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Photonic Crystal Architecture for Room-Temperature

Equilibrium Bose-Einstein Condensation of Exciton Polaritons

By:Jiang, JH (Jiang, Jian-Hua)^{[ 1 ]}; John, S (John, Sajeev)^{[ 1,2 ]}

PHYSICAL REVIEW X Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Article Number: 031025 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031025 Published: AUG 13 2014 View Journal Impact

Abstract

We describe photonic crystal microcavities with very strong light-matter interaction to realize room- temperature, equilibrium, exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). This goal is achieved through a careful balance between strong light trapping in a photonic band gap (PBG) and large exciton density enabled by a multiple quantum-well (QW) structure with a moderate dielectric constant. This approach enables the formation of a long-lived, dense 10 - mu m - 1 - cm- scale cloud of exciton polaritons with vacuum Rabi splitting that is roughly 7% of the bare exciton-recombination energy. We introduce a woodpile photonic crystal made of Cd-0.6 Mg-0.4 Te with a 3D PBG of 9.2% (gap-to- central-frequency ratio) that strongly focuses a planar guided optical field on CdTe QWs in the cavity.

For 3-nm QWs with 5-nm barrier width, the exciton-photon coupling can be as large as (h) over bar Omega = 55 meV (i.e., a vacuum Rabi splitting of 2 (h) over bar Omega = 110 meV). The exciton- recombination energy of 1.65 eV corresponds to an optical wavelength of 750 nm. For N = 106 QWs embedded in the cavity, the collective exciton-photon coupling per QW ((h) over bar Omega/root N = 5.4 meV) is much larger than the state-of-the-art value of 3.3 meV, for the CdTe Fabry-Perot microcavity. The maximum BEC temperature is limited by the depth of the dispersion minimum for the lower polariton branch, over which the polariton has a small effective mass of approximately 10(-5)m(0), where m(0) is the electron mass in vacuum. By detuning the bare exciton-recombination energy above the planar guided optical mode, a larger dispersion depth is achieved, enabling room-temperature BEC.

The BEC transition temperature ranges as high as 500 K when the polariton density per QW is increased to (11a(B))(-2), where a(B) similar or equal to 3.5 nm is the exciton Bohr radius and the exciton-cavity detuning is increased to 30 meV. A high-quality PBG can suppress exciton radiative decay and enhance the polariton lifetime to beyond 150 ps at room temperature, sufficient for thermal equilibrium BEC.

Keywords

KeyWords Plus:CDTE/CDMGTE QUANTUM-WELLS; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY;

EMISSION; CDTE; ELECTRON; LIGHT; LASER; RECOMBINATION; INVERSION; BEHAVIOR

Author Information

Reprint Address: Jiang, JH (reprint author)

Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada.

Addresses:

[ 1 ] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada [ 2 ] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Phys, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Funding

Funding Agency Grant Number

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

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Lin, Mi. Star-type polarizer with equal- power splitting function for each polarization based on polarization- dependent defects in twod-imensional photonic-crystal waveguides . OPTICS EXPRESS, OCT 17 2016.

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United States Department of Energy DE-FG02-10ER46754

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Publisher

AMER PHYSICAL SOC, ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA

Categories / Classification

Research Areas: Physics

Web of Science Categories: Physics, Multidisciplinary

Document Information

Document Type: Article Language: English

Accession Number: WOS:000341113800001 ISSN: 2160-3308

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Table of Contents: Current Contents Connect Impact Factor: Journal Citation Reports

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IDS Number: AO1ZJ

Cited References in Web of Science Core Collection: 77 Times Cited in Web of Science Core Collection: 9

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