In the early to mid-20th century, the Province emerged as the virtual commercial capital of the Arabian Peninsula. The Eastern Province, with more than 33% of the total area of Saudi Arabia, is the largest province in the Kingdom.
Al-Hasa
Jubail
Ras Tanura
Dhahran
Al-Khobar
Qatif
Khafji
Dynamic Economy
The GCC members have already decided that Saudi Arabia will host the central bank. As in other GCC countries, the social well-being of people in Saudi Arabia shows significant improvement.
The Kingdom’s Imports (CIF) by main components
Furthermore, more than a quarter of imports in 2008 were of machinery, appliances and equipment, while these items increased by 17.6% compared to the previous year. The current account of Saudi Arabia's trade balance also shows impressively positive balances with an accelerating growth rate since the late 1990s. The last negative balance was in 1998, when oil prices fell to their lowest level in real terms over the past three decades ($12 per barrel).
Trade Balance in Saudi Arabia
The cost of producing oil, gas and thermal electricity in the Eastern Province is among the lowest in the world.
Energy Industry
With more than twenty percent of the world's proven oil reserves and the lowest production costs, Saudi Arabia is likely to remain the world's most important oil exporter for the foreseeable future. The Eastern Province has more than 36% of the Middle East's oil reserves, which collectively hold more than 55% of the world's total oil reserves. Saudi Arabia is one of the main members of OPEC2 and is playing an important role in the world's energy supply, or more specifically oil supply.
Saudi Arabia Canada Iran Iraq Kuwait Venezuela Russia Libya Nigeria Rest of the World Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia alone produced nearly 28% of OPEC's output, 40% of the Middle East's output, and nearly 13% of the world's total output.
OPEC Crude Production 1
Natural Gas
The backbone of the non-associated gas exploration strategy relies on foreign consortia seeking gas ashore in the Rub al-Khali, which officials hope will produce about 2 BCF/d by 2011. In January 2004, Russian Lukoil won a tender to explore and produce unassociated natural gas in the Saudi Empty Quarter in Block A (29,000 square kilometers), near Ghawar, as part of an 80/20 joint venture with Saudi Aramco known as Luksar. Another large non-associated offshore natural gas field, Dorra (Durra), is located offshore near the Khafji oil field in the Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral zone.
All gas fields are located approximately in the range of 125-200 km northeast of Dhahran [39]. To feed the expanded gas processing facilities, several additions to MGS are in the planning or construction stages.
Electricity
The main features of a typical reform program - around the world - are often described by: the functional decomposition of the industry structure into competitive segments and monopolies;. Saudi Arabia is also taking steps to interconnect its power grids with other Arab countries to take advantage of changes in peak demand and electricity trade. In September 2006, the Saudi Electricity Company and the Egyptian Electric Holding Company signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a $2.6 million feasibility study of the proposed interconnection of the two largest power generators in the Middle East.
The networks of the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are planned to be integrated by 2010.
Electricity Generation Installed Capacity in Middle East 2006
The combined production capacity of the four projects will produce around 7,000 MW of power and 600 million liters of water daily. They will increase the total desalination capacity of the kingdom by 80 percent when it comes online between 2009 and 2010 [6]. The project was awarded in November 2006 to the Saudi Water and Electricity Company (WEC), which selected a consortium consisting of the local ACWA Power Projects, Japan's Mitsubishi Corporation and Kuwait's Gulf Investment Corporation, to execute the BOT contract to supply consumers in Jizan, Asir and Abha.
Currently, about 10 percent of the Kingdom's population does not have access to the national energy grid. In 2008, investment in transmission and power plants reached $2.7 billion, representing 26 percent of total investment in electricity projects ($10.2 billion).
Political Stability
Due to the genuine commitments of the government, the Eastern Province has been transformed over the years into a secure hub of economic activity.
Governance
They are regarded as the fundamental guidelines for Saudi Arabia's system of governance and regulation. It consists of the King who is the Prime Minister, the Crown Prince who is the Deputy Prime Minister, the Second Deputy Prime Minister and ministers. According to statutes announced in September 1993 by the then Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Fahd, the council is responsible for formulating and overseeing the implementation of the internal, external, financial, economic, education and defense policies and general affairs of the state.
One of the fundamental purposes of building the Kingdom's infrastructure and development. They are intended to eliminate existing imbalances, improve the standard of living and quality of life of the population, encourage citizen participation in community development activities, and provide remedial care and assistance for the disabled and disadvantaged.
Strategies & Decisions
The Saudi Riyal is one of the most stable currencies in the world and offers great competitive advantages in the region. Saudi Arabia ranks 13th out of 183 countries in the world and 1st in the Middle East according to the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index for the year 2010. The Kingdom currently ranks 7th in the world in terms of tax liabilities and 1st in property registration costs, according to the Ease of Doing Business Performance Reports for 2010 released by the World Bank.
These Saudi banks are listed among the 1,000 largest banks in the world, according to the Top 1,000 World Banks 2007 report by the Financial Times. The Saudi Investment Bank is among the top 25 in the world for the best return on assets.
Safety and Security
2007, noted all the above points by giving the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia the first rank globally in terms of overall economic environment rating (i.e. environmental capacity for project management and financing). However, in addition to the Kingdom's strong economic climate for investment, one of the country's strongest advantages and incentives for foreign investment is its people. The majority of Saudi Arabia's population is young, with 45% of the country under the age of 15.
Recognizing this as the country's greatest potential asset, the government has spent billions of dollars to actively improve the human resource development pattern to better ensure that the economic boom that will continue in Saudi Arabia in the near future. Investing in such industries not only allows Saudi Arabia to add more value from its energy resources, but also helps the country better diversify its economy.
Petrochemical
Total Production by Business (‘000 tons)
Most of the branches in Saudi Arabia are based in the industrial city of Jubail, Dammam and Yanbu. The petrochemical industry produces a wide range of products and links the petroleum industry to countless manufacturing industries at the end of the production chain. Basic Chemicals, SABIC's largest strategic business unit (SBU), accounts for approximately 42% of the company's total production.
Made from hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, propane and butane, they are the basis of petrochemical production and essential to the production of a wide range of industrial and consumer goods. Olefins include the ethylene, propylene, butadiene and butene-1 product lines, which are mostly used in other downstream SABIC facilities.
Intermediates
Polymers
Fertilizers
Steel
Cement
Cement Production and Domestic Sales (‘000 tons)
Water
Available Water resources in Saudi Arabia in 2003-2004
Surface resources and renewable aquifers are concentrated in the west and southwest, where there is more rainfall. Saudi Arabia is the world's largest producer of desalinated water, with desalination meeting 70% of the country's current drinking water needs and supplying major urban and industrial centers through a network of water pipes that run over 2,300 miles. Desalinated water predominates along the coasts, surface water in the southwestern region, groundwater elsewhere.
However, the capital Riyadh is largely supplied with desalinated water that is pumped from the Gulf over a distance of 467 km to the city in the heart of the country. The Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC), responsible for supplying 50% of all municipal water in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, made the initial decision to invest heavily in desalination against a backdrop of chronic water shortage and rising population.
Annual Production of Desalinated Water
Shoaiba Desalination Plant, Saudi Arabia
As part of the overall development at Shoaiba, an oil-fired power station, equipped with turbines, heat recovery steam generators and additional power generation equipment, was constructed adjacent to the desalination plant. The power plant forms part of an integrated operation, providing the desalination facility with steam to heat its seawater stills, while reducing its own cooling requirements.
Multi-Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) Desalination Process
Thus, multi-stage distillation uses a series of stages set at progressively lower atmospheric pressures, allowing the feed water to pass from one to the next, flashing repeatedly, without adding more heat. However, there are limits to the number of stages as one of the main factors affecting the thermal efficiency of MSF plants is the temperature difference between the brine heater and the final condenser at the cold end of the plant. At Shoaiba, these issues have largely been addressed by matching MSF performance to the plant's optimum power and steam cycles, along with the use of corrosion-resistant coatings and alloys.
Brine heater condensate used horizontal centrifugal pumps, while horizontal double suction types were specified for the distillate. The produced water is subsequently re-mineralized to make it palatable and stored in tanks before being delivered through the plant's new pumping station and water network.
Contractors & Suppliers
1] WB, “World Development Indicators (WDI) Database,” World Bank (WB), Accessed February 2010 from http://econ.worldbank.org. 3] MEP, Long-Term Strategy of the Saudi Economy: Ministry of Economy and Planning (MEP), accessed February 2010 from http://www.mep.gov.sa. 12] BP, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy”, British Petroleum 2008, accessed February 2010 from http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview.
13] EIA-DOE, "World Proved Crude Oil Reserves and Resources", Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, VS, geraadpleegd in februari 2010 via http://www.eia. 14] EIA-DOE, "Country Analysis Brief: Saudi Arabia", Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, VS, geraadpleegd in februari 2010 via http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/.
16] EIA-DOE, 2006, "World Electricity Installed Capacity by Type," Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, USA, tilgået marts 2010 fra http://www. 25] EIA-DOE, "International Petroleum (Oil) Prices and Crude Oil Import Costs": Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, USA, tilgået marts 2010 fra http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/oilprice.html. 26] EIA-DOE, "World Proved Natural Gas Reserves": Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, USA, tilgået marts 2010 fra http://www.eia.doe.gov/.
31] SAGIA, "Why Saudi Arabia?" Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA), accessed March 2010 from http://www.sagia.gov.sa/en/Why-Saudi-Arabia/. Little Wins Contract -To Advise on Restructuring of Saudi Arabian Electricity Sector,” FindArticles, accessed March 2010 from http://findarticles.
