JOURNAL 111-.SCIIiNCIiOI'HNUl-.
: i l l 2 . Vol 57, Nn. 10. pp. 94-l()h
NCIIIKN ( 1 1 ' DA DANti .SINH ll()( ( AC LOAI CAY TIIUOC
CIIA NcirtJi i)\N r o c HAIINAK XA K K O O N G ,\ i M ; DKM v w i N QUOC C I A K O N KA K I M I . U N I I (JIA I,AI
Nguyen I In 'lliu Ha
Tnlilltg Can ddn;.: Su pttintt Ciio Lot l-.-iiuul hiiluniisiyfiw'i'iii.iil.com
Tom llii. I .p Ihuoc Mtiiii vmi^ dcni VifiJiiquoc gia Kon K.i Kmh IVQC KKKlco vm 111) t]li!iil irpiig liimi: difi siiti^ ciia ngUdi d.in loc Uahnar. \.i Kroong. Trong sd ngUili hcnh ii.iihicii ciiu cii SS.y}! i.hi MI dung ciiy lhu6c khi hi benh. Co Irlng so 102 loiu iliiiiiL 95 chl. ."^4 ho. .17 bo. 5 Idp. .1 nganh IhUc vat dupc khai Ihuc. sU dung de liini lhu6c chifa In 11 nhdm bcnli khuc nhau. ehiem 4.4y/c long so h.ic laxon thuc vill liim lliuiic liiing Cli nuiic. Oa sii cii)' Ihuoc cii lh,in lh,in UX toai, 47.1l6'"r l. Ming il nuii liifiing rifng 1.5.5 loin. 5.'l.yiV, 1. 4 loiii bi de doa iu>cl chung ll:N). 2 loiti se hi dc don luycl nliung IVUI. y7.nfi'i ciic lo,ii cay IhuiSc chUa dUilc nhan imng. chi khai Ihiic lil IU nhicn. Bopliiin khai Ihiic chu yeu la re. cu 144 lo,ii. 4.'i. I4'f Jhoacca ciiy 12.1 loiii. 22.55Vf | lii ugiiycri nhim l.im cm kiel liu ngu\cn ihicn nhuin iTN TN).
suy giiini da daug sinh hoc VQG KKK - Di s,in Ihien nhiC-n A.Sl-.A.N ciia Viet Nam.
Ti'r Ji:/ifii7.- Da dang smh hpc. c;iy Ihuoc. diln Inc Bahnar, \ unsi dem. vudn qudc gia Kon Ka Kmh.
1. Mcl dau
Kroong lil xa dac bicl khd khiln thupc \ ung dem VQG KKK. tinh Gia I.ai vdi 98%
dan s6 lil dong bao dan tpc (DliD T) Bahnar. TrUdc sU ngiin cich vi dia ly, khd khan ve kinh tc. rao ciin vd \ an hoa, ngUdi liahnar dii lim den ciic loiii cay cd de chfla Iri cae loai benh thudng gap trong cupc song hang ngiiy. hinh thiinh nen vdn kien thdc Iruyen thdng vc cay thudc Irong cpng ddng. Nghien cdu nin dupc liC-n hanh nhSm lap danh muc Ihanh phan loiii cay thudc, diinh gia tinh da dang sinh hpc, xac dinh vai trd cua chung trong diii sdng DHD T Bahnar.
2. Noi dung nghien ciiu 2,1, Phutdng phap nghien ctiu
* Phttdngpitdp ddnh gid nhanh nong thon co su tham gia cda ngttdi ddn [II
94
Nghien cifu da dang .sinh hoi ede laid eay think t lia ngifdi diln id< liahnar xd Krotmg...
Tac giti da phong van 126 ngifdi dan kbac nhau vc irnih iM). nghe nghiep, gidi tinh dc bicl each Ihiic ho lUa chon phifdng phap chifa li'j khi bj benh, yeu cfiu ho gidi ihicu cac chuyen gia ban dia \'c cay ihudc cd ti dia phifdng, 'lYong sd 10 chuyen gia ban dia. ngifdi gidl tbicu nhicu nhal da duoc Iifa chon dc phdng ^ an \i: ihanh phan loiii ciiy ihudc. phifrtng phap kbai ihac, cbc bicn, liic dung chifa benh. iac gia cung iicn hanh liip danh muc cay Ihudc tbeo van abc (ticng dan ldc) dc lien himh ihu miiu.
* Thu thdp vd pban tich mdu
Tac giii ciing cac cbuyen yia bun dia dii Ihu ihap 379 mau vai vao 5 diii Ihifc dia {ibang 10/2010: thang 3. 10/2011: ihting 3, 3/2012) sau dd xii ly va biio quiin mau vat ihu difdc ihco phUiing phap ciia Ni!ii\i:n Nghia Thin | 2 | ,
Phifdng phiip nghien ciJu difdc sif dung Hi pbuiing jibap hinh Ihai so sanh. phiin loai difa \ao Clic khda djnh loai. cac ban mo la trong cac lai lieu |3-9] dc dinh danh cac loin ca)' Ihuoc. sap xep cac bp. ho. chi. loai Ihco iJrumniill [ 1{)|.
"' Ddnh gid tinh da dgng ngudn tdi nguyen cdy tluwc
Cac chl lieu da dang nguon tai nguyen cay ibudc dUtic danh gia Ibco phUdng phap cua Nguyen Nghia Thin [111. Danh gia mii'c do nguy cap difa vao Sach Do Vicl Nam 112].
2.2. Ket qua n g h i e n ciru
2.2.1. Da dang loai cay thuoc dong bao dan tuc Bahnar xa Kroong kbai thac va siif dung
Thanh pban loai cay thudc ciia ngifdi dan ldc Bahnar xa Kroong da difdc tbu thap va phan loai gom 102 loai thuoc 95 chi. 54 bo. 37 bp, 5 ldp, 3 nganh thifc vat kbac nbau (Bang 1).
Bdng 1. Thdnh phdn lodi vd ddc dicm da dgng cdy thudc cua ddn tf~>e Bahnar xd Kroong
SitI (I)
HI
(1) 1| 2 | (2) 2
Taxon 'Icn khoa hoc POI.M'OniOPnYTA
i'niyporiiopsida I'OI.VI'ODlfVl.ES
I*i)hp(idi;ict;ae IhuHtnul.irnmci iKuiil/ l-.x MclllSmilh
I'lKltlDAlJiS I'tcri (latere Pu-n^ cnMlonni.s IJiirni,
1
Icn Vict Nam Nuiuih DiTfdis
\i l,i'(|j Ditrtiig \i
llfl Uir((n(; \i Ilo Rang Col hll uui ii<"i d l SCO ga Eld C " si^o ga Rang Sen ga hinh gulim
Ko phun sir tiling
Re
Ci^ ca)' VAC dung ihii"a hcnh
Cum mau.
bo dian
Dau lung Dang song
Cay Ihao
Ca\
Ihat)
Moi Iririing song
Rirng
Rung
95
Nguyen Thj'I'bu Ha
iiii
l.'l 7.1)"
I
mil
"|4i"
( 4 ) "
•1
I I I ( I M
151 5
fi
7
«
9
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161
10
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m
I I (81 12 181 (H) 13 IKI
I'lNtilMlVfA ('vi'a(h>p.si(lii C V C A I u T l S C'vciiilacciii;
('\i (M iiiitinilil:ii Dyer (iiU'l(l|).Sl(lu CNiciVU^KS (•n(;lai.'cii<;
(Int'ltiiii luD/iiiiiiiiin Maikci M , « ; N ( ) l l 0 1 ' i n T A
M:il>iiiili<i|)siilii .\SIMiAI,I';S
AsttTiKt'iu' Av„,l„„t,,i,n:,::,lnL.
, l , ; , ™ „ „ M « t o . M l . . CliKiiiniliifiiiitiiltiiitia ( L I R Kills: cl II Rub.
HiliiHii jiriiMnitt' ll. 1 llassk (ixitiini (rvi>ltlniitlt'\
Benlh.
CAMI>AN11I.AI,E.S Canipunulaccac Ctiiitiitt>p.ils javtinit a
(Ulumcllliiok.f, CARYOPIIYI.LALKS
Nyctai;inacL>iic' PIMIIIIII tlLlllflllC 1,.
Piirtulacaceac Tiilliuim i rii\Ml(illtim
Wind.
CONVOLVULAI.ES Cnnvolvulalcs Ipcmoen cairica (L.i
Sweet CORNALES
Nuiiiili 'I'lionjl l.ii|l l i i f
Hll Hii;
l l n ' m i l Tue Ili xd Li'lpOay ( l a m
Kl) I>a.v Kani
• 111 Day nam Gilni nui Nuuiili Mnc
lan l,i'l[> .Mnclan
tin Cue lln Ciie ("in litn Njiiii eiju
Co kl.) Nho nol Run tiiu bay
Bn Hua cliuunfi Iin Una cIlunnK SUni leo B6 Com ehif6ng lln Iloa giay
Bi .Min nhon Hn Kau sam
Th6 .s2iii Bo Khoai lang Ho Khoai lang Bim dep Bo Thil dil
lllilU
Ci.eSy
l.ii. ngon Canh. la
L a Cli eay
L a
R e
NhUa
C u
C a c a y
Tllliue ho, liianli nlnel
S;MI li,ui,7m
Rong huyel sau smh Kinh nguyet
khong ddu Cam mau Sol cao Ran. rel can
I'll-u hoa.
bo, ho man
Vicm phoi
Thuoc bo
Phil Ihung l a y
bui
D.iy leo
CHy bui Ca>
ihiio Cay than Cay ihao Ciiy ihao
Day leo
Ca>
go Cay thao
Cay bui
Ri(ng
Kting
Ven rifng Vildn, nifdng
rly Ven dilflng Vudn. nifOng
ray Ni/dng r^,
ven suoi
Ni/ong ray.
Ven rirng
Venr&ng
NiKJng ray ;
,; ,
Trang bui 1
J
96
Nghien cffu da clang sinh hgc cdc lodi cdy thudc tua ngUifi cldn ldc Bahnttr xd Krotmg ..
(10) 14 15 (11)
16 IU>1 (12) 17
nn
(13) I S(14) 19
20 [12]
(15) 21
22
23 [13]
(16) 24 25 26 (17)
27 28
Apiaccac Eryngiiiiu fociidiim 1,.
CeiUella asialica (L.) Urb.
Araliaceac Trevfsia pcilmale (Roxb.
ex Lindl,) Visan DIPSACALES Caprifoliaceac Ltmicera macranllui (D.
Don) Spreng.
EBENALES Sapotaceae Chl y.soplivlllllll cainilo
L Symplocaccac Symplocus uniwinensix
Noot.
Symplocas laurina (Retz.) Wall.
EUPHORBIALES Euphorbiaceae BivMtui friiiitosa (L,)
Hook.f.
Ftueggea virosa {Roxb, exWilld,)Baill, Sauropus iindrogvnus
(L.) Merr, FABALES Cacsalpiniaceae Caesalpinia miinosoides
Lamk.
Cassia alata L.
Cassia tora L.
Fabaceae Aeschynomene indica L.
Dunbaria poducarpa Kurz
Ho Hoa tan Miii luu Rau ma Ho Nhan sam
Du dii rirng Bo TXic doan Ho Kim ngan Kim ngan hoa
to Bo Thi Ho Hong xiem
Vu su'a Ho Dung Dung Irung bo
Dung la tra Bo Thau dau Ho TJiau dau Bo cu ve
No qua Iring
Bo ngot Bo Dau Ho Vang Moc meo Muong trau Thao quygt minh Ho Dau Diln dien .
hUdng Dau ma
Cacay Ca than
LJ
Hoa. Ia
Rl. la
V o . r l
Re, vo
Rl, la
Canh la
Re
R l La La, qua
Ca cay Cacay
ROIloan iicii hoa Cam mau
Phu ni^ sau khi sinh
Thanh nhiet, giai
doc
Da day
Vet ihiJclng, don nga Tan mau blm, la chay
Tan mau bam Trj v6t IhUdng nhiem triing
Dudng tilt nieu
Dau lUng Tao bon Giai nhiet
Dirdng tiet nieu, da day
Thuoc bo Cay thao Cay thiio Cay ihao
Day leo
Cay go
cay
Cay bui
Cay bui Cay bui Cay bui
Cay bui Cay Cay thao Cay thao Day leo
Ven suoi NUrtng ray
Rirng
Ven rirng, trang bui
Vudn
Rirng
Rirng
Trang bui
Triing bui
Trang bui
Trang bui Trang bui, nUdng rly Dudng lang
Vudn, nUdng riy Rirng, trang
bui
NguySn Thi T h l l Mil
29 30 31 (IS)
32 1141 (19t 13
^\
35 36
37 (2(1)
3S (21)
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 [15]
(22) 46
luu'hie.sliilior.sticldli ll.c.sdi.)Benn.
Iiuligoli-Ki do\tia liueh, - l l a n i . e x D , D.)n Piu'itirid niiitiliiiKi (l-oiir) Men Mimo-saceue Miuuisii piidiKi i.
CF.NTIANAI.ES ApiicvnatLUC KihiiKiliti liinriliilifi
(KiJl )Woi>dM)ii I'linimfiiii liU'vigiilti
(Juss.)Moldcnke Rauvollia ciiiubmliiiini
Pierre ex Pit, Sin>phiinlliii.\ caiidalu.s
Kurz.
Tabenuienionlaiui curxmhosa Roxb, ex
Wall Asclepiadaccae Sliepun anion gnjltlui
Hook, f.
Rubiaccac Aidui LOthiULhintnsis
Lour, Born-ria piisilki iWM.)
DC.
IhdiwphMum lonniiciiiiin Jack lu>u,,,Hin,c„L.
Ixura /le/irv/'Lesvl, Morinda tomeniosu
Heyn Moniuta ofjicimiUs How
LAMIALES Lamiaccae Acivcephalus indicus
(Burm.f.) Kuntze
Sdn diiu cdn Cham cua S.in day niii 11(1 Trinh nir
Tiinh nCr Bn Long difm
Ilo Triic dao Than lmh la
que Song liel Bu gUL lii lo
Si/ng irau
Lai Iiau tiin Hf) Thien ly Ha thii 6 Irdng Ho Ca phe
Che riing Rau chien Bi ky nam Mau diln do Trang henry Nhiiu long Ba kich Bo Hoa moi Uo Hoa moi Nhan Iran
Re Kc Vo thiiii
KO
Re. Ihiin Than V6 rc Thiin
La
Kc. .11
Vo C\i c.'i\
Than cii Re Cil CAN
Re Cii
Cacay
Dau bung Don ngii Tri cam
Suy nhUdc iliun kinh
Phu na sau khi sinh Xuong, khdp Huyet iip,
Iri ghe Duu lung VCI IhUdng.
cam mau
Den loc. bit mau
Sot ret Vet IhUdng riiapkhdp.
gan Dai due I Id ra mau Dau lung, nhtic moi Bo duifng
Phu nH sau khi sinh
Cay hui t a y bui Cay bui l a y bui
Cay go Day
leo Cay Ihao Day leo Ci>
bui
Day leo Ca>
bui Cay Ihao Ca\
th.io Ciiy bui Cay bui Ciiy bui Day leo
Cay thao
Rii bui NuOng ray Suoi, Irang bui Vudn. niTtfng
ray
Rirng Rirng Rung. nUdng
ray Trang bui
Rirng^
Rirng. Irang bui
Rimg Ven suoi
Rimg Trang bui
Rirng Venrtog Rirng. niKJng
rly
NUdng liy
98
Nghien cdu da dgng sinh hgc cdc lodi cdy thut)c cua ngUdi ddn ldc Bahnar xa Kroong...
47
48
(23)
49
50
51 [16]
(24) 52 (25)
53 [17]
(26) 54 [18]
(27) 55 [19]
(28) 56 (29) 57 [20]
(30) 58 [21]
(31) 59
60
Elslwllzta winiliana Craib Pogoslemtm parvifloriis
Benth.
Verbenaceae Callicai'pa rubella
Lindl.
Cleivdendnim cyriaphvlliiiii Turcz.
Lamami cainara L, LAURALES Chloranlhaceac Sarcaiulni glabra
(Thunb.) Nakai Hernandiaceae llligeni parviflora Dunn
MAGNOLIALES Annonaceae Melodorum fru li cos uin
Lour.
MALVALES Malvaceae Sida rkombifoUa L.
MYRTALES Lythraceae Ltigerslroeinia cah-culata Kurz
Myrtaceae Psidium guajciva L.
PRIMULALES Myrsinaceae Ardisia maculosa Kurz
RANUNCULALES Menispermaceae Cosciniumjeneslraium (Gaertn.) Colebr.
Cyclea bicristcita (Griff.) Diesl.
Kinh gidi lung irang Hoac hUdng
hoa nho Ho Co rni
ngila 111 hii quii tim
Dili ihanh Ngii sdc Bo Long nao
Ilo Hua soi Soi rirng Ho Lien dang Lien dang hoa
nho Bo Moc lan
H o N a Dii de Irau
Bo Bong Ho Bong Ke hoa vang
Bo Sim Ho Tuf vi Bang lang oi
Ho Sim Oi rirng Bo Tran chau
Ho Ddn nem Tran chau tan Bo Hoang liSn
Ho Tiet de Vang ddng Day sam hai
song
Ca ciiy
Lii
Rl
Lii Rl, lii. hoaLa, rl
Rl
La, hoa, re
Cacay
Vo
La, dot non
Cacay
Than, i'l Than
Cam cum, phong te
ihdp Riin cdn
Benh khdp Phu nit sau khi sinh Vel IhUrtng.
dau xUdng
Ran can
XUdng, gan
Phu nir sau khi sinh
Kiel ly
ia chay
Dau bung
Gay xUdng -
la chay ia chay, s6t
ret Cay thao
cay
ihaoCay go Cay bui C5y bui
Cay bui Day leo
Cay go
Cay bui
Cay g6 Cay g6
jth^o
:-
Dayleo Day leo
Trang bui
Trang bui
Rirng Rirng Trang bin
Rirng am
Trang bui
Rirng, trang bui
Ven dudng
Ritng
Trang bui
TUn rijtng
R^ng Ven suoi
99
Nguy£n Thi Thu Ma
61
| 2 2 | (.32) 62 (231 (33) 63 (24]
(34) 64 (35) 65
66 [25]
(36) 67 68 [26]
(37) 69
(38) 70 [27]
(39) 71 [281 (40) 72 [29]
(41)
Pibraiireci lincioria Lour.
R H A M N A L E S Rhuninuccae '/Jlipluis nviwtdiii iL.)
Mill, ROSALES
Rosaceae /;M/7M,V/IM'('W,rrhuilb,
RUTALES Rutaceac Euotlia nu'luicltilia
(Hancc) Benlh.
Simaroubaccae Uniit'u idvanlia (L.)
Mei r.
Eurycoina Umgijoha W.
Jack.
SAPINDALES Sapindaceae CarJiospernmm luilicaccibiim L, Supimlii\ imiktirinsi
Gacrino S C R O P H U L A R I A L E S
Acanthacvac Aiulrograf^his panicutaia (Burm,f.)
Wall, ex Ness Scrophulariaceae Adenosma cue ru lea
R B r . SOLANALES
Solanaceae Nitotiana labucum L.
T H Y M E L A E A L E S Thymelaeacc Aquilana crassna Pierre ex Lecomte
URTICALES Moraceae
Hodng ddng Bo 1'a« (a Ho Tiio la Tao ritng Bo Hou honji Ho Iloa hong Ngay luyel
Bo Cain Ilo ( a m Ba chac lii xoan Ilo Ihanh that Sau diiu ciil
chuoi Bii benh, mat
nhan Bo Bo hon Ho Bo hon Day lam pht)ng
Bo hon Bi) Iloa inSm
soi Ho O ro Xuyen liim lien Ho Hoa miim
soi Nhan Iran Viet
Nam B o C a H o C a Thuoc la Bo T r a m Ho T r a m Tram hUdng
Bo Gai Ho DSu t a m
Than, r l
R l
Rl
R l
Ca cay
Rc
Ca ciiy Vo cay Qua
Caciiy
C a c a y
La
Than
Dau mill.
,sol rel
Giiii doc
Viem phoi, Ciim sol
Dau da day
Kiel Iy. sol ret Giun san, kiel ly, sol
rel
Phil Ihung.
lc Ihap Tri ghc R Jn ciin
Phu nii sau khi sinh
Phu nit sau khi sinh
Rdn cfin
Dau bung, non miJta
Day leo
Cay bui
(-ay bui
Cay go Ciiy bui Cay bui
Cay thao Ciiy go
Cay bui
Cay thao
Cay thao
Cay go
Ritng am
Rirng, irang bui
Trang bui
Ven rflng
Rirng
Ritng
Trang bui VUcln
Rirng
Rifng
NUdng rSy
Rimg ;
100
Nghiin cifu cia dgng sinh hgc cdc lodi cdy thudc ciia ngUdi ddn Ide Bahnar xd Kroong...
73 74 (42)
75 [30]
(43) 76 (44) 77 (V) (311 (45) 78 79 80 81 [32]
(46) 82 83 [33]
(47) 84
85
86 (48)
87 (49)
Ficus variolosa Lindl,ex Benth Sireblus ilicilolnis
(Vidul) Corn.
Urttcaceac Gonosiegia bit la
(Blunie.) Miq VIOLALES Cariaceac Carica /Japaya L
Passifloraceae Pii.ssifloiti foi'lula L.
Liliopsida ARALES Araccae Acorus calamus L.
AgUianema cosialum (Null.) N.E.Brown.
Alocasia longiloba Miq.
Humalomena occulta (Lour.) Schott CYPERALES Cyperaceae Mariscus umbel lal us
Vahl.
Cyperus rutundus L.
LILIALES Convallariaceae Ophio/wgoii chingu
Wang el Tang Ophiopogon dracaenoides (Baker)
Hook.f.
Ophiopogon latifolius Rodr.
Hypoxidaceae Curculigo orchicides
Gaertn.
M a r a n t a c e a e
Sung 10 0 ro mii Ho Gai Bo mam long
Bo IIiiii lim H o D n d o
Dudii Ho Lac tien Day lac li6n Ldp Hanh BuRay Ho Ray Thiiy xUdng b6 Van men thanh Ray lii mui ten Sdn thuc
Bo Coi Ho Coi Coi tUdng hoa
tan Co giu Bo H a n h Ho Mach mon
dong Cao cang la
nho Cao cing ia
mac Cao cang la
rfing Ho Toi voi liin
Sam cau Ho Hoang tinh
Lii Vo
Lii
Qua non
La
Than, rl Ca cay Cu Rl
Cacay Ca cay
Cacay
R l c i i
Re cii
Than, r l Tan niiiu
bSm Tieu doc, mun nhoi
Cam mau
Dau dau
Mai ngii
Giai nhiet, tieu hoa Duilng ho hap Ran can Gan, xUdng
Tri giun Dau bung
kinh
Tri bong Phong thip,
tim Tri ho
Liet dUdng Ciiy bui Cay go Cay ihiio
Cay ihao Day leo
Cay thao Cay Ihao Cay thao Cay thao
Cay thao Cay thao
Cay thao Cay thao Cay thao Cay thao
Rirng Trang bui
Nudng ray
Vuftn, nUdng ray
Ven duifng
NUdng rSy Rirng am Ritng am Rirng am
Trang bui VUcfn, nUdng
ray
Tan riing, ven suoi Rirng am
R ^ g a m
Doi CO, am mat
Nguy6n Tlii Thu Ha
88 (50)
89 (341 (51) 90
91
92 (35]
(52) 93 [36]
(53) 94 95 96 [37]
(54) 97 98 99 100
101
102
Caldlbea clossoui Horl, Smilucaccac SmiUnglabia'^nW.cy.
Roxb O R C H I D A I . I S
OrdiUliUciK' Aiioei locluiu\
nnbuiglni{W-d\l.)WM.
cxhindl liulbopb vlliim odinviis.siiiium (J.Ii.Sm,)
Lindl, Plui/ii,\ laiikervilliiii'
(Banks ex L'.Hci ) Blumc PANDANALKS
Pandanaceae Paiulainis uroph\Uu-i
I lance POALES
Poaceac CMiibiipogon luirdus
(L.) Rendte Imperaia cylundriva
(L,) Bcauv.
Tlnsanuiaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze ZINGIBERALES
Zingiberaccac Amomum villo.\um Lour,
Amvmum \anlliiuides Wall.
Alpinia chincnsis (Koenig) Rose,
Curcuma sp.
Kaempferia galanga L.
Zingiber officinale Rose.
Huynh lmh uin Ho Kim can}*
Thrt phi^c linh Bo Lan Ilo Lan Lan kim luyen
Cau di^p ihdm
Lan hiic dinh Bo Du:a dai Ho Du'a dai Dita dai Bii Lua Ho Lua Sii Co Iranh
Dot Bo Girng Ho Girng Sil nhan Sa nhan gai
Rieng liiu Nghg rCtng
Dia lien
Girng
Kc
Rl
Ca ciiy
Cil tSy
Than
Thiin
Cu, re Re Than non
Qua, hiJi Quii. hai Than, re Cli
Re
Cu
Vci thUdng
l^au bung 6 phu iiiJ
Ho. sol cao, riin ciin 'I'ri ho ra miiu
Tri ho
Phong Ihap.
dau xUdng
Ciim ciim Ldi lieu Chi^a limh vei IhUdng
Dau hung, biing huvel Dau bung, dong thai XUdng khdp
Bo mau Dau bung,
an khong tiau Cam lanh
C5y thao Day leo
Ciy ihao Cay thdo Cay Ihao
Cay Ihao
Cii>
thuo Ciy Ihao Ciy thao
Ciy thao Ciy thao Cay thao Cay thao
cay
thao Cay thao
Tan ritng
Ritng. Irang bui
Rifng, khe suoi
Rirng
Rifng
Trang bui, rung
Nuong riy Trang bui Riing. ven suoi
RUng, nUdng rly, vUifn Ritng am Rifng Ritng, nuong
ray R ^ g ^ RiJng, nilcmg''
ray :
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Nghien efru da dgng sinh hgc cdc hcii cdy thudc cua nguifi ddn tdc Bahnar xa Kroong...
2.2.2. Danh gia ti'nh da dang ve thanh phan loai cay thuoc
* Da dang ve thdnh phdn lodi
Bdng 2. So sdnh thdnh phdn lodi cdy thudc cua DBDT Bahnar xd Kroong vdi cdy thuoc Viet Nam
Chl ticu so sanh Dien tich (kni^)
seho So chi So loai Tong so
Kroong 312,24 54 95 102 251
Viet Nam 330.000
272 1525 3870 5667
Ty lc % 0.095 19.85 6,23 2,64 4,4.3
Ghi chii So loiii ciiy Ihuoc Viel Nam theo Nguyen Viin Tap vil cong sil, 2006 [13]
Bang 2 cho ihay, tuy dicn lich xa chi chiem 0,095% nhUng ly lc cac bac laxon ciia cay thu6c ngirbi DBDT Bahnar xa Koong chiem 4,43% so vdi cd nUdc. Dieu do chtJng to tai nguyen c3y thuoc theo cac bac laxon d day cao.
* Da dgng ve hinh thdc sdng
Thxic vat lam thuoc d xa Kroong da dang va phong phii, bao gdm 4 hinh thiic sdng cd ban. Trong dd, nhdm cay than thao chidm ty Ie cao nhdt (47,06%), sau dd den nhom cay bui (26,47%), day leo (13,73%) vacudi cung la cay than gd (12,74%) (Bang 3).
Bdng 3. Cdc hinh thdc song cda cdy thuoc ddn tpc Bahnar xd Kroong Hinh thil'C song
So lirong loai Tyle(%)
Cay thao 48 47,06
Cay bui 27 26,47
Day leo 14 13,73
Cay go 13 12,74 Cac chuyen gia ban dia cho biet; mdt sd cay thudc than thao, cay bui d l tai sinh, khi nhd ISy r l neu c5m canh xudng dSl thi sau vai thang, cay ben r l viing chSc, 2 - 3 nam cd the tiep tuc khai ihac su: dung.
* Da dgng ve moi trudng song
Mdi tritdng riTng cd nhieu cay thudc nhat (55 loai, chiem 53,91 %), ddng thdi la ndi tap trung 6 loai quy hiem cSn duoc Uu tien bao ve. Virdn, nUdng rly, ven ditdng; doi cd, trang bui cd mat 27 loai (26,47%), it cd mat cac loai cay thuoc tai mdi tnrdng gSn nifdc (khe sudi, ven sudi) 8 loai (7,84%) (Bang 4).
Bdng 4. Phdn bd cdy thuoc cua ddn tpc Bahnar xd Kroong theo moi trUdng song Moi
tri^cfng Sdloai Tyle
Ruing, tan riimg, ven rifng
55 53,91
Vtftfti, nuTdng ray, dutfng lang
27 26,47
D6i CO, trang bui 27 26,47
Khe suoi, ven su6i 8 7,84
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NguySn Thi Thu I l.i
Ngcii moi UUflng lit nhicn, ngltai dan loc Bahnaf da nhan trong trong vi/fln 3 loai t2.')-V/,). Ml nhiiii {Ainmtntnt villosuni Lour.), nhan Iran (Acrocephalus indicus (Burm.f.) KUI11/.C). ngiii cilu {Artemisia vitlgtiri\ L.),
* Da dang ve ho phdn stt diiiig
Hdng 5. Da dang vi ho phdn cdy thuoc
\udiing chita hcnh ctia DBDT Bahnar xd Kroong
Uf, 111" ClIlo iihrin Ml i l i u i i : .S<^ loiii
•r.\ l c l ' / , ) 44 11,14
23 22,55
La 22 21,57
Than IX 17.65
Hoa, qua 8 7,84
Nhifa 1 0,98
Bang 5 ihc hicn rd linh da dang vc tan so siJr dung cac bd phan khac nhau de Iam Ihuoc. Irong dd cac bdphan ihudng dung nhat la rc, cii (44 loai. chicm 43,147(K ca cay, 23 loin (22.5.'i%). la, 22 loai (21.57%), than. 18 loai (17,65%). hoa qua, 8 loai (7,84%)va nhita. I loai(0.'JS'/.)
• Da dgng ve ede nhdm binh dUpc chUa tri
Tai nguyen cay thuoc da dang ve cdng dung, cd the chQa tri di/dc 11 nhdm benh khac nhau (Bang 6). Sd loai cay cd the chiJa tri benh dddng lieu hda la nhieu nhSt (21 loai, 20,59%), ke d^n la chiia in gan, xUdng, khdp (16 loai. 15,69%), vet thifdng, ddn nga (15 loai. 14,71%), bd mau, giai nhiel (15 loai. 14,71%), benh phu nil (14 loai, 13,73%), ho, viem phoi (9 loai, 8.82%), r5n can (8 loai, 7.84%) va mpt so benh cam sot, diTdngtiet nieu, sdi ret. Day la nhufng benh thifdng gap trong dieu kien sinh sdng cua dong bao trong vung.
Bdng 6. Da dgng cdc nhdm benh dupc chifa tri bdng cdy thudc ddn tpc Bahnar xa Kroong
Nhiim benh So loai
Tyle
(%)
1 21
20,59II 16
15,69III 15
14,71IV 15
14.71V 14
13,73VI 9
8,82VII 8
7,84MII 7
6.86IX 7
6,86X 7
6,86XI 6
5,88 ID Benh duilng lieu hoa. (II): Benh ve xuong, khiip. gan. phong le Ihap; (III): Bo mau, giai nhiel; (IV): Vel thuong, don nga; (V): Benh phu nit; (VI). Ho. vii-m phdi; (VII): Ria can; (VIII): Dau dau, cam ciim, s6l cao; (IX): Benh vc duilng licl nieu; (X): Sol rel; (XI): Mat so benh khac; Dau mil, bong, matngii,..* Da dang ve sil dung thuoc Irong DBDT Bahnar xa Kwong
Mac dil 100% dlldc cap miln phi the bao hiem y te nhimg 88,9% DBDT Bahnar dupc nghien ctiu chi su: dung cay thuoc, 7.14% sil dung thuoc lay va 3,96% den trung tiim y te xa de chtJa tri khi hi benh (Bang 7)."Chilng to cay thuoc va kien thilc v l sOt dung cSy thuoc la mot phan khong the thilu trong ddi song cua DBDT Bahnar xa Kroong.
104
Nghien ciiu da dgng sinh hgc cdc Uidi cdy thude ciia ngiftJi ddn Ide Bahnar .\d Kroong...
Bang 7. Da dgng sd dung thudc chda tri khi bi benh ddi vdi DBDT Bahnar xd Kroong Phirtfng an lira ebon
So ngUfli T y l e ( % )
Den trung tam y tc xii 5 3,96
Sul dung thuoc lay 9 7,14
Sijr dung cay Ihuoc 112 88,9
* Nhifng cdy thudc quy hiim
Theo Sach Dd Viet Nam, phan ThiTc vai (2007), cd 6 loai cay Ihudc quy hiem.
chiem 8,82% tong sd loai dUdc thu thap va phan loai, irong dd cd 4 loai nguy ckp (EN) dang bi de dpa luyel chiing, 2 loai sc nguy cap (VU) cd the bi dc doa luycl chiing. Dd la nhiing loai quy hiem, cd nguy cd luyci chiing c5n dadc Uu ticn bao vc (Biing 8).
Bdng 8. Nhdng lodi cdy thudc quy hiem xd Kroong cd ten trong Sdch Dd Viet Nam (2007) IT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ten khoa hoc Drymiria jorlunei {Kuntz. Ex Mcli) Smith.
Aquilaria erassna Pierre ex Leconile Kibatalia laiirifolia (Ridl.) Woodson Hytlnophytiim formicarum Jack Codcmopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f.
Ant>eetochilus ro.xl}urghii (Wall.) Wall, exhindl.
Ten Viel Nam Col bd toiii Tram hiidng Than linh la que
Bi ky nam Sam leo Lan kim luyen
Mu'c do nguy cap EN EN VU EN VU EN
3, Ket Iuan
Cay thuoc cua DBDT Bahnar xa Kroong, vung dem VQG KKK da difdc thu thap va dinh loai gom 102 loai thuoc 95 chi, 54 hp, 37 bp, 5 ldp, 3 nganh thUc vat khac nhau, chiem 4,43% tong s6 bac taxon thiic vat lam thu6c trong ca nudc.
Da s6 cay thu6c diTdc khai thac la than thao (48 loai 47,06%), s6ng 6 moi trubng ritng (55 loai, 53,91%), co 4 loai bi de doa tuyet chiing (EN), 2 loai .se bi de doa tuyet chung (VU). 97,06% cac loai cay thuoc dupc khai thac tii tu nhien. Bp phan khai thac lam thu6c chSa benh chu ylu la rl, cii (44 loai, 43,14%) hoac ca cay (23 loai, 22,55%) la nguyen nhan lam can kiet TNTN, suy giam da dang sinh hoc.
cay thufie VQG KKK co vai tro quan trpng trong ddi song ngudi dan tpc Bahnar, xa Kroong. Hp da dung cay thuoc de chiia tri 11 nhdm benh khac nhau, thudng gap trong cupc s6ng hang ngay. Trong s6 126 ngubi dupc phong van co 88,9% chi sOl dung cay thudc, 7,14% s^ diang thudc tay va 3,96% din trung tam y tl xa khi bi benh.
Mpt s6 loai cay thuoc cd kha nang tai sinh cao, mpt s6 loai da dupc nhan trong la cP sd de tiin hanh nhiJng nghien ciiu sau hdn nhSm xay dung cd sd khoa hoc cho viec khai thac hdp ly, xay dung vubn dupc lieu gdp phin giam ap lUc len tai nguyen thien nhien va da dang sinh hpc cua VQG KKK.
105
Nguyfin llii 'Ihu Mil
IAI LIKU I I I A M KIIAO
111 1 loiing Xuiin ly, 2(101. I'htiottg phdp Ihu llidp vd sit dting kien thitc han dia. Trung liiiii nghien Cliu sinli Ihiii vii iiiiii IrUbng rirng, Hii Npi.
121 Nguyin NgliTa Thin, 2()()«, Ciic philitng phdp ngliicn i tin Ihuc vui. Nxb Dai hpc Quoc gui nil Nil!
| 3 | Nguyin liln Hiin. 1997. C'liJii ttung ini cilu vd nhdn hiel cdc ho Thuc vat hat kin d Viel Nam. Nxh Nong nghiep, 1-lii Npi.
| 4 | Nguyen Tion liiin, :()()0. Thuc vdt chi Vict Nam. Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat. Ha Noi.
| 5 | Phain Huang I In. 2()()(). C'liv cd Viel Nam lap 11. Nxb Tre, T P Hd Chi Minh.
|61 I'hiiiii Hoiing 1 Id. 2()()(). C'lh cd Viel Nam tap 111 Nxb Tre, TP Ho Chi Minh.
| 7 | Vd Vim Chi. 2(103, lildtcit Thllc vdt thdng dttng. lap 1. Nxh Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, Hii Ndi.
| 8 | Vd Vim Chi. 2004. 'Til dicn 'Thilc vdi thdng dung, lap 1. Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat,
llii Ndi| 9 | Vd Vim Chl. 2007. Sdch tro cilu ten cdy cd Vicl Num. Nxh Giao due. Ha Ndi.
|10| liiummiu R. K., 1992. Vascular plant families and genera. Royal botanic gar- den, Kew.
[11] Nguyen Nghia Thin, Nguyin Thi Hanh, Ngd TrUc Nha, 2001. Cdy thuoc dong bao Thdi Con Cudng. Nghe An. Nxb Ndng nghiip. Hit Ndi.
[12] Bd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam, 2007. Sdch Dd Viel Nam. phdn 'Thuc vdt. Nxb Khoa hoc TU nhicn vii Cdng nghe. Ha Ndi.
ABSTRACT
Biodiversity research on species of medicinal plant used by the Bahnar ethnic group, Kroong c o m m u n e , in the buffer 7.one of Kon Ka Kinh National P a r k , Gia Lai Province Medicinal plants in Kon Ka Kinh N.iuonal Park play an important role in the life of the Bahnar people in Kroong commune. It was found that 9 5 % of the people use only medicinal plants when they are sick. Of the plants used, there are 102 species of 95 geneia, 54 families, 37 orders, 4 classes and 3 phylums. They are used to treat 11 different disease groups, holding 4.43% total levels of taxon for medicinal plants in whole country. Most medicinal plants are herbaceous (48 species, 47.06%) and live in a forest environment (55 .species, 53.91%), 4 species are on the verge of extinction (EN) and 2 species ate threatened with extinction (VU). Of the plants used, 97.06% are not propagated; they are only harvested from their natural environment. The part of the plant most commonly used is the root and tuber (44 species, 43.14%), while for some the whole of the plant is u.sed (23 species, 22.55%). This results in an exhaustion of the natural resouice and reduction of biodiversity. This is a big challenge in the management, preservation and stable development of Kon Ka Kinh National Park - an ASEAN natural heritage site in Vietnam.
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