Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites †
5. Conclusions
(b) (c)
Figure 14.Test T2. July 14, at 00:00. (a) Model wind fields (b) Surface current field from; (c) Oil slicks.
Legends as in Figure9.
Author Contributions:Conceptualization, M.M. and F.D.S.; formal analysis, E.A. and D.D.P.; writing—Original draft preparation, F.D.S., D.D.P.; writing—Review and editing, F.D.S., D.D.P., E.A., M.B.M. and M.M.
Funding:The monitoring station examined in the present research was settled in the frame of the Italian Flagship Project RITMARE (chief scientist Michele Mossa of the research unit of the CoNISMa–Polytechnic University of Bari-Italy) and with funds from PON R&C 2007-13 Project.
Conflicts of Interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
1. Armenio, E.; Ben Meftah, M.; De Padova, D.; De Serio, F.; Mossa, M. Monitoring System in Mar Grande Basin (Ionian Sea). In Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea), Bari, Italy, 8–10 October 2018; pp. 104–109. [CrossRef]
2. Armenio, E.; Ben Meftah, M.; Bruno, M.F.; De Padova, D.; De Pascalis, F.; De Serio, F.; di Bernardino, A.;
Mossa, M.; Leuzzi, G.; Monti, P. Semi enclosed basin monitoring and analysis of meteo, wave, tide and current data. In Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy, and Structural Monitoring, Bari, Italy, 13–14 June 2016. [CrossRef]
3. Armenio, E.; De Serio, F.; Mossa, M.; De Padova, D. Monitoring system for the sea: Analysis of meteo, wave and current data. In Proceedings of the IMEKO TC19 Workshop on Metrology for the Sea, MetroSea, Naples, Italy, 11–13 October 2017; pp. 143–148.
4. Armenio, E.; De Serio, F.; Mossa, M. Analysis of data characterizing tide and current fluxes in coastal basins.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.2017,21, 3441–3454. [CrossRef]
5. De Serio, F.; Mossa, M. Environmental monitoring in the Mar Grande basin (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy).
Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.2016,23, 12662–12674. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
6. Mossa, M. Field measurements and monitoring of wastewater discharge in sea water.Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.
2006,68, 509–514. [CrossRef]
7. De Carolis, G.; Adamo, M.; Pasquariello, G.; De Padova, D.; Mossa, M. Quantitative characterization of marine oil slick by satellite near-infrared imagery and oil drift modelling: The Fun Shai Hai case study.Int. J.
Remote Sens.2013,34, 1838–1854. [CrossRef]
8. Fay, J.A.The Spread of Oil Slicks on a Calm Sea; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 1969; pp. 53–63.
9. Huang, J.C.; Monastery, F.C. Review of the State of the Art of Oil Spill Simulation Models. Available online:
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10013314715/(accessed on 30 March 2019).
10. Huang, J.C. A review of the state of the art of oil spill fate/behavior models. In Proceedings of the International Oil Spill Conference, San Antonio, TX, USA, 28 February–3 March 1983; pp. 313–322.
11. Beegle-Krause, J. General NOAA oil modeling environment (GNOME): A new spill trajectory model.Int. Oil Spill Conf. Proc.2001,2001, 865–871. [CrossRef]
12. De Dominicis, M.; Pinardi, N.; Zodiatis, G.; Lardner, R. MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine oil spill model for short-term forecasting—Part I: Theory.Geosci. Model Dev.2013,6, 1851–1869. [CrossRef]
13. Sven, A.; Uiboupin, R.; Verjovkina, S.; Raudsepp, U. SAR imagery and Seatrack Web as decision making tools for illegal oil spill combating—A case study. In Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/OES Baltic International Symposium (BALTIC), Riga, Latvia, 24–27 August 2010; pp. 1–6.
14. Daniel, P. Operational forecasting of oil spill drift at Météo-France.Spill Sci. Technol. Bull.1996,3, 53–64. [CrossRef]
15. Korotenko, K.A.; Bowman, M.J.; Dietrich, D.E. Modeling of the circulation and transport of oil spills in the Black Sea.Oceanology2003,43, 367–378.
16. Reed, M.; Gundlach, E. A Coastal Zone Oil Spill Model: Development and Sensitivity Studies.Oil Chem. Pollut.
1989,5, 411–449. [CrossRef]
17. Perivoliotis, L.; Nittis, K.; Charissi, A. An integrated servicefor oil spill detection and forecasting in the marine environment. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on EuroGOOS, Brest, France, 6–9 June 2005; pp. 381–387.
18. MIKE 3 Flow Model: Hydrodynamic Module—Scientific Documentation. DHI Software. Available online:
https://www.google.com.tw/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=2ahUKEwjQqYKhlq nhAhXJKqYKHa4yAkMQFjABegQIBRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmanuals.mikepoweredbydhi.help%2F 2017%2FCoast_and_Sea%2FMIKE3HD_Scientific_Doc.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0pxx_Ab_XdVAv7oPyUsvVY (accessed on 30 March 2019).
19. Elhakeem, A.; Elshorbagy, W.; Chebbi, R. Oil Spill Simulation and Validation in the Arabian Gulf with Special Reference to the UAE Coast.Water Air Soil Pollut.2007,184, 243–254. [CrossRef]
20. Kankara, R.S.; Subramanian, B.R. Oil Spill Sensitivity Analysis and Risk Assessment for Gulf of Kachchh, India, using Integrated.Modeling J. Coast. Res.2007,23, 1251–1258. [CrossRef]
21. Vethamony, P.; Sudheesh, K.; Babu, M.T.; Jayakumar, S.; Manimurali, R.; Saran, A.K.; Sharma, L.H.; Rajanb, B.;
Srivastavab, M. Trajectory of an oil spill off Goa, eastern Arabian Sea: Field observations and Simulations.
Environ. Pollut.2007,148, 438–444. [CrossRef]
22. Elshorbagy, W.; Elhakeem, A. Risk assessment maps of oil spill for major desalination plants in the United Arab Emirates.Desalination2008,228, 200–216. [CrossRef]
23. Verma, P.; Wate, S.R.; Devotta, S. Simulation of impact of oil spill in the ocean-a case study of Arabian Gulf.
Environ.Monit. Assess.2008,146, 191–201. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
24. Lonˇcar, G.; Beg Paklar, G.; Janekovic, I. Numerical Modelling of Oil Spills in the Area of Kvarner and Rijeka Bay (The Northern Adriatic Sea).J. Appl. Math.2012,2012, 497936. [CrossRef]
25. Lonˇcar, G.; Leder, N.; Paladin, M. Numerical modelling of an oil spill in the northern Adriatic.Oceanologia 2012,54, 143–173. [CrossRef]
26. De Padova, D.; Mossa, M.; Adamo, M.; De Carolis, G.; Pasquariello, G. Synergistic use of an oil drift model and remote sensing observations for oil spill monitoring. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.2017,24, 5530–5543.
[CrossRef]
27. Christiansen, B.M. 3D Oil Drift and Fate Forecasts at DMI. Available online:www.fargisinfo.com/referanse r/LinkedDocuments/D050.pdf(accessed on 30 March 2019).
28. De Padova, D.; De Serio, F.; Mossa, M.; Armenio, E. Investigation of the current circulation offshore Taranto by using field measurements and numerical model. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), Turin, Italy, 22–25 May 2017. [CrossRef]
29. De Serio, F.; Mossa, M. Analysis of mean velocity and turbulence measurements with ADCPs.
Adv. Water Resour.2015,81, 172–185. [CrossRef]
30. De Serio, F.; Mossa, M. Meteo and Hydrodynamic Measurements to Detect Physical Processes in Confined Shallow Seas.Sensors2018,18, 280. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
31. Rodi, W. Examples of calculation methods for flow and mixing in stratified fluids.J. Geophys. Res. Ocean.
1987,92, 5305–5328. [CrossRef]
32. Galperin, B.; Orszag, S.A.Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows; Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1993; pp. 3–36.
33. Wilmott, C.J. On the validation of models.Phys. Geogr.1981,2, 184–194. [CrossRef]
34. Stolzenbach, K.D.; Madsen, E.E.; Adams, A.; Pollack, A.; Cooper, C. A Review and Evaluation of Basic Technique for Predicting the Behavior of Surface Oil Slicks. Available online:https://repository.library.noa a.gov/view/noaa/9623/noaa_9623_DS1.pdf(accessed on 30 March 2019).
35. Audunson, T. The fate and weathering of surface oil from the Bravo blow out.Mar. Environ. Res.1980,3, 35–61. [CrossRef]
36. Reed, M.; Turned, C.; Odulo, A. The Role of Wind and Emulsification in Modelling Oil Spill and Surface Drifter Trajectories.Spill Sci. Technol. Bull.1994,1, 143–157. [CrossRef]
37. Spaulding, M.; Kolluru, V.; Anderson, E.; Howlett, E. Application of three-dimensional oil spill model (WOSM/OILMAP) to hindcast the Braer spill.Spill Sci. Technol. Bull.1994,1, 23–35. [CrossRef]
38. Parenzan, P. Il Mar Piccolo e il Mar Grande di Taranto.Thalass. Salentina1969,3, 19–34.
39. Parenzan, P.Puglia Marittima; Congedo Editore: Galatina, Lecce, Italy, 1983.
40. Matarrese, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Maiorano, P.; Tursi, A. Mapping of the benthic communities in the Taranto seas using side-scan sonar and an underwater video camera.Chem. Ecol.2004,20, 377–386. [CrossRef]
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
sensors
Article