Conclusion

6. (Re) thinking QMS through the Heideggerian lens of temporality

7. Conclusion

This chapter has argued that QMS is a set of intricate and interacting elements that are fun- damental­to­higher­education.­It­is­the­authors’­view­that­while­QMS­plays­a­vital­role­in­

improving­the­performance­of­higher­education­it­can­also­serve­as­a­management­tool­by­the­

government,­funding­bodies,­and­higher­education­institutions,­to­engender­a­controlled,­and­

an­unquestioning­environment.­This­paper­attempted­to­show,­using­Foucault’s­perspective,­

that­as­a­form­of­control,­QMS­can­be­regarded­as­a­tool­geared­towards­the­creation­of­docile bodies,­that­is,­like­the­prison­system,­QMS­requires­unquestioning­compliance,­which­can­be­

attributed­to­docility.­The­building­platform­of­this­study­drew­on­the­work­of­Heidegger­to­

Heidegger and Althusser on Quality Management Systems in Open and Distance Learning http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72914 57

argue­that­ODL­practitioners­are­always­in­the­state­of­Being and Becoming.­That­is,­they­are­

in­a­temporal­mode­of­being.­This­work­showed­that­ODL­practitioners­are­‘thrown’­into­

the­world­and­that­their­Being-in-the-world­aligns­with­Heidegger’s­lens­of­‘thrownness’.­In­

this regard, Heidegger’s notion of Being and Becoming projects hidden ontical and ontological dimensions­of­QMS.

Drawing­on­Althusser’s­Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses the authors suggested that QMS­can­be­regarded­as­a­carrier­of­ideology­in­that­it­functions­to­constitute­the­individu- als­as­subjects,­and­of­interpellating­ODL­practitioners.­It­was­noted­that­the­rise­of­QMS­in­

higher­education­is­the­product­of­market­ideologies­of­the­1980s­and­the­managerialism­

that­accompanied­it.­However,­the­authors­suggested­that­Heidegger’s­model­of­temporal- ity­can­be­regarded­as­an­alternative­view­of­how­the­temporality­makes­meaningful­expe- rience­possible.­This­paper­called­for­a­re-imagination­of­QMS­using­both­Heidegger­and­

Foucault,­given­that­QMS’­attributes­are­complex,­inextricable­entanglement.­Finally,­it­was­

argued that the model of temporality has the potential to guide and inform the interpretation of­ODL­practitioners’­experience­of­the­world,­drawing­on­what­Heidegger­calls­existential temporality.

Author details

Victor­J.­Pitsoe¹*­and­Moeketsi­Letseka²

*Address­all­correspondence­to:­Pitsovj@unisa.ac.za

1­Department­of­Leadership­and­Management,­College­of­Education,­University­of­South­Africa,­

South­Africa

2­Department­of­Educational­Foundations,­College­of­Education,­University­of­South­Africa,­

South­Africa

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Chapter 4

TQM Is Alive but Not as We Know It: The Use of a