JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI; 10 I8I73/2354-1067.2017-OI07 Social Science, 2017, Vol.62, Iss. 11, pp, 217-226
This paper is available online at hUp://sidb.hnue edu.vn
O A N H G I A K H A N A N G K H A I T H A C C A C D I E M D U L I C H T H E O C A C T I E U V U N G D U L I C H T I N H H A G I A N G
N g u y e n Thj Phfldng N g a Khoa Du lich, Tnfflng Dai hoc Cdng nghiep Hd Ndi Tom tat. Bai bao danh gia kha nang khai thac va kha nang thu hiit khach cua cac diem du lich tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang theo cac lieu chf- dgbipdan.cdscf haling vit cdsd vai chat kT Ihuat, VI trf die'm du lich, thdi gian luu tru cua khach du hch, tfnh bin vflng, sflc chfla ciia diem du ljch He thong diem du Iich dUpc phan thanh ba lieu viing tren cd sd tUOng ddng ve tai nguyen du hch vit cac san pham du lich, Phudng phap nghien cdu chu yeu dUdc sfl dung: thang diem tdng hdp dUa tren dieu tra thuc dia lai 34 diem du lich thuoc 3 tieu vung du lich cua linh Ha Giang, Tfl kll qua danh gia kha nang ihu hul khach va kha nang khai ihac, cac diem du lich dUdc xep loai thanh diem du hch qudc gia va diem du lich dia phUdng,
Tdkhda: Du lich Ha Giang, diem du lich, kha nang khai thac.
1. Mcf d4u
Ha Giang la diem d i n h i p dan ddi vdi khach du lich trong nhflng niim gin day. Nhieu cdng trinh nghien cflu ve du ljch Ha Giang cua ciic chuyen gia va sd V H - TT- DL Ha Giang, da Iam ro dUdc nhflng the manh, cd hgi phiit trien cua du Hch tinh Ha Giang, ddng thdi dinh hUdng phat trien san pham va loai hinh du ljch [2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10], Thuc t l cho thiy, so lUdng cac diem du lich da vit dang khai thac kha ldn, tuy nhien hieu qua cua viec khai thac cac diem du lich cdn rat nhieu han che Qua khao sat tai cac diem du ljch, tiic gia danh gia cac diem du Iich theo ba lieu vung du hch cua tinh: tieu vung phia bac (4 huyen: Quan Ba, Yen Minh, Dong Van, Meo Vac), tieu vung Trung tam (3 huyen va TP: T P Hii Giang, Vi Xuyen, Bac Me), tieu vung phia Tay (4 huyen: Bac Quang, Quang Binh, Xin Man, Hoang Su Phi) Ket qua danh gia cac diem du Ijch d tinh Ha Giang dUdc xep loai thanh die'm du lich qudc gia va diem du lich dia phUdng.
2. Noi dung nghien ciiu 2.1. Cac tieu chi danh gia
D e danh giii cac die'm du lich, bai bao xac djnh cac lieu chi danh gia dua tren cd sd cac nghien cflu da cd [1, 3, 5, 7] va thflc le lai dm phUdng. He thdng cac tieu chf dUdc kiem nghiem thong qua pbUdng phap chuyen gia. De xep hang cac diem du lich theo cap: dja phudng, quoc gia;
Ngaynhan bai 15/7/2017. Ngay siia bai 1/8/2017 Ngay nhan dang 20/10/2017 Lien h6: Nguyen Thi PhUdng Nga. e-mail, ngam l29@gmail,com
Nguyen Thi PhUdng Nga
bill vilt sfl dung phUdng phap thang diem tdng hdp, la phUdng phap cho die'm lUdng flng vdi moi bac chf tieu ciia ddi tUdng nghien cflu. PhUdng phap nay co uu diem- dam bao tfnh chfnh xac va dinh lugng cac chl tieu danh gia; phu hdp vdi thuc te Tuy nhien cung cd nhflng ban che mang ifnh chu quan do viec xay dung cac chi tieu danh gia phiJ thuoc vao ngudi lap chi tieu. Diem cua cac tieu chf danh gia tai moi diem du lich dUdc ifnh bang cdng thflc:
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k: He sd danh gia
Cac tieu chf danh gia va he so cua cac tieu chf do dUdc xay dung tren cd sd ihuc l l dia ban nghien cflu va tham khao y kiln cua cac chuyen gia (sd lUdng cac chuyen gia la 21 ngudi) lii cac nha quan If du lich tai dia phUdng (Sd Van hda - The Thao - Du lich Hii Giang; Trung tiim xuc tien du lich tinh Ha Giang; Ban quan li cong vien dia chat loan cau), cac nha khoa hgc. Biii viet dUa ra he thong cac lieu chf danh gta khii nang khai thac vii kha nang thu but cua diem du lich vdt cac he so cu the nhU sau:
Bang 1. Tieu chiddnh gid diem du lich
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2.2. Ket qua nghien cu'u
Tren cd sd dieu tra khiio sat tai 34 die'm du ljch tren dja ban llnh Hii Giang cung vdi cac danh giii cua chuyen gia xac dinh nhu Bang 2, 3 vii 4 dudi day
- Diem du lich cfl y nglua cpidc gta: la cac die'm du lich cd khd nang thu .hut tren 18 diem va khii nang khai thac tren 15 dil'm (theo trung binh cdng diem danh gta ciia 21 chuyen gia), chu ylu la cac diem du ljch nam tren tuyin tfl TP Hii Giang di cac huyen phia b i c thuoc cao nguyen dii Ddng Van (kit ndi tieu vung du lich Trung tam vii tieu viJng du lich phfa Bac)
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Nguyen Thi PhUdng Nga
Day la cac diem du hch chfnh trong hanh irlnh cua du khach ve vdi cao nguyen: cot cd Lung Cu, Dinh thu hp VUdng, deo Ma P\ I x n g va song Nho Que, Nui D6i - Quan Ba. Mot so diem thudc tie'u viing phfa tay la ruong bac thang tai khu vUc Thong Nguyen, Ban P h u n g . . . Cac diem du hch nay dUdc danh gia cd tai nguyen du ljch hap din nhieu du khach. he thong cd sd ha tang, ccf sd lUu tru, nha hang. phUdng tien di lai kha thuan tien cho khach du lich, nSm tren dUdng quoc 16 4C Kha nang tiep can cua cac diem du lich niiy thuan tien, kha nang lien ket giiJa cac diem du lich cao, sdc chda cdc diem kha ldn (dinh thu ho Vudng cd the don 4000 lUdt khach/ngay). Cac diem du lich nay ia dicm nhan cho du lich Ha Giang.
- Cdc dicm du hch ed y nghTa dia phudng. Irong Quy hoach phat tnen du lich giai doan 2015 - 2020, Ha Giang cd tren 200 diem du lich quoc gia ctJng nhU dia phUdng. Tren thuc te co khoang tren 50 diem du lich dang dUdc khai thac, trong do chii yeu la diem du lich tai T P Ha Giang, cac huyen thupc cao nguyen da Dong Van, mpt so diem thuoc cac huyen Hoang Su Phi, Xin Man. Vi Xuyen. Bac Quang. Qua khao sat cho Ihay, cac diem du lich dia phUdng deu dUdc du khach danh gia cao ve hap dan va kha hap dan cua tai nguyen du lich (80 -90% so khach dUdc hdi), ndi day co canh quan khd da dang: rupng bac thang, canh quan nui non hiing vT, ban lang ngUbi Tay van giii nguyen dUdc net van hda dac irUng, chUa bi tac dpng nhieu bdi cac yeu td bien dai. Tieu bieu la cac lang van hoa du lich cong dong cdc thon Tha, Ha Thiinh, Cao Biinh.. nam d vj trf rat thuan ldi (cdch trung lam TP Ha Giang 2- 6 km). He thong cac nhii .san phuc vu du khach dupc trang bj kha day du, co dieu kien ihuc hien nhieu loai hinh du lich (nghi dUdng, di bo, leo nui, kham p h a . . . ) . Day la diem du lich thu hut nhieu du khach nUdc ngoai lUu lai. Tuy nhien he thong cd sd ha tang cua nhOng diem du lich nay con rat nhieu han che, cac loai hinh hoat dong d cac diem du lich chua da dang, hien nay chUa khai thac dUdc het gia trj, mdi chf ddng lai d viec khai thac nho le cua mot so cong ti 13 hanh
2.2,1. Ve k h a n a n g thu hut cua cac diem du lich
DUa vao ket qua danh gia de xac djnh kha nang thu hiit ciia cac diem du lich tieu viang du lich trung tam, tie'u viing du Iich phfa Bac, tieu viJng du hch phfa Tay, biii viel xac dinh nhU sau:
- Kha nang thu hiit l6l: la diem du Iich cd die'm so tren 18 - 24 diem. Day la cac diem du lich CO kha nang thu hiit cao.
- Kha nang thu hiit kha: la cac diem du lich c6 diem s6{i3 \2~ 18 diem. Day la cac diem du lich cd kha nang thuan Ipi trong thu hut du khach.
- Kha nang thu hut trung blnh: I,ii cac die'm du hch co die'm so dUdi 12 die'm. Day la nhflng diem du lich it thuan ldi cho viec thu hut khach.
- Dch vfli lieu vung du hch trung lain:
Chua Sung Khanh, chiia Nui Cam, lang van boa du ljch cong dong thon Tha, thon Tien Thang, khu du Ijch sinh thdi Thach T.am Vien, ho Na Hang .. la cac diem du ljch cd tfnh h4p dan kha cao, ciing vdi nd lii kha nang lien kk giifa cac die'm du ljch ldn. he thdng cd sd ha tang thuan ldi, niim d trung tam TP Hii Giang vii cac huyen lan can thuan ldi cho vific khai thac Tang van hda du Ijch cpng dong thdn Tha, Tien Thdng thu hut chu yeu lii khach quoc te (Phap, Nhat) d6n theo nhom nho. Cac diem du ljch con lai chu yeu la khach npi tinh va cac khu vUc lan can.
Cdc die'm du ljch kha thuan ldi nhU khu du ljch smh thai thac Thuy. ho Quang Minh. . . la nhiJng die'm du ljch kha hap d&n du khdch, tuy nhien cd sd ha lang chUa tot, kha nang tiep can con han che. Cdc diem du lich nay co the khai ihac dUdc nhieu loai hinh du ljch nhu nghi dudng. tham quan ngjm c a n h . . . , do do can dau tu de phat trien thanh diem du lich hap din, Die'm du Iich dUdc danh gid thap nhat lii cang Bac M e , lieu khu Trong Con: day la nhiJng di tfch lich sit, xong cd sd
Ddnh gid khd ndng khai ihdc eac diein ciu Tu h theo cdc lieu viing du hch finh Hd Giang
ha lang, dieu kien cd sd vat chat kT thuat con rat yeu kem.
• Doi vdi tie'u vdng du hch phia Bdc:
Cac diem du lich dUpc danh gia cao la cdc die'm hien nay dang khai Ihac tdt, khang djnh dUdc khd nang thu hiit ctia diem du lich: cot cd Lung Cu, khu di tfch kien true Nha Vudng, deo Ma Pi Leng, pho co Dong Van Cac die'm du lich co kha nang thu hul thap la do he thong giao thong chUa thuSn Idi, kha nang tiep can den cac diem con nhieu han che.
- Ddi vdi tieu vimg du lich phi'a Tdy:
Cac diem du lich dUdc danh gia cao nhat la Thdc Tien - Deo Gio, khu du ljch sinh thai Pahouse, canh quan ruong bac thang Thong Nguyen. Ban Phung (Hoang Su Phi) la cac diem du Ijch hap dan khach du Ijch. Cac diem du lich dUdc danh gia thap lii hang Thien Thuy, lang cham bac Dong C h d . . . la diem co dUdng giao thong khd khan.
2.2.2. Ve k h a n a n g khai thac cua cac diein du lich
Dua vao ket qua long hdp d bang 2.3,4 trong do cac diem du lich co kha nang khai thac nhu sau.
- Kha nang khai thac tot: la cac diem du hch co diem danh gia tren 1 5 - 2 0 diem. Day la diem du lich co kha nang khai thac cao.
- Kha nang khai thdc kha, la cdc diem du Iich cd diem danh gia tiJ 10 den dUdi 15 die'm.
Day la diem du ljch cd kha nang khai thdc thuan ldi.
- Kha nang khai thac trung binh- la cac diem du Iich co diem danh gid dUdi 10 diem. Day la diem du lich co kha nang khai thac thap hdn.
Cac diem du lich cd kha nang khai thdc thap hdn so vdi kha nang thu hiit, dieu nay cho thay cdc diem du lich d day chu yeu van ton tai dudi dang tiem nang. Kha nang khai thac ciia cdc diem thap chli yeu do thdi gian lUu tru cua khdch du ljch con rat ngan
- Ddi vfli tieu viing du lich Trung lain •
Cdc diem du lich khai thac lot theo danh gia cua cdc chuyen gia cd kha nang phdt trien n^m d cac huyen Vi Xuyen, Bac Quang va 1 s6 dia die'm cua TP Ha Giang, trong do Khu du lich smh thdi Thach Lam Vien, TrUdng Xuan v6i su dau tU ldn, kha nang khai thac dUdc ddnh gid cao.
- Ddi vdi lieu viing du lich phia Bac:
Cac diem du hch co khd nang khai thdc tot la danh thang cot cd Ldng Cu, dinh thu ho VUdng, deo Ma Pi Leng, vudn da Sang Tung, lang van hda du lich cong dong Liing Cam Tren.
Day la nhiJng diem dang khai thac toi va phdt huy dUdc the manh la san phii'm dpc dao ciia cao nguyen da trong nhiing nam tdi.
- Doi vdi tie'u viing phia Tdy:
Cdc diem du Ijch co kha nang khai thac kha tdt, tuy nhien do han che ve cd sd ha t^ng, linh thdi VU cua diem du ljch nen giam thdi gian khai thdc. Loai hlnh du hch chu yeu Iji nghi dUdng difa vao thien nhien, do do viio thdi ky mua mUa, miia dong, kha nang khai thac ctia cac diem nay thap. De khai thac triel de diem du lich nay can khac phuc ve he thong cd sd ha tang de dap dng nhu cau cua du khach den khu vUc niiy. Cac diem du lich co kha nang khai thac lot nhat hien nay la khu vUc Thac Tien Deo Gio, khu du hch sinh thdi Panhouse, bai da co Nam D a n . . . 2.2.3. Kha nang phat trien cua cac diein du lich
- Dot vdi lieu viing du lich tnmg ldm:
NguySn Thi PhUdng Nga
/ \
So do 1. Diem ddnh gid khd ndng thu hut vd khd ndng khai khdc diem DL cua tieu viing du lich trung tdm Trong lieu viing du lich Irung tam cac diem du lich cd kha nang phdt trien tot thanh cac diem du ljch hap dan hpi lu day du cdc yeu to ve tinh hip ddn cua tiii nguyen. he thong cd s6 ha tang, mang ludi giao thong van tai thuan ldi, thdi gian khai thdc keo dai trong nam: Nui MoNeo, Thach Lam Vien, TrUdng Xuan, trong do nui Mo Neo dUdc quy hoach phat trien thanh diem du ljch cao cap ciia Ha Giang.
Cac die'm cd kha nang khai Ihac thu hut cao nhUng kha nang khai thdc ban ch6, can dau tU cd sd ha tang, dich vu du lich de tang kha nang khai thdc nhU lang van hoa du hch cong ddng Thon Tha, Tien Thang. Ha Thanh, ho Na Hang, Thac Thuy, ho Quang Mmh.
- Dot vdi tieu vimg du lich phia Bdc.
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Sa do 2. Diem ddnh gid khd ndng thu hut vd khd ndng khai khdc diem du lich lieu viing du lich phia Bdc
Tie'u vung du lich phfa B5c la khu vUc co nhilu die'm du ljch cd the khai Ihdc nhiSu Ioai hlnh du lich. Cac diem co kha ndng thu hut cao (Niii Doi, Cong trdi Quan Ba, cot cb Lung Cu, deo Ma Pi Leng va song Nho Qug, dinh thU hp Vudng, pho co thj tran Ddng Van co gia tri thu hut tit 20 - 23 diem), dong thdi cd kha nang khai thac ldn (dUpc ddnh gia tiJ 15 - 18 diem) Ngoai 4 diem du ljch co y nghla quoc gia hien nay, dUa vao kel qua ddnh gia cd the thay cac diem phat trien thiinh die'm du Ijch cd y nghTa quoc gia: canh quan vUdn da (kha nang thu hiit tot nhUng kha nang hien nay khat thac ban che).
224
Ddnh gid khd ndng khai thdc ede diem du li< h theo cde tieii vitng du hch tinh Hd Giang
Cac diem du lich kha nang khai thac Ihap la do tfnh thdi vu (chd tinh Khau Vai chi dien ra trong 2 ngay, hang Kho My chu yeu khai thac dUdc viio mua k h o . . . ) , cac diem du Iich nay can dau lU cac dich vu, da dang loai hinh du hch, thu hut dUdc khach du hch.
- Ddi vdi tie'u vung du lich phia tdy.
Sd do 3. Diem ddnh gid khd ndng thu hut vd khd ndng khai khdc diiin du lich tieu viingphiaTdy
Tieu vung du Ijch phfa Tay co so diem thu hiit ciing nhu khai thdc thap hdn so vdi 2 khu vUc con lai, do viec quang ba, he thong cd sd ha tang con ylu kem, chua dap dng dUdc nhu ciu cua du khach. Cac diem du lich co the manh la Thdc Tien - Deo Gid, bai da co Nam Dan, riing nguyen sinh Deo Gio . . Kha nang khai thac cua cac diem du lich nay se tdt neu dUdc dau tU cd sd ha tang, cd sd vat chat kT thuat phuc vu cho du lich.
Cac diem du lich cd kha nang khai thac va kha nang thu hut lot la nhiing diem dang khai thac, can phai trien co hieu qua trong nhflng nam tdi. Cdc diem co kha nang thu hut tdt lii diem tai nguyen du Ijch hap dan, song dieu kien cd sd ha tang, cd sd vat chit kT ihuat cdn han che, can ddu tu de khai thac thimh diem du ljch hap dan. Viec ddnh gid cac diem du Iich nay giup djnh hUdng phat trien nhflng die'm du Iich co hieu qua kinh te cao, can dau tu vao nhflng diem du Ijch cd kha nang thu hiit tdt trd thanh diem du lich.
Khu du ljch sinh thdi Thdc Tien - Deo Gid va khu du hch smh thai Panhous vdi the manh ve tai nguyen du ljch ket hdp vdi kha nang dau tU tot cho cac dich vu du lich, day la die'm du Hch cd y nghla quoc gia trong nhdng nam tdi
3. Ket luan
TiJ nhflng danh gia tren cho thay cac diem du ljch tren dia ban Ha Giang nhieu kha nang phat trien vdi san pham du hch da dang phong phu. NhUng thUc te viec khai thac cd hieu qua cac diem du lich nay con phu thuoc rdt ldn vao dieu kien he thong cd sd ha tang, cd sd vat chat kT thuat du lich, chfnh sach marketing, xay dUng san pham dac thu de trd thanh diem du ljch h i p dan du khach trong va ngoiii nudc. Hudng nghien ciiu tiep theo la nghien ctiu kha nang phat trien va ket noi cac diem du ljch hlnh thanh cdc tuygn du ijch v6i cac san pham du ljch dac Ihil cua moi tieu vung. Dong thdi dUa ra cac giai phap nham khai thdc co hieu qua nguon tai nguyen du Iich da dang, dinh hUdng san pham du lich mang mau sic Hii Giang.
Nguyen Thj PhUdng Nga
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ABSTRACT
Evaluating the possibility of exploiting the tourist development of the sub-region in Ha Giang
Nguyen Thi Phuong Nga Faculty of Tourist, Hanoi University of Industry The study presents an evaluation research about the potential of explosion and attraction to the tourist pointsin Ha Giang province according to criterions; attractiveness, infrastructure and technical facilities, tourist locations, length of stay of tourists, sustainabilily, capacity. Tourist point system is divided into three sub-regions on the basis of similarities in tourism resources and tourism products. Mainly research methods are used such as: scale synthesis based on fieldwork data at 34 points under ihe three sub-regional tour of Ha Giang tourism. Research results evaluate the potential of the explosion and attraction of tourist points and are divided into national tourist points and local tourist points.
Keywords: Tourist of Ha Giang, tourist point, ability to exploit
