)6 :

4%\=

4-J– 4}–

− 4)%

T 3

%R– z − 43J3 4$

− 4%:E)

¾

, D ,2013

Z238

"I J KJ+3 EL

4)%y3 ]$m3 D:Ju 7$ 8K :

?X )% 5$HR [E 42D JI

`{ 3U G }D D:Ju 3U K t}~ 7$

,G }D 5+

,A;B CDE3 G?HI

5G8 §B3 ,G?HI X GK.R C

Z

E •

½: G?H LG/3 4HE$ [

, hl: ?u 7$ 8K `Gg j)U3 4+µ _= [ $ cf 3 ,.G$ cf~

[E H 3 BD [Eg$ t}~ >;:R3 >J;R

$ B K E

`u 7$ ¿G² $ 1;

|KE <= q3

¾ ,A3

,2014

Z264

KJ+3

"I J 7$ 8KK B *^ :

,%E3 ,73 ,O , IKE3 G?HI cf

4HE3 43 ,W}~u3 LGH3 ,3

(9)

$ 52^E; [E3 R3 7~k |$ 8BR t}~ 7

78 QGKE$ ¡ ,.G$ 8 3U KE <= dyEJ_

P~u G?HI 4X3 4KE 7$ N

Z

•

½ : 4_TE *R [

, IKE3 7N~u 7H , 45 [E Hg}E `%I3 , 4F `%3 ,G+.;E

7$ 4TE *R BR $3 ,4$3 4_fR_

G?HI X @8 G2) 4G8R

¾ ,`%y8 ,2010

Z16

"EEI J KEEJ+3

EE EE EEG3 [ :

4TE

+R [E 42b

, AJI LGE

LGE x%$

, ,L; hiH YGBF 3U IKE3

/ ,A;B CDE3 ,G?HI 4F , G?HI X >E: 3U 9 LÀ

Z

EE EE EE EE4+ •

½: 8K

4 IKE3 ,HI zJr HE ¥ `H 5BR [E Gl^ yJu3 LGH3 GHE3

@8 .KG5 e=3 C= 1+U 7$ BG j:

[.b 5cyEJ3 5E

¾ ,3 ,2012

Z96

"I J KJ+3

E E 4+

[ :

|KE ?H df/· ,5E e=3 G?HI X C=

,|KE @8 G O ?HI ?3 , N3 l 5KHR3 [8 ´eK.

Z

MJ86 :J?3 •

½: 78 ´3

,G? N3 ,G8yE+_ LGH3 ,;B 8H LG/ [.2R3 |KE , `c^ Gl^ 4)%y3 3 J BR 7;K yl ,Bµ 4)%3 N$3

`H 7~k @8 9a AU ?

¾ ,H\

,2010

Z235

"EEI J KEEJ+3 MJEE86 :JEE?3

EE EE g$ , 4GEB3 j2: ? :

9¸ 4?H3 %;?U3 d%i3 4Gl^ H 7$ 9 3U >E: ,|KE , G8 C%E G?HI L5E 3 L5cyEJ Z

NGD O :

EE PEE . )% >$aE) :

]5

[T^ [B\

; )% 7$ CX hu

JI )% 5$HR [E 4$5)6 9\3 , IKE ,G?HI X 4F 5+$ 1+U 7$

A;B CDE3 ,G?HI Z

` ¥ 9\3 [B\ ]5.3 8 HG/ 4$$3 C\3U |3 ,5E)%

,5.

LEÀ3 ,|/ )% @8 KE [B\ j)u3 GKl 3U GBGl N2R 5.8 m3 ,HG/ B\3 5B\

,x83 ,283 ,4G28 ,1434

180

,

2).$ [B\ ]5.

5? U3 ,)% G2D Z

Q3R L 8 Á :

16861

, 2b

LGE 3 ,

L; hiH YGBF , 2b 778

(10)

.K ,

−1437

, 1438

G.HR `%=

,4$

−1437

Z 1438

8U , N2l 43BR + ¥J :

42D

L; hiH YGBF , LGE |KE ,

%HE$ VE.G Lg h; hU }? ;p\u tfT ;

7$ )% .G8 >J;R G83 ,/ IlU ]cEJ @8

640

3 ,8 LGR 2b

,L; hiH YGBF 2b 618

GH2D Gc: .G Hb )% >$aE)3 Z

S @<

`l J2E)_ )% >$aE) :

4G U d , 8= LR SGg ,4$ |Kr ;)% MK HE H ^ 4)%3 ,)%

,V^Gc% 7% 7$ J2E)_ >J;R /3 l [ 3

k

:

t3u %T :

, JI )%K 4$5)6

G?HI X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$

Z

3R K:

1 : t3u 2 :

4yK 4$5)6

.

nI 2 :

G }D D:JÂ 4$5)6 2.

SI : G }D `{K 4$5)6 $U .

nI %T 7$ h;R

: )%K 4$5)6

X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+$ , JI G?HI Z 3 R 1K:

: t3u 2 :

4$5)6

4yK nI 2.

: D:JÂ 4$5)6

G }D SI 2.

: `{K 4$5)6

G }D 4;G xGH$ )% >$aE)3.

(Likert)

[ 4%G3 ,%3T |GKr 4%Ga ¬y

:

L5^R _ ,BG ,D)E$ ,G8 ,+ G8

SGg ,

aE) LR E)_ +% @8 L;T k %G

:

+ G8 :

A3^ 3U 7$ @8U Z4.20

G8 : –4.19

Z3.40

D)E$

:

3.39 – 2.60

Z(

BG

:

2.59 –

Z1.80

L5^R _ : 7$ 1/U Z1.80

TU V8G4 %\ , J2E)_ 8 LR :

, VffaE VK;T 7$ 8K @8 G3u t

L 8 Á 3 ,4$+ `8 , vB. L83 G y; 13

; ,`%28 1l ¤3 P$ 7$ lE *e3

<= ?6 ,%TK 5cyEJ P$3 ,5EG\ $})3 X z). 1E d+= } 4%2 1R ,3.

,hK;T 5g/ [E 4}E3 4¥g} d

LR

G\

Gc5. %\ , J2E)_

d+=

VK;T zU 5G8 BR [E3 $} 4}E Z

W T$XY :

.G8 @8 J2E)_ G2DR LR

>J;R [E3 )% 4.G8 4¢? 1I GH2b Gc:8 7$

7$ 2b 60

|/ AJI SI 9f 42b

x%$ 7$ 2b 30

3 , LGE

7$ 2b 30

L; hiH YGBF x%$

Z j^g LR SGg 1$$

G; +%3 `%2 +% V h)N 2R%_

G= [KE. A 2 u 2R% j^g LR yl ,

% 1; G; +%

Z

(11)

/)

&

:(1 Z$%

[\ ]DXY ^+

) SD+ @ V _H "3 M` +D 8

a

/)b G4 :

c 4+ M d G4

: c MJ86 :J?3 M

ef SD+

H 7+4 ef

SD+

H ?9b g?

ef SD+

H ShJ4

g?

ef + SD H

7+4 ef

SD+

H ?9b g?

ef SD+

H ShJ4 g?

0.640 1

**

0.650 11

**

0.858 21

**

0.686 1

**

0.697 11

**

0.875 21

**

0.634 2

**

0.612 12

**

0.902 22

**

0.744 2

**

0.703 12

**

0.813 22

**

0.662 3

**

0.529 13

**

0.802 23

**

0.769 3

**

0.800 13

**

0.801 23

**

0.528 4

**

0.633 14

**

0.703 24

**

0.763 4

**

0.753 14

**

0.758 24

**

0.539 5

**

0.804 15

**

0.824 25

**

0.625 5

**

0.836 15

**

0.836 25

**

0.703 6

**

0.736 16

**

0.852 26

**

0.787 6

**

0.861 16

**

0.810 26

**

0.633 7

**

0.792 17

**

0.856 27

**

0.576 7

**

0.710 17

**

0.800 27

**

0.673 8

**

0.640 18

**

0.702 28

**

0.762 8

**

0.803 18

**

0.835 28

**

0.613 9

**

0.763 19

**

0.795 29

**

0.706 9

**

0.739 19

**

0.756 29

**

0.773 10

**

0.639 20

**

−

− 0.723 10

**

0.804 20

**

0.817 30

**

i%g **

k3$ / @

&

(0.01

^fl a

/)

&

:(2 Z$%

[\ ]DXY ^+

V ]DX + ^m _H "3 M` G 8

/)b G4 : c 4+ M d G4

: :J?3 M 86

c MJ

H 7+4 H

?9b g?

H ShJ4 H g?

7+4 H

?9b g?

H ShJ4

g?

0.842

**

0.907

**

0.895

**

0.903

**

0.922

**

0.940

**

i%g **

k3$ / @

&

(0.01

^fl a

r 7$ ¯E

t3

,1

2

hU LG/

$$

1

2R%

28 1l LG/3 ,G= [KE. A 2 G; +% `%

A %TK G; +% 1l 2R% 1$$

,G= [KE.

3 2+$

PE^$ .8 Gcfg=

_

0.01

J2E)_ 4%28 |G hU <= N: ,1/?

2R%_ `/ l3 ,+ BR$ W\ +% |EKER

V p~

GE. 3 ,)% `U 4%28 |G

nG G2DE J2E)_ Gg}\ lR Z

S @b Dn )% `U 42 7$ HTE LR :

cQE Hb3 ,Ä2J3l BU $ aE) 2^J >O SGg ,$l J2E)_ 4H? @8 ,GBf.

2J3l BU $ aE) `u 42

Ä

0.928

,

(12)

cQE $ aE) `u 42 2^J 4d+3 GBf.

0.928

3 G8 qU @8 ]cE. tR3 ,

`u Gg}\ @8 4}$ tR3 ,Gcfg=

¥J 5+3 M}DE) , 5cEJ @8 yE8_3 ,G2DE 42D Z

23$E4 I#% ob aE) LR :

k : h)N 2R%_ 1$$

; V 2R%_ j^

G= [KE. A 2 G; +%3 `%2 +%

Z

A %TK G; +% 1l 2R% V 3 `u p~ W^R_ 7$ lE *e3 ,G= [KE.

)%

Z cQE Hb3 ,Ä2J3l BU 1$$

GBf.

; *e3

`u 42 7$ HTE Z

LR yl

.G8 9\ ;¢ z^.3 ,4%;E ´aE) %3T 4%28 .G ?U 4 E)_3 ,)%

)% `U 5.KER [E G^Gc Z

R aE) L

¦^ ¿)E

; )%K 4$5)6 j^

X 4F 5+$ , JI 7$ `H? 1l , G?HI

7%TK ¦^ ¿)E3 ,`u 4H?

Z LR

A%G CTJ_ aE)

; , >E:E P$ ¯GE

4%28 7$ `%28 1; )% ?U 4 E) ¿)E 78 vGc %T <= ?6 ,%T R .8 ¦^ ¿)E 4%28 zGRR3 ,¦^

3^

>E:R 1/U ¯f %2E~ aE) LR.

T-test

; hG2

PE^$ .8 Gcfg6 _ 4e W3B ,1/? 0.05

V 4D)E$

MJ NOE H?3 )% ?U 4

)%

8 LGR

− L; hiH YGBF Z

NGD PI3 :

/)b / p$EE PIEE3 :

EE EE EE

cE 4+

D? Jq ) ! a

4D)E >2^g t^ 78 +Å .G8 78 E)_ %G 4?TJ_3 G ^

t3r V23 )% `U @8 )%

]cEJ 3

E)_

Z

ef /)

&

:(3 c 4+ 4 4 7+

a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

B G3^ 42D P K QR 1 ,

5?¼= >F D:Ju ª GB.R , 75G8 yE8_ *e3 Z

3.93 G8 1.12

})6 LGR 9¸ _ [E GHE3 4 @8 ¥?T @8 42D K SF 2 Z

3.84 G8 1.12

GT |KE /3 G)% 4%H |G$ V K ¿ R 3 Z

3.72 G8 1.10

E [E G$}86 7$ 42D K %F 4 })6 2$3 LG/ |$ G?H ´eyJ 7$ I2R $ %

Z 3.62

G8 1.17

(13)

QX u ef /)

&

(3 a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

G/}~U N 4Gl) 7$ 4}^^ ª 8R $ `%D~ 7$ 42D K %F 5 Z

3.34 D)E$ 1.31

K lR 6

¨ 4NOE$ 1 , G O @8 ¥?T `%3£ 42D @8 Z

3.27 D)E$ 1.13

GT ?HI 9 _ y TJ3 4{ j.^l r }86 1c) 1I$u aE)_ GBG; 42D K +R 7 Z

3.24 D)E$ 1.31

42D K 8R 8

=

QE8_ <

[.b G:.

Z 3.14

D)E$ 1.46

6 4 _ 42D P K [K.R 9 G.b 4E. TJ G ¡

Z 3.03

D)E$ 1.23

G?HI X vKb , G?HI %i 42D K ¯R 10 Z

2.82 D)E$ 1.18

¿)E 3.39

D)E$ 0.11

EJ 7$ ¯E L/% t3r ]c

,3

z^T 3

H ) T %G )% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU

, JI )% K 4$5)6 2 G?HI X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$

4d+

D)E$

p; L5EH?$ ¿)E$ Á SGg ,

3.39

; ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3 ¬y %G

7$ 4;G

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

hG2E)_ @8

)% `U Z

4D)E LG/ @8 d. VR%28 @8U >Jl

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 1

½ *e3 B G3^ 42D P K QR

75G8 yE8_

5?¼= >F D:Ju ª GB.R ,

¾

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg <3u 2R

3.93

,

4d+3 +% H ) T %GK H?3

G8 ,

, L %3U NOR <= |+ *e , z2^ 13 <= y %3 ,{$3 ÆG$3 +$ <= S ¨

GK.R3 QQR Gu K o%=

P vB. HI

G^B. 1l: 7$ NI; @8 dH ;42D X @8 ¥?T , %3 X E 3 ,Gfa:3 h.l )% 45U SGg ,G?HI

2008

U 7$ hU ,

vB. HI 8 G?HI X @8 `r Z

L/% `%2 4d+3

[ 3 2

½ SF 42D K

9¸ _ [E GHE3 4 @8 ¥?T @8 })6 LGR

¾ ¿)E Á SGg ,GJI 2R

¦^

3.84

4d+ SGg , T %GK H?3

+% H )

G8 <= |+ *e , z2^ 13 ,

, GHE3 4 G 4y %

G , SGg

= @8 ¥?T , %3 X3 ,G$G `G 7$ dQ+ q

E?H3 |KE Z

$ |$ GcQ+ `%2 BER3

[B @G )% , d+

2011

, j}D hU , ,

(14)

|KE 483 LG/ @8 h¥?² G$; x%

G8 +% A^

Z

8 d. VR%28 1/U >Jl 4D)E LG/ @

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

10

[ 3

½ vKb , G?HI %i 42D K ¯R

G?HI X

¾ ¿)E Á SGg `¼ 2R

¦^

2.82

4d+ SGg , T %GK H?3

+% H )

D)E$

z2^ 13 , +

j ¯E? [8E^R G)% 4%H , |G$

5^BJ ` 4y$ |$ %3 :/.

Z 4d+3

L/% `%2

[ 3 9

½ 42D P K [K.R

6 4 _ G.b 4E. TJ G ¡

¾ 2R

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg )E

3.03

SGg , 4d+

GK H?3 +% H ) T %

D)E$

,

4dH t}~ 7$ K [83 <= z2^ y 3 QE8_3 ,[.b dyEJ_ G 4%33 G.b $

Z .G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N:R3 ,t3u 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

*e t3 , D)E$ +% 7K5^ 4y hU @8

G?HI X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$

Z

5G2 .$ )% |$ )% ]cEJ 9E¸ * 3 1428

, G8 +% 7 %3 7 4y hU , , nH )% |$ 9E¸ yl ,G?HI X 1G\R

3U [E 1431

¥?T , L G3^$ hU >T

+ K5$ +% 4d+ X @8 Z

ef /)

&

:(4 4 g? ?9v 4

c 4+

a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

LGH©R 11 63 :l G O QQE 4H ^$ 42D G }D D:Ju TJ3 dH

Z 3.34

D)E$ 1.31

6 aE)_ 4%5$ 42D G }D D:Ju z^;R 12 G?HI X @8 §BT I G.HE 1c) ¦¡

Z 3.18

D)E$ 1.29

8R , G }D D:Ju L5^R 13

|KEK G?HI 5 Ba G O G?HI ¥ 2. 42D G Z

3.12 D)E$ 1.25

%.r h+5Kl G?HI 42). )% , G }D D:Ju 1BEF 14 Z

3.08 D)E$ 1.38

G/}~u LGH QQR , GGIKE : G }D D:Ju 9R 15 42D .8

Z 3.03

D)E$ 1.28

|/$ LGKfR , 4 42D 48 = G }D D:Ju +R 16

= G?HI X G)R , L5^R GJ3;

Z 2.88

D)E$ 1.38

6 ]$m G }D D:Ju 9R 17 @8 G?HI baK 42D G8R , G)% G$}8

G?HI X Z

2.85 D)E$ 1.22

o}5E)_ G{R 5B$ 42D P G }D D:Ju [K.©R 18

4G))u d¼ Z

2.60 D)E$ 1.19

G 75 ª LR , 4yE5 42D G }D D:Ju 8^©R 19 Z

2.46 BG 1.25

4%Q G }D D:Ju L¥.©R 20 [.b 9TEl G?HI 7l$Â G)%

Z 2.27

BG 1.30

(15)

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

4

z^T 3 ,

H ) T %G )% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU

JI )% , D:JÂ 4$5)6 2 4F 5+

4d+ G?HI X @8 G?HI

D)E$

2.88

7$ 4;G ¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

@8

hG2E)_

)% `U Z

@8U >Jl VR%28

d.

4D)E LG/ @8

@8 G ^

E T.

: L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 11

O QQE 4H ^$ 42D G }D D:Ju LGH©R½ 63 :l G TJ3 dH

¾ SGg <3u 2R

¦^ ¿)E Á

3.34

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

<= z2^ y 3 ,

yE 4GB3 4H ^ $/· LGE `%3 ,G O [ G 2gf \~ ,BEa D vK{ )% , d+ $ |$ GE. BER3 1428

+% %3 AR G }D D:Ju hU , , $/= b 78 G O d.E8_ , D)E$

3 ,: 4H ^$

D3 ,dH6 Z

3 `%2 4d+

L/%

[ 3 12

½ 42D G }D D:Ju z^;R

6 aE)_ 4%5$

I G.HE 1c) ¦¡

G?HI X @8 §BT

¾ Á SGg GJI 2R ¦^ ¿)E

3.18

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

, , z2^ 13

|$ ,42D 7KH [E D:Ju `Il <= *e *R @8 VKcH 12/ 7$ ¦¡63 KE^ G+E D:Ju Z R%28 1/U >Jl d. V

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

20

[ 3

4%Q G }D D:Ju L¥.©R½ 7l$Â G)%

[.b 9TEl G?HI

¾ Á SGg `¼ 2R

¦^ ¿)E

2.27

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

BG

*e z2) 13 ,

4/BE 42D @8 4%Q *R 1I$ %fE/ <=

Z

D vK{ )% |$ `%2 ]cEJ BER3 1428

+% %3 AR G }D D:Ju hU , , Kl ,G?HI %K 4%Q LG¥.R , BG

jE;

3 .

L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 19

8^©R½

75 ª LR , 4yE5 42D G }D D:Ju G

¾ ¦^ ¿)E Á SGg )E 2R

2.47

+ SGg , +% H ) T %GK H?3 4d

BG

[E ]$m %f/ <= z2^ y 3 ,

yE _ <= ]$m 3 ,75 7$ M. >3.R G+.;E Z

.G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N:R3

(16)

,nI 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

t3 +% L5^R G }D D:Ju hU @8 *e X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$ , D)E$

.$ )% |$ )% BER * 3 ,G?HI 5G2 1428

%3 AR G)% D:Ju hU , , G?HI X 1G\R , D)E$ +%

Z |$ 9E¸3

nH )%

1431

, [E T3U

>

G3^$ hU

+% 4d+ X @8 ¥?T , ¦}D :.

K5$

Z

ef /)

&

:(5 4 g? ShJ 4

c 4+

a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

3 M+4 J

BEa 42). , 75K;E *e3 GH~ 4GI 42D G }D `{ [.ER 21 Z

3.48 G8 1.37

4?HI GHR 7$ 42D G }D `{ %F 22 G2.+u

[$})6 7 LGE Ba : 4f/3 x2 , Z

3.28 D)E$ 1.44

{ HR 23 42D `Ç H v [E 8E 4£T 1K G }D ` Z

3.04 D)E$ 1.37

|KEK G?HI X QE8_ <= 42D G }D `{ SF 24 Z

2.91 D)E$ 1.33

42D V G?HI X 5B$ G }D `{ -.R 25 Z

2.86 D)E$ 1.35

)% |/$ G }D `{ 1BR 26 E

G?HI X vKb @8 G?HI %D~ 42D bg6 Z

2.64 D)E$ 1.39

6 ¤EBJ_ @8 42D G }D `{ [³8R 27 G?HI X @8 ¥?T |$ P~u 4?HI @8 ¦¡

Z 2.61

D)E$ 1.30

6 |/ Kc/ <= 42D G }D `{ +R 28

|KE ?HI dyEJ_ QR [E `GB GJ3;

Z 2.60

D)E$ 1.32

G2. LGH -. ?X `NfH }?u 1K8 @8 42D G }D `{ |:R 29 Z

2.46 BG 1.34

¿)E 2.88

$ 0.04 D)E

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

5

z^T 3 ,

)% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU H ) T %G )% , G }D `{K 4$5)6 2 X @8 G?HI 4F 5+ JI 4d+ G?HI

D)E$

L5EH?$ ¿)E$ Á SGg ,

p;

¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3 2.88

7$ 4;G

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

hG2E)_ @8

)% `U Z

@8U >Jl VR%28

d.

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

21

[ 3

½ 42D G }D `{ [.ER GH~ 4GI

BEa 42). , 75K;E *e3

¾ <3u 2R

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg

3.48

H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T %GK

G8 *e z2) 13 ,

(17)

`{ D~ , ]$m *E `% VKR <=

U yl ,G)% .^ t}~ G }D [83 <=

LGH QQR , L;E G G }D `{

G/}~u 3 .

L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 22

½ %F

u 4?HI GHR 7$ 42D G }D `{

, G2.+

[$})6 7 LGE Ba : 4f/3 x2 ¾

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg GJI 2R

3.28

SGg ,

+% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+

D)E$

,

LGE G }D `{ QE <= *e z2) 13 7$ [KG¥.E 1G , d+ $ G2DR3 ,[$})6 7 , d+ $ `{ GB.R <= U yl ,42+3

^ 4Ba T 4d+= 7$ o^ Tc_

Gl

G$})6 LGE G?.

.

R%28 1/U >Jl d. V

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

29

[ 3

½ 1K8 @8 42D G }D `{ |:R

G2. LGH -. ?X `NfH }?u

¾ 2R

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg )E

2.46

SGg ,

+% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+

BG

,

@8 |G:E 9 <= *e , z2^ 13 ,GGIKE : dBEl_ 3U ,`NfH }?u 1K8 G2. LGH -J , G)% 8e63 Z

3 `%2 4d+

L/%

[ 3 28

½

<= 42D G }D `{ +R 6 |/ Kc/

?HI dyEJ_ QR [E `GB GJ3;

|KE

¾ ¦^ ¿)E Á SGg .$I 2R

2.60

+% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+ SGg , D)E$

`{ o%= <= z2^ y 3 ,

6 |/ ª `%D~ <= G }D 8 , GJ3;

8Q

|KE ?HI dyEJ_

Z

.G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N:R3 ,SI 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

+% L5^R G }D `{ hU @8 *e t3 X @8 G?HI 4F 5+$ , D)E$

G?HI Z ]cEJ 9E¸ * 3 )% |$ )%

nH 1431

, [E T3U

>

G+E G3^$ hU

K5$ +% 4d+ X @8 ¥?T , {%63 +

Z dEE / p$EE EEH :

EE EE EE

MJE86 :JE?3 E D? Jq ) ! c a

78 +Å 4D)E >2^g t^

.G8 78 E)_ %G 4?TJ_3 G ^

t3r V23 )% `U @8 )%

]cEJ 6

E)_

Z

(18)

ef /)

&

:(6 4 7+

4 MJ86 :J?3

c a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

)% .)3 jEl , d+ y 1K 42D K SF 1 Z

4.34 G8 0.98

ÈK.R 2 d%k t2R t}~ 7$ % O 4%5$ 42D P K [ Z

3.69 G8 1.19

7H2b 9EaK 42D K 1$R 3

`g3 $$ G8yE+_

Z 3.67

G8 1.36

Z 3.43

G8 1.25

7b HR 1+U 7$ LGE TJ 42D |?3 K QBF 5 Z

3.38 D)E$ 1.24

6 N;BE 4%5$ GK.R , K L5^R 6 D P [8

42 Z 3.31

D)E$ 1.22

3.10 D)E$ 1.30

p2H zfE ª?% 42D xBJ , K QR 8 Z

3.05 D)E$ 1.39

d.2 H. @8 42D K |:R 9 6 1c)3 ,

BEa }8 Z

3.04 D)E$ 1.30

%5¥ zg3 `5: d%3 M?J_ z/8 7$ 42D K %F 10 Z

2.90 D)E$ 1.37

¿)E 3.39

D)E$ 0.11

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

6

, z^T 3

)% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU H ) T %G 2 JI )% , KK 4$5)6 G?HI X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+

4d+

D)E$

¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3 3.39

7$ 4;G

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

hG2E)_ @8

U )% ` Z

@8U >Jl VR%28

d.

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 1

½ jEl , d+ y 1K 42D K SF

)% .)3

¾

¿)E Á SGg <3u 2R

¦^

4.34

T %GK H?3 4d+ SGg , H )

+%

G8 <= *e , z2^ 13 ,

.)3 jEl , d+ y 1K G K %:E) )%

@8 §B3 ,42D %;?U VfF ,

, d+ $ |$ GE. BER3 ,TGTf `GH 1Gl )%

2012

@8 ¥?T `%3£ 7$ ,

Q;R$ %2E8 `GH ±G))U

G?HI 5 Z

3 L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 2

ÈK.R½ P K [

d%k t2R t}~ 7$ % O 4%5$ 42D

¾

¦^ ¿)E Á SGg GJI 2R

3.69

SGg ,

+% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+

G8 ,

E <= *e , z2^ |+ y 3 , LGE `%3 y

EG?3 LE GK8 , 42D l%:$ PE^$ |?%

4GGR) 7$ NI; M2R <= K |?

(19)

t2R t}~ 7$ 3U ,% @8 KER [E v%E A3 ,|%: GB.R , 2b |$ d%k K

;?u 7$ 42D VfF , %3 9E¸3 ,?DE %

%2 d+ $ |$ )%

,2009

8 7$ 42

$ |$ `%2 9E¸ yl ,d.2 % V yE D vK{ )% , d+

1428

K hU , ,

V % O GK.R , D)E$ +% %3 AR 42D

.

R%28 1/U >Jl d. V

8 4D)E LG/ @

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

10

[ 3

½ d%3 M?J_ z/8 7$ 42D K %F

%5¥ zg3 `5:

¾ Á SGg `¼ 2R

¦^ ¿)E

2.90

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

*e , z2^ 13 ,

d%3 42D M?J `%D K o%= <= |+

SGg ,%5¥ zg3 `5:

= G^B. 422^ 7$ h h_^ le $ CDE

,2004

d%3 M?J_ 27

,* } $ 7; 3 Eg %5¥ zg3 `5:

AR ?DE$ %;?U M.E/ hl 3 y8 ST2G?

H3 zaE <=

N$E3 1E 3 .

L/% `%2 4d+

9

[ 3

½ d.2 H. @8 42D K |:R

BEa }8u 1c)3 ,

¾ Á SGg )E 2R

¦^ ¿)E

3.04

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

<= |+ z2^ 13 ,

D K %:E) 6 1c)3 , $ `%

,}8

@8 KER 42D @8 `%H$ |G$ +3 hU yl 6 1c) d.2 H.

4y :/.$ 7$ ² ,}8

2D |$ |G *R 1I$ 4~u 4

Z

.G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N:R3 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

,t3u

, D)E$ +% L5^R K hU @8 *e t3 G?HI X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+$

Z

ef /)

&

:(7 4 g? ?9v 4

MJ86 :J?3

c a

r s34 D+

t$B Y

: JG J3 M+4

42D P G$})6 LGH G }D D:Ju )R 11 Z

3.42 G8 1.21

[$})6 +E d , ¯$^E o) 42D G }D D:Ju z^;R 12 Z

3.22 D)E$ 1.23

?DE %;?u 7$ 42D G?; y G }D D:Ju HF 13 Z

3.19 D)E$ 1.27

¿ $ |KE d.2 42D P .b 5B$ G }D D:Ju QR 14 Z

3.18 D)E$ 1.26

7X H² yG? 75? 4/3U %yIE)_ 42D G }D D:Ju +R 15

= J

= G ¡ Z 3.17

D)E$ 1.32

E 4%5$ DR , G }D D:Ju L5^R k |$ 42D P tB 1\

7~

Z D)E$

(20)

QX u ef /)

&

a(7

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

k TJ3 75^BJu 42D `¥J V^F @8 G }D D:Ju 8^R 17 7~

Z 3.14

D)E$ 1.30

42D G }D D:Ju z^;R 18 1K W^ $} 4%5

Z 2.83

D)E$ 1.31

2%R 4%3 G }D D:Ju R 19 G

% 4%5$ o}E$ @8 7 8^R 42D Z

2.82 D)E$ 1.36

;? 42D G8E dy ?E) @8 G }D D:Ju !F 20 Z

2.81 D)E$ 1.38

¿)E 3.10

E$ 0.05 D)

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

7

, z^T 3

)% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU H ) T %G )% , G }D D:JÂ 4$5)6 2 X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+ JI 4d+ G?HI

D)E$

p;

¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3 3.10

7$ 4;G

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

hG2E)_ @8

)% `U Z

@8U >Jl VR%28

4D)E LG/ @8 d.

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 11

½ G$})6 LGH G }D D:Ju )R P

42D

¾ ¦^ ¿)E Á SGg <3u 2R

3.42

+% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+ SGg , G8 LGE `%3 yE <= *e |+ y 3 , P G$})6 LGH QR [E ]$m ¤D *R @8 VKcH yE <= U |+ yl ,42D D:Ju LGH QR [E ]$m %GE~ x% , 42D 5+EF [E G$})6

Z ]cEJ BER3

D vK{ )% , d+ $ |$ `%2

1428

, ,

, G8 +% %3 AR G }D D:Ju hU G$})6 LGH G)R 3 .

L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 12

½ D D:Ju z^;R , ¯$^E o) 42D G }

[$})6 +E d

¾ Á SGg GJI 2R

¦^ ¿)E

3.22

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

<= |+ z2^ 13 ,

+3 |$ ,[8yr 1K j)u D:Ju M2R

*R @8 VKcH 7$ `KE^ 45G+E D:Ju

.

R%28 1/U >Jl V

4D)E LG/ @8 d.

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

20

[ 3

½ G8E dy ?E) @8 G }D D:Ju !F

;? 42D

¾ ¿)E Á SGg `¼ 2R

¦^

2.81

T %GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

H ) +%

D)E$

9 <= z2^ 1 ,

|+ y % 3U ,LXO:J z2^ 3U ,dy |$ 1\E

(21)

1I$ 1GBE $} 4J;$6 +3 , d+ $ |$ `%2 ]cEJ 9E¸3 ,4dH D vK{ )%

1428

G }D D:Ju hU , ,

, BG +% %3 AR dy ?E)

7;B3 Z

3 L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 19

½ R

2%R 4%3 G }D D:Ju G

7 8^R 42D

% 4%5$ o}E$ @8

¾ Á SGg )E 2R

¦^ ¿)E

2.82

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

D)E$

<= *e |+ y 3 , $

h2l ` r le

,2009

33

7$ L JU 7$ ,

2 5EG2R3 ,G }D D:Ju ]$ R3 M.R x% , D:Ju )% hU _= ;42D 4+g3 GJQG3 :. MJ @8 9/E 4.2 JI D:JÂ `?E 4J;$63 C3¥3 ,X ffa Z

:R3 .G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N

t3 ,nI 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

, D)E$ +% L5^R G }D D:Ju hU @8 *e G?HI X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+$

Z

ef /)

&

:(8 4 g? ShJ

4 MJ86 :J?3

c a

r s34 D+

t$B : JGY

J3 M+4

6 4y^ 42D P G }D `{ QR 21 [$})6 7 2$ d , G ¡

Z 3.40

G8 1.40

g 42D @8 G }D `{ lR 22

f 2Tf %GE~ 7^

Z 3.29

D)E$ 1.38

7b dyEJ_ QR [E G.b 42). , l%: @8 42D G }D `{ SF 23 Z

3.27 D)E$ 1.39

9. 4)%y 4Hf 78 E _ 42D G }D `{ ¯f.R 24 Z

3.11 D)E$ 1.43

K.R 25 t}~ 7$ vB. HI 42D P G }D `{

= BEa 75l:$ 1g , L5l¼ Z

2.98 D)E$ 1.41

]$ 42D G }D `{ HR 26

= 4 DR , {%

Z 2.88

D)E$ 1.40

6 1c)3 7$ 42D G }D `{ %F 27

;B 48Q. S2R [E }8

?DE Z 2.86

D)E$ 1.45

;K +R [E 4TE |$ ¦¡6 1$E WD 42D Nf2E R 4dH G }D `{ HR 28 Z

2.66 D)E$ 1.36

G$})6 LGH GK.E 8R }?U ´EJ= @8 42D G }D `{ |:R 29 Z

2.56 BG 1.39

`Ç H tg dy %2l ¢G 78 `%f 4JG2 3U P3EB G }D `{ ¯R 30 Z

2.52 BG 1.39

¿)E 2.95

D)E$ 0.02

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

8

, z^T 3

)% .G8 ?U 4 E) hU H ) T %G 4$5)6 2 )% , G }D `{K

X @8 A;B CDE 4F 5+ JI 4d+ G?HI

D)E$

p;

¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$ 3 2.95

(22)

7$ 4;G

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

hG2E)_ @8

)% `U Z

@8U >Jl VR%28

d.

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

[ 3 21

½ , G ¡6 4y^ 42D P G }D `{ QR

[$})6 7 2$ d

¾ Á SGg <3u 2R

¦^ ¿)E

3.40

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

T +% H )

G8 |+ *e , z2^ 13 ,

1G , %3 yl G }D `{ 5$ 7$ hU <=

,42D P QQR3 G ¡6 4y^ GK.R [KG¥.E .^ G$})6 4 *^KE @8 L5Ig3

`%3

,LGE − 1436

,1437

Z58

3 L/% `%2 4d+

22

[ 3

½R %GE~ 7^g 42D @8 G }D `{ l

f 2Tf

¾ ¿)E Á SGg GJI 2R

¦^

3.29

H ) T %GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+%

D)E$

%:E) <= |+ *e z2) 13 ,

1GHE , f 2Tf %GE~ Gu G }D `{

; 7$

3 G8yE+_ 4};: 7$ NI

.

R%28 1/U >Jl d. V

4D)E LG/ @8

E T. @8 G ^

: L/% `%2 4d+

30

[ 3

½ `%f 4JG2 3U P3EB G }D `{ ¯R

`Ç H tg dy %2l ¢G 78

¾ 2R

E Á SGg `¼ ¦^ ¿)

2.52

SGg , +% H ) T %GK H?3 4d+

BG

1 ,

+ G }D `{ ?$ <= |+ *e , z2^

_ 5¡ 4JG2 *R 1I$ 5.$ %fR GK)% |/$

5G8 lR 3U 5TR 3 .

L/% `%2 4d+

29

[ 3

½ D G }D `{ |:R }?U ´EJ= @8 42

G$})6 LGH GK.E 8R

¾ SGg )E 2R

¦^ ¿)E Á

2.56

%GK H?3 4d+ SGg ,

+% H ) T

BG

*e , z2^ 1 ,

G)% 8e6 <= G }D `{ %fE/ <= |+

H GK.R , GGIKE : 3U +3 3U ,G$})6 LG

LXO:J GEJ 42D 12/ 7$ G/ 4 E)

¬% 1GfTE Z

.G8 ?U 4 += hU <= H ^ ]cE. N:R3 ,SI 2 4H? |G @8 D)E$ >Jl )%

D)E$ +% L5^R G }D `{ hU @8 *e t3 DE 4F 5+$ , G?HI X @8 A;B C

.

d. 3 |$ )% ]cEJ BER ,2) $ @8

D vK{ )%

1428

G }D D:Ju hU , ,

D)E$ +% G?HI X 1G\R , %3 AR };

A K %3 , 5$ 9E¸3 ,7%T >fg y.G ,G8 +% @8 1fg @8 )%

7%T }; D)E$ +%

Z

NE / p$E H 4e W3? +R 1 :

(23)

_

= _ PE^$ .8 Gcfg V 0.05

?E3

4$5)6 tg )% .G8 ?U 4 +=

G?HI X 4F 5+$ , JI )%K LGE MJ NOE PQR

8

− GBF Y a

ef /)

&

:(9 D3W PI3

&

( e+3 w :g3W xH yDz @ J< O3 ?3 V a

e+3 w

@+

t$B s34 : JGY

M+4 TJ6

D3W f ?34

&

( JB @ Y k3$

8 LGR 640

183.3250 46.37579

hi/ YGBF 618

183.3447 47.28982

0.033 0.007

1256 0.994

L/% t3r ]cEJ 7$ ¯E

9

, WB hU ,

,4yK 4$5)6 V 4D)E x% , ,G }D `{3 ,G }D D:Ju3 4F 5+$ , LGE JI HI X

G?

,

D:Ju3 ,4yK 4$5)6 V 3 YGBTE JI x% , ,G }D `{3 ,G }D 4F 5+$ , L; hiH G?HI X

0.033

[ +% hU3 ,

1256

KG/ hU3 ,

%2E~

4 HE^ 4.G

0.007

KG/ hU3 ,

PE^$

%2E~_ _

4 4D)E V WB

0.994

.8 Gcfg= t N 3 ,

Z0.05

Gcfg= _ 4e W3? + _ J·? E 3 , LGE 42b 5G8 >fg [E 4+% V

4F 5+$ , L; hiH YGBF 42b3 X

G?HI Z *e |+ y %3 G$; x% GHF <=

Ll hi/ YGBF3 ,8 LGR . C U <=

y %3 ,^ G ;K , LGE )G^ G ,D:Ju MJ SGg 7$ 42D ¢G :R <= |+

K 7$ 1l 5$3 ,5HHF z+ C u3 G }D `{3 Z

BER E 3 |$ SI t^ ]cEJ

[B @G )%

2011

x% j}b hU 7$ ,

G?HI X ;^ IlU G$;

Z

ef /)

&

:(10 D3Y )- Q, 8 s34 a

- ^8 8 s34 - ^8 M+4 : JGY

/)b G4 3.06

0.04

d G4 3.15

0.05

D3Y )- Q, 8 s34 3.10

(24)

L/% t3+ 7$

tÉ^E @8 +6 7;K 10

)% vGc :

)%K 4$5)6 $

¯E SGg ?G?HI X 4F 5+$ , JI 4D)EK G; +% hU ,}8U t3r ]cEJ 7$

%T G ^

>O )% 7

3.10

@8 t 3 ,

5+$ , JI )%K 4$5)6 hU 3 ,D)E$ +% 4d+ G?HI X 4F 7$ 4;G ¬y %G ¢? 7K |H ¿)E$

−3.39

%G~ <= N:R [E3 2.60

D)E$

@8

hG2E)_

Z )% ]cEJ BER3 J3) )% |$

j}D LG/ @8 G)% ?HI NR , 2013

L5E 1G;:R3 Z

)% |$ BER U3 , 2015

X bµ 7$ j}D [K² X [8 hU G)^g .8 ]E. 4?HI V 1TE hU yl ,G?HI 4?HI V Z

)% |$ BER yl R%i ,vG^J?

,-

3 3$

2010

, G.Gf GGK;E x% GU , ,

?HI3 ,X3 ,AO %6 G¸

Z

UX :

>+~ H ^ ]cE. d , )%

$ 5U 7$ `8 4G\E :

−1

4F 5+ JI )% %3 1GBR

A;B CDE3 G?HI 7$ G?HI X @8

t}~

: G?HI 42). |$ ¦¡6 )% 18BR [ Gl G 42).3 ,%.rl GT

G O Z

BI; G)% 4%Q LG¥.R *l

[.b 9TEl G?HI 7l$Â Z

G8R U

G?HI `%Da 42D 7$ A;B CDE3

4H ^3 ,8.E ]$m3 ,4£T t}~

Z

LGJ;$= 7$ `BE)_3 4 8% *l Z

X QQE 23 o^ Tc_ 1GBR U G?HI Z V o}5E)_ G{R ?H -. yE _3

@8 42D |G:R <= ?6 ,42D 18BE

*E A %3 7$ `BE)} G }D D:Ju |$

LGfa{3 42D 4Gl) @8 D:Ju Z

−2

$ ¢GX3 LGE `%3 V G^.E

[2 \~ ]$ %/6 [.b 3 gG^

42D 7$ G 75 LR Z

−3

3 ,[8yr 1K |G:R ¤3 1K

,[~ÊE3 9ÊE3 ¯$^E LG/ S2 g B %3 ,/.3 [8 6 N;BE 4%5$ GK.R3 , %;?u 7$ 42D VfF3 y ;d.2 G~3 Z

w y 5BGR3 I G.HE yE _3

,8E }?u ´EJ· *e3 ,G?HI X 3U

GJ3;6 |/ LGKfR Z

−4

,4y P [8 PE^$ |?%