JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI: 10.18173/2354-1067.2016-0062 Social Set., 2016, Vol. 61, No. 5, pp, 73-79
This paper is available online at hllp://sldb.hnue.edu.vn
HIEN THUC CHIEN TRANH TRONG TIEU T H U Y I T VIET NAM DUONG DAI THEO KHUYNH H U 6 N G HIEN THUC - HUYEN AO QUA N6I BUON CHIEN TRANH CUA BAO NINH VA AN MAY DI VANG CUA CHU LAI
Trffdng Thi Kim Anh
Khoa Supham Khoa hgc Xd hpi. Tnfdng Dgi hoc Ddng Nai Tom tat. Npi dung bai viel mudn noi din mgt khuynh htfdng vilt mdi Irong tieu thuyet Viet Nam dtfdng dai, dac biet la cac lieu thuyet vill vl dl tai chiln tranh, do la khuynh htfbng hien ihifc huyen do. Bai vili dl cap sau den hai tac pha'm lieu bieu cho phtfdng thtfc viet nay la Ndi budn chien tranh cua Bao Ninh va An mdy di vang ciia Chu Lai. Vdi hai lac pha'm nay, chiing tdi chii ylu di khai ihac ba phtfdng dien cd ban viet ve chiln tranh Iheo khuynh htfdng hien thtfc huyen ao, do la: Chiln tranh vdi nhflng cau chuyen li ki va nhffng Ibi lien tri nhu6m mjiu sac iam linh; Chien tranh vdi nhflng chin thtfdng tinh thin ciia ngtfbi Ifnh khi trb ve.
Tir khda: Tieu thuylt, dtfdng dai. khuynh htfdng, hien thtfc, huyen ao, chien irarh, ngtfdi Ifnh, phu nff.
1. Md dau
De cap den van de huyen ao trong vdn hgc Viet Nam dtfdng dai. Cac gia Bfli Thanh Truyen trong cdng trtnh Yeu Id ki do trong vdn xudi duong dgi Viet Nam cho rang: "Yeu td kt do gib day khdng dbn thuan chi la cong cu nhan thffc, kham pha the gibi, mgt cai nhtn the gibi mang cfnh nghe thudt, hdn the nfla, nd dd trb Chdnh mpt thu phdp nghe thuat dac Iffc de van hgc lfch effc nam bat mgi bieu hien cua ddi sdng" [7;32]. Cdn trong eong trtnh Van di nhdn vd xti li chdt Uiu hiin thuc lii'u ihuyel Viil Nam duang dgi Irong boi cdnh ddi mdi vd heh nhdp quoc li, tac gia Bien Minh Dien cho ring: "Hien thffc - huyen do vbi tff each la mot phtfdng thffc hay but phdp trong vdn hgc dffdng dai Viet Nam ndi chung, trong tieu thuyet ndi neng tffng dffbc bim den nhieu - nhieu nhat trong thbi gian qua, ca iren phtfdng dien Ii ludn cung nhtf qua nghien cffu, phe binh cac tdc pham eu the [1;13]. Khi de cap tdi lieu thuylt VietNam dtfdng dai viet ve chien tranh cdcbng trinh Tidu thuyil ve chiin tranh trong vdn hoc Viil Nam sau 1975 - Nhting khuynh hudng vd su dd'i mdi nghi thugt, tac gia Nguyen Thi Thanh cho rang: "Sff gia lang yeu Id huyen thoai trong tieu thuylt vl chien tranh da cho thiy thai db ffng xfl iff do ciia nha van vbi hien thffc va tfnh chat nang ddng, sudng sa, chdi gibn cua the loai" [6; 155]. Trong bai v'\etNgudi ki'chuyin tuy thtic Irong Ndi buon chien tranh cua Bdo Ninh tac gia Cao Kim Lan nhan djnh: "Tieng ndi tff y thflc ve ban than minh, ve nhan vat va hien thtfc chien tranh vbi nhffng gdc nhin khung khiep, ve ttnh yeu vdi du cac cung
Ngay nhan bai: I5/I/20I6. Ngay nhan dang' 20/5/2016 Lien he- TnTtJngThi Kim Anh, e-mail: [email protected]
1
Trtfdng Thi Kim Anh Hi^idlii
bdc huyln ao va me mudi din mffc hoang dffdng cua lieu thuyet lao ra mot kenh giao ulp neng trong the gibi nghe thuat cua Bao Ninh" [5].
So vdi nhflng cong trinh tren thi eai mbi cua chflng tdi la mudn khai thac sau hdn khuynh htfdng hien thtfc huyen do dtfdc bieu hien qua cdi nhtn ve hien thffc chien tranh tac dpng true tiep tbi nhffng ngtfbi Ifnh ird vl sau chiln tranh cua Bao Ninh vbi Ndi budn^uen tranh va Chu I.ai vcii An may dt vdng. Chung tdi muon soi chilu chiln tranh bing noi dau nhan tinh hdn la ca ngpi, bdi VI dii la chien thing hay la chien bai thi cung deu cd nhflng mit mdi va dau Ihtfdng nhat djnh ma khdng gi bii dip noi.
2. Noi d u n g n g h i e n c i h i
2.1. Chien tranh v6i nhtfng cau chuyen ma quai va H ki nhudm m a u sac tam linh
Khi dpe Ndi buon chiin tranh, cam gidc dau lien dem den eho ngtfdi doc dd lii stf hai, riing rdn, cd phan ndo do xbt xa nfla. Ngay kbi vao nhffng trang vilt dau tien thi Bao Ninh da lam cho ngtfbi dgc phai "rung mtnh" bbi nhflng cau chuyen Ii kt dam chat huyln bf ve nhtfng cdnh ritng mil Kien dd dl qua trong thbi chlnh chiln eua anh. Nhffng kf fle ay den ttf giac mb cua Kien khi anh nhb den cai ngdy anh cung ddng dgl quay Iai trudng nfli "Ggi Hdn" de iim hai cdt si ltf ncfi day. Cau chuyen vl trudng nui "Goi Hon" bdt ddu gbi cho Kien nhb Iai nhiJng dieu ki la dam chat hoang dflbng kt ao nbi day tff viee "di dem d vung nity cd the nghe tbiy chim chdc khdc than nliif ngtfbi" roi den "cdc loai mdng nhudm mot mau dd de sb din vay, dd nhtf nhtfng iang thit rdng rong mau", roi nhflng "con dom ddm tht to kinh dj . quing sang dom ddm Idn tiiy cai mii coi, cb khi hdn" [3;12]. Chffa hin da bet, ngtfbi ta cbn bao rang buoi tdi cay coi b diiy "hda gigng vbi gid ren len nhflng ban nhac ma. Va khdng mgt ai cd the quen dffdc vi chdng gdc rffng nao, chang idi nao nhtf tdi nao" [3; 13]. Vii kit luan cho nhtfng ciiu chuyen ki la ndi day ngtfdi la cho rang: "cd le la nui Id rffng chff khdng phai con ngffdi da lam nay sinh ra b vung nay nhffng huyen thoai rung rdn, nhffng truyin thuylt man rd, nguyen chuy nhil ve cube thiln Cranh vfla qua" [3.13]
0 day ngtfdi ca cd the "trdng thay nhieu quai vdt long Id cd ca canh ldn vu vbi cdi duoi ki nhong keo lit va hg ngfli thay mui tanh mau iff chiing, nghe thiy chung giio ru va ca hat trong cac hang dgng tdi om b chan deo Thang Thien ben kia trudng Ggi Hbn. Nhieu ngtfbi da chfnh mai nom thay nhflng loan lfnh da den khong dau cbdi Irb rtfdc den d ven rflng. Song ddt biet rimg rbn la nhflng dcng ru man dai thtfbng cat len vao nhffng buoi Iinh mb mb mit mtfa giang lam tdi sam mai may nhflng ai ching may ma nghe phai" [3;2I]. Va lit cd nhflng dilu mdt thay lai nghe dd ho dieu
"quy thanh diem trbi canh bao mgt thbi tai hga, tham khdc va dim man" rdi bdt dau ho "ciing te vong linh dong dgi... xin hdn thieng phu hb anh em vtfbt vbng binh ltfa danh Iran rffa thii" [3;2l].
Ngtfdi Ifnh da nhtn thiy tan mil vo khdi sff hao huyen b nhflng cdnh rffng ho di qua. di kem vdi stf hao huyln dd la nhffng ldi tien tri dffdc dtf bao trtfbc trong noi sd hai vii bai an cua con ngifcd trtfbc "thbi bu6i dc nghiet... cudn di mat bao nhieu la con ngffbi" [3;66] Khdng sd, khbng lo ldng va bit an sao dtfdc khi ma Chu Lai trong An mdy di vdng da tran trui chi ra rang "Chien tranh..
nb la^cai gi neu khdng phai la ngdy nao ciing nhin thay ngffdi chet, ngay iiiu) cung clidn ngtfbi chet ma van chffa den Itfdt mtnh" [4;42].
Dieu dang budn la chien iranh da Iam cho con ngtfbi ching cdn lii con ngtfdi ntfa khi mil dong loai khdng nhdn ra ddng Ioai nffa, hg cho db la "con vtfbn", la "ma nui". la "cai bdng", la
"mgt hinh Chu ldm xdm Ibng la" chff khdng phdi la eon ngtfbi, kbi ma nhan ra dd lii "con ngtfbi"
thi hg trb nen sb hai, dau dbn cbo s6 phan mot kilp ngtfbi trong Chbi budi chicn uanh Trong hoi
Hien fhue chiin tranh Irung lieu thuyet Viit Nam dUOng dgi theo khuynh hudng hien thifc • huyin ch...
ffc cua Kien ve cugc chiln tranh dd qua, anh nhb Thjnh "eon" da bin chet "mgt con vtfdn rat to"
nhffng "lay Chua toi, den khi ngd nd ra, cao sach dtfbc bd long thi di gidi dil di, con vat hien nguyen hinh mgt mu dan ba beo xe, da sui lb nfla xam nffa trang heu, cap mil trbn ngffbc" [3;14].
Tai sao mgt con ngflbi Iai bien thanh "con vffdn", Chbi buoi chien Cranh Id day sao? Trong Cruyen ngan Ngudi sdt lgi riotg cudi cua Vb Thj Hao htnh anh "con vffbn" cung xuat hien: "htnh nhtf cd con vtfdn tring vffa nhdy tfl chbi eanh xudng va lan vao dam la. Ba ngtfbi lan ra, mdt ngtfbi chui vao bui duoi theo eon vtfdn", nhtfng anh dd bang hoang nhdn ra ring: "con vffdn trdng iy Iai la mgt ngtfbi con gai hoan loan Cran truong, tdc xoa, ve mat bd phb va dang ngfla cd ra sau ctfbi khanh khach" [1;92]. Va trong cudn nhat kf nhau nat cfla ngtfdi Ifnh khi chflng kiln canh niiy sau nay anh ta da viet: "Se khdng bao gid minh quen dfldc nhflng gt da Ihiy b Rflng Ctfbi. Cd le canh chet chdc cbn de chju hdn! 01! The la sau chin nam b chiln trtfbng, nay tbi da nhin thay d Rffng Cffdi cai meo md man dai eiia chien tranh" [1 ;95]. Bg mat chiln tranh la day sao? Nd "meo mb va man dai"
trong sff chffng kiln khflng khiep cua ngffbi lfnh khi nght vl than phan ngtfbi phu nfl trong ehiln tranh.
Ngoai viec chflng kien canh con ngtfbi bien thanh "con vtfdn", Kien cdn chffng kiln cdnh Ioai "ma nui" vdi nhflng tieng "hu" rflng rbn vang vgng khip ben kia truong nui Ggi Hon. Vao mbt hdm gan sang "rung minh Kien chdt tinh va anh nghe thiy tfl day giic chiem bao vfla tat mpt tieng hu dai, budn dau, ghe rdn khoan xoay qua anh, ngan vgng ten nhtf tieng vgng truyin gifla hai bb nui" [3;33]. Tiing "hu" dd cd phdi ta ma kbdng? Khbng, khdng pbai lii ma ma do Id tieng long ggi ban ttnh cua nhflng ddi trai gai yeu nhau, bbi vt moi ngfldi ndi day cho rang tieng "hu"
cat Ien iff ben kia nui dbi sang ben nay la "tiing hii eua loai ma nui, nhffng Kien thi bill ay la tiing ggi ttnh yen" [3;34], rdi "nghe that budn, the tham, nhffng Kien biel day Id lilng long, ngflbi nam ngffbi nfl ggi truyen theo vach nfli de lam biel nhau va de hen tfdc" [3;37] Cdu chuyen huyen bf ve tinh yeu thdi chien tranh la day. Vao nhffng dem Kien khong ngu dtfdc, Kien nghe lieng sgt soat nhflng bffbc chan dong dgi cua anh di tim loai "ma nui" ben kia nfli trd ve trai tim anh nhtf nghen lai "trflbc tieng ggi man sd, hoang da iy ciia ludi thanh xuan" [3;38]. Khdt vong linh yeu cua ngtfbi Iinh trong chien tranh la day Hg rbi Iang que vbi mgt tudi xudn day phbi phbi, ai eiing deu d tuoi ddi mtfdi vdi mgt thtfc the Iran day nhffa sdng, vbi mgt li ttfbng ludn sin sang chien diu hi sinh vi que htfdng dat ntfbc, nhtfng trong hg cung ludn khiit khao cd dffdc mbt tinh yeu chdn chi'nb, ehi ed dieu chien tranh cffbp di hit quyen nhu ciu cd nhan cua hg, bbi vt ehien tranh la "edi khdng dan dng, khbng dan ba, la the gidi tham sau vb cam va tff tuyet khiing khiep nhit cua ddng gidng con ngtfbi" [3;40].
Khbng chl c6 cau chuyen ve Ioai "ma nui" ma cbn cd Ioai "ma dm" - ngffbi Trieng ggi the.
Loai "ma dm" Iai cd tieng cffbi mbt each "Ru rtfdi. Sdng sac, vgng ra dtfbi ddi 300 ben bd sbng SaThiy" [3;117]. Tieng cffdi nghe rat tinh quai, ngtfbi la khdng biet dffdc la "quy rffng" hay con ngtfbi ctfbi, chi cd dieu khi nghe tiing ctfbi ai cung lanh chet ngffbi Cd mdt ngffbi trong to hai cdt cua Kien da Ian ve htfdng phat ra tiing cffdi tht gap mgt tup leu va "trtfbc cfla llu trong anh nhd nhem tdi thiy mbt htnh thu ldm xdm Idng Id, dung hbn la rdu tbe qua dai, cdi tran, tran iruong dang ngdi tren mgt than cay do nhtn thing ve cho bui cay tdi dang nup... Tbi bb lui. Hinh nhfl ed Iam dgng canh eay nen con ma dey hbn" [3;118]. Lai mbt tan nffa bp ggi db Iii "con ma". Id "bbng ma". Nhflng khong, khong phai ta "con ma" ma dd la mbt eon ngflbi bj hda dien trong chien tranb sdng in nap nbi rflng sau, dd la Tung dien. Ngtfbi ta bao rang d trong rflng cd nhflng mach suoi ma, neu ai uong phai tht se de hba dien nhtfng bac st trong trung doan bao Tung bj dien Id "do bj mgt vi6n bom bi lot vao nao" [3;119]. Kien dd tim den eai leu va hdi to "anh la ai?" nhtfng dap lai Ibi Kien la "mgt chudi kinh khung tieng cffbi sdn tdc gay .. Va dffbng nhtf khdng phai chi cd mgt gigng ctfbi. Ben dtfdi cai gigng khan khan lit mbt gigng run run nho nhb cffbi nffbng theo" "hg -
75
Trtfdng Thj Kim Anh
!J0 Iilll'^
nghTa la khdng pbai chi cd mpt cdi bdng, vut lao di bay biln va vb hinh vao trien cd tranh cao tiit dau" [3;I20]. Vd trong mdt phut ehdc ngffbi ta thiy trong bai gianh tiep giap rfl^ ire "hien ihodng ten chi trong tfch tic mpt bdng ma rach btfdm, uyen chuye'n va huyen bf, Itfdt ngang ludng dnh sang rdi mit hut di vbi mai lbc den dai xda bay Cdn mgt bbng ma nffa nhtfng do rap cui xudng chay nen chi id cho mgi ngtfbi vut thay mgt cai sdng ttfng den chdy nhtf Iffng vtfdn. Ao giac vii canh thilc dan xen lin vao nhau nhff hai vbng sbng giao thoa tren nen xanh tham t6i cua tham ntng" [3,121].
"Hg" nghia la trong tup leu nay khdng chi cd mgt tieng ctfbi ma la hai tieng ctfdi hai "cai bdng", mgt dan dng va mgt dan ba cung s6ng hanh phuc trong mbt tup leu vdi mot Ihe^bi ma chi hp mdi hieu nhau, chi cd rffng mbi hieu dffbc tai sao hit chiln Iranh rdi hg vin quay ve rtfng de an nup dtfbi mot hinh hai khae la vdi nhflng tiing effbi nghe man dai, tieng cffbi hay la tieng khdc, hay la nhflng tieng hd hu dien loan mit tri b hg. hay xa hdn la tiing keu tham khdc ciia loin "ma 6m' ve cuoc chiln iranh da di qua den nao long.
2.2. Chiin tranh v6i nhtfng am anh khi ngtfbi h'nh trif ve
Dl ra khbi cudc chiln tranh, Kien la ngffdi may man sdng sdt tbi ngiiy hba binh nhtfng cdng iff day bit dau kiep sdng vdi nhflng thang ngiiy u budn cua thbi bau ehien. Nbi am anh ciia Kien bat diu sau mbt nam sau ehiln tranh khi anh gia nhap ddi quan dl ttm hai cdt, di tim nhiing ngudi ddng ddi cua anh, di tim mdt thbi da qua, cdi thbi ma sau nay Iudn am anh vao ca giiic md cua anh.
Kien bao rang: "Tfl dao ve dgi hai cdt dem nao cung hoang loan vi mdng" [3;51], nhal la ttf khi anh trd Iai trudng nui Ggi Hon lbi trong giac md, nhflng cdn u b hoang loan cua anh cd "Du loai Linh cu. Linb mdi. Linh stf 10, stf 2, quan tinh dgi, quan ed ddng 320, doan 559. Thinh thoang co ea cac "mgng" tbe dai... Ddi khi chen vao vdi anh nguy" [3;51]. Cube sdng cua Kien tir ngay Ird ve sau chiln tranh la ehudi ngay vdi nhffng ki flc dau bu6n, vbi Kien tffbng lai la mgi cai gi do xa mb va Idm l6i, cube s6ng hien tai cua Kien biiy gib chi cbn lai nhffng bdi ffc dau thuong cua chien Iranh. Anh ludn nght rang: "chut Ibng lin va long ham s6ng cbn lai trong tbi khbng phai do nhtfng do ttfdng mil la nhd sffc manb cua nhflng hoi ttfbng" [3,59] Kien may man s6ng sdt trb ve vbi mot Ihan the lanh tan, dd cd the la mdt dieu kt dieu ddi vdi ngtfbi linh nhtfng dau ai biei dtfdc rang nhflng ngiiy thang sdng irong hda binh cdn dau kho hdn ddi vdi Kien, vt anh Iuon bi ani anh bbi sil khoe liet eua ehien tranh - nbi ma nhan tfnh va tinh ngtfdi bi phd buy mot each ehang ihtfdng liec, ndi chf ed long thu ban chodng ngdp ca lam hdn eon ngtfdi, vi the ed the nbi chien tranh lii mot cai gt dd phi li va khoe liet nhit doi vbi eon ngtfdi. Ndi am anh ve chiln tranh khdng phai chf keo dai mpt dem, mpl ngay hay mdt thang, mdc nam irong Ibng Kien, ma ndi dm anh dd keo diii nam nay het nam khdc, cd the hit ca cube dbi cdn Iai cua anh.
Nhflng dem mgng mj hoang loan giffa tranh tdi tranh sang, gifla qud khff vii hicn tai ctf iia ve trong Kien, nbi khung khiep bdi nhffng am thanh cua tieng sflng, tieng may ba\'. phdo dan trong chien tranh cff bam riet lay anh, "cd dem anh giat minh thflc diiy nghe tieng quat Iran hda thanh tieng ru rft rdn gay cua trtfe thang vu trang" rdi trong anh nhtf "san sang nhap than trb lai vdi canh Ifla, canh mau, nhffng eanh chem giet eudng dai, meo xech tam hdn va nhan dang Thdi hieu sat, Mau hung tan. Tdm If thii rflng. Y chf tdi tdm va long da gd dd" [3;59]. Trong cdn mdng mi hoang loan vdi nhflng kf fle khung khilp cua ehien tranh Kien iffdng tffbng "khbng khi irong can phdng nay khi diy that kt la, nhtf the bj biit vao tffdng hap dan ciia qua khfl: cung ren len, xd giai, dap thtnh thinh vt sdng xung kich eua hang tram trai dan phao ddi cip tdp xudng long truong Goi Hon Va ttfbng vach cdn phdng ram rim rung len Crong Cilng dgng eb may bay bo nhao Kien gidt minh baUiii khbi cffa sd" [3;103] Va khi dd "anh cd cam giac gidng nhtf khi bj thtfbng mat nhieu mau, ngat dl, vita hdi tfnh tai ngay tren bai chien trtfbng. The gibi trffbc mit anh co hd da ddi khac"
[3,104]. Tdt ca nhtf keo anh ve vdi cudc ehien ndm xtfa, de rdi khi "Kien choang tinh bit gap minh 76
nien ihuc chiin tranh trong lieu thuyet Viet Nam duung dai theo khuynh hUdng hien ihifc - huyin at)...
khongy phai dang b tren gitfbng ma vat vd, dui dg dtfbi san nha ntfbc mdi tfbi mat, run Ien vt lanh, vi khiep dam, vi te dai trong Idng mbt niem Chffbng than nao niing va vd duyen cb" [3;86]. Nhffng dm anh tfl dbi ndo dbi nao trong chien tranh nhflng tffbng rang da ngu yen tff lau nhffng dffdng nhff co mbt phep mau ma quai nao do hiia nhau thffc day ca lam cho lam hdn Kien "mdi ngay mdt them hoang phe, tranh tdi tranh sang, vat vb todn nhflng hdn ma bdng quy" [3;86].
Khdng chi am anh bbi cdnh chem giet, chet chdc, bdi nhffng am chanh rung rdn ndi chien tran ma Kien cbn mgc am anh khac, dd la mdi ttnh gifla anh va Phtfbng trtfbc them chiln tranh Hda binb trb vl anh gap Phtfbng, ngffbi con gai anh yeu trtfdc khi gia nhap quan ngii, cff nght rdng Phtfbng se keo vbi cube dbi edn lai cfla anh nhtfng Phtfdng dit khbng the vd cb da ra di vbi mdt ngtfbi dan bng khac, bb Iai anh trong noi co dbn va tuyet vong Vi sao Iai nhtf viiy? Phai chdng vdi Kien "manh ddt cbn Iai sau mtfbi nam bj lffa dan eiia chien tranh vim xe lai bi mdng vudt cua ttnh yeu xeo nat" [3;10t]. Kf ffc ve chuyen tau dinh menh nam xtfa chang buong tha cho anh va Phtfdng. Kien nhd Iai doan tau chiln tranh ndm ay vbi mpl nbi niem dau xbt cho ca anh va Phtfdng, ehfnh doan tau dau thtfdng dd da giup anh nhan ra ring "chiln tranh trong phut ehdc da khbng nhtf anh ttfbng. Noi dau dau tien trong dbi Iinh, hau nhff mb hd, hiu nhtf khdng eb that, bdm rill lay Kien" [3;240]. Tren doan lau chien tranh ay trong phut choc nhffng ke man rdn dd ctfdp di dbi con giii cfla Phtfdng, cffbp di ttnh yeu trong trdng giffa anh va Phtfbng, ke cff dity cudc dbi ciia anh va Phtfdng Crd thanh hai ldi re khac nhau, anh cd cude chien cua anh, cdn Phtfdng cb cube ddi rieng Clia cd. Dllu cdn lai trong anh bay gib khi nghi vl doan tau djnh menh nam dy chi "ed noi budn, menh mang noi buon - ndi budn chiln tranh" [3;257].
Khbng chi cd Kien, nhan vat Hai Hung trong An mdy di vdng ciia Chu Lai cung bi am anh bdi chien tranh. Ndi am anh ldn nhit trong cudc dbi cua Hai Hiing khi crb ve sau chien tranh dd la cai ehet cua ngtfbi con gai anh yeu cd ten la Ba Stfdng. Cdi ngay Hai Hung trb Iai mien Tdy, di dm mgt cdi gt dd cua thbi dt vang da xa tht vo tinh anh da nghe dtfgc am thanh mbt giong noi ma each dd gin hai chuc nam trtfdc nd ric ddi quen thudc ddi vdi anh, dd Id gigng ndi cua Ba Sffdng. Nhtfng trong sau Iham tam hdn anb Iudn khang dinh rang, "cd ay chet b mien Dbng, ddy Iai Id chot cung mien Tay, hdn ma bdng qui cd vat vb thi ndi am phu lay dau ra phtfdng cien hien dai nhff kieu cdi Toyota cua thing cha Quan de vat vb xa xdi den thi. Vd van! Ldo toet! Chet roi. Chon roi. Chi'nh tay mtnh ctfdp xac rdi cung chi'nh tay minh chbn chff ai chdn ma cbn am anh benh hoan?" [4; 18].
The nhffng Hai Hung dau biet dffbc rang cudc ddi Ba Sffbng trong chien tranh va sau chien tranh la mgt sff "ddi trdng thay den", vi ten ggi Ba Sffbng bay gib khbng cbn nfla ma bay gib la Tff Lan - mpt giam doc sd nong nghiep.
Ket thuc chien tranh Hai Hung trd ve que nha va ciing lay vb xay dffng td am gia dtnh nhfl bao nhieu ngffdi lfnh khdc nhffng oaf am thay cai nhat cat ttnh yeu nam xtfa ndi chiln trtfdng ludn bao quanh phu kfn lay tam trang anh, anh khdng the nao thoat ra khdi cdi dtf dm ve mdt budi sang djnh menh gifla anh va Ba Stfdng nam iy. De roi cugc sdng cbn Iai cua anh bay gib la: "khong vd, khdng con, khbng tffbng Iai, khbng hien tai, khdng cac bac dfnh tui, chi cd manh qua khff phap phdng dap trong long ngffc. . Tbi la ke khbng cbn gi de mil ma lai dang di ttm cai de cdn" [4;54].
Diing la Hai Hflng khdng con gt de mat nhffng lai di tim cai de cdn - dd Id sff that ve cdi chet nam xfla. Bbi vt sau cai dem nghe gigng ndi ngtfdi dan ba cd ten ma hien tai mpi ngtfbi vin thffdng gpi la Tff Lan kia trong eon ngtfbi Hai Hiing "bdng trd thanh am anh. Cai am itnh ve ngffbi dan ba chet bong lot xac thanh ba Giam ddc sd" [4;51]. Nhflng ki niem dau budn cfl ldn vbn trong long anh khi trb lai "bffng bien" quen thugc nam xtfa, cugc dbi xo day de anh gdp tai ngtfbi phu nfl nam xtfa anh yeu, dd la djnh menh gifla hai ngtfdi chang hay db chi la Crd diia ciia cude dbi danh cho anh va Ba Sffbng cua qua khff va Ttf Lan eua ngay hom nay
Khi di tim lai qua khfl de biet dflbc lieu Tff Lan bay gib cd phai Id Ba Sffbng ngay xffa cua
Trtfdng Thi Kim Anh
anh khbng thi trong Ibng Hai Hung luon ndy sinb nbieu mau thuan. Anh ta nght rang "neu diing cd i y khdng chet tht tdi se dtfdc cffu rdi. Cdn cd ay dung la chet that rdi thi tdi se tilp tuc hi am anh nhtf da tffng bj dm anh vi chinh tbi, dii cd bien minh the nao di chdng nffa, cung la ke phan ldn gay nen cdi chet i y " [4;93]. Khi Hai Hung ttm den Tuan, ngffbi ddng dpi da tffng cirng anh cffbp xdc Ba Sffdng ngay sau khi cb ay bi giat gilt chet anh da ludn Io sd neu nhtf nd bao to ay da chet nhtfng cung "cang lo sd khi nd ndi cb ay cdn sdng" [4; 157]. Nhtfng mdi dang khac ihi Hai Hiing ludn khang djnb vdi chi'nh minh rang: "rb rang eb i y chet roi, chet ngay trtfbc miit tdi, chinh tay tbi da cffdp xdc va chon cat cd ma?" [4;91]. Tht ra cang di ttm kiem bao nhieu thi trong long anh cang ndi ten nhilu noi giang xe bay nhieu khbng biet dau la sff that, dau tii stf ddi trd lfla loc cua ngffbi dbi. Mdt nfla tht anh mong cai chet nam xtfa Id that, nhffng mdi ntfa thi anh lai mong rang db khdng phai lii stf that, rang Ba Sffdng van cdn sdng, de liim hdn anh dtfdc cflu rdi khdi noi dau ma bao nhieu nam qua anh eho rang tai anh ma cb i y chet. Anh dd trd lai que htfdng, ndi Ba Sffbng sinh ra va ldn ten de ttm nhtfng "d day khong ai biet them gi ve Stfdng ngoai stf hi sinh ciTc kt anh dflng dii dtfbc ghi vao sff doan, sff Dang hom dd" [4; 165], va ngtfdi ddn ndi day cdn khang dinh: "ehung tdi da ttm kilm, da bdc edt, da dtfa ve nghta trang, da lam diing ihii cue, da cho vao danh sdch" [4;164]. Ba Stfdng dd chet that rdi sao hay dtfdi nam md kia chi la mgt cai xdc khac thay the co ay chfl kbdng phdi lii cb ay. Khi Hai Hung ttm lin ra nghTa trang, ndi cd hang ngan liet sT anh dung nga xudng trong ehien tranh da nam lai ndi day, ndi cd dbng dbi ciia anh nam xua yen nghi ndi day, trong bdng tdi nhat nhba cat Ihl gidi vd htnh va hflu hinh ciia ngtfbi chet anh chi thay nhflng cai bdng ciia ddng dgi anh ndm xtfa dudi theo anh, vay bua anh nao la "cai bdng cua Vien" rdi den "cdi bdng Bdo". "cai bdng ciia Khien", vay cai bdng cfla ngtfbi con gdi anh yeu nam xffa dau sao chang thay mii ehi thiy mdt n i m md cd ghi ten "Pham Thj Thanh Stfdng" Tdm bia da giong nhtf mbt stf treu ngtfdi phu phimg, that htf, ndng lanh dan xen ke trong con ngtfbi anh nhifng
"du sao dtfbi dd, dtfbi tam bia cam lang nay cung cd mgt nffa, mbt nfla stf that vii ca mdt dbi Iran mac cua tdi trong dd" [4;170].
Mbt noi niem an uat day len trong Hai Hflng khi biet dtfdc co stf ton lai ciia mgi nam mo co ten la Sffdng, nhffng dl cimg vdi dd lai la sff tdn tai hien gib cua Tff Lan. Gia nhtf budi sdng nam xtfa khi bj dich vdy rap tren ham bf mat cua hat ngtfbi thi anh nen day ed ay len trtfdc chff khdng phai anb nhiiy len trtfdc rdi cff the ma vflng ehay phd mae cbo cb i y b dang sau de rdi bi dich vay bat. Rdi cbn "gia nhff... Vang, ca cai gia nhfl ba dem sau Idy dtfgc xdc, tdi tinh iri vtfdl qua cai mac ciim sb hai tdi te de nhin ky vao mat em, vao ban Cay thieu ngdn cua em thi gib day. ibi dau cd den noi long da phai ngtfbc xuoi chia nffa ben m d e m ! Md em hay mg c u a . . . " [4.1 70 -171]. Va khi da ttm ra dffbc stf that la ngtfbi nam dtfbi nam md kia la Hai Hbi, chi em bp vdi Ba Stfdng chfl khong phai la Ba Stfbng, cbn Tff Lan bay gid mbi ehfnh Id Ba Stfdng, anh nhff ebi bd dtfdc ganh ndng cai qua khfl ma anh luon bj dm dnh sau chiln tranh: "nhtf the em khbng chet. Tflc lii tbi khdng gilt em, toi vd tgi, tbi trang an trong tba dn Itfdng tam" [4;253]. Anh da trdng an trong tda an Itfdng tdm cua minh nhtfng dtfbng nhtf anh nhan ra mgt dieu rdng bay gib lit cii mdi het thai stf "het qua khii, het_^nhflng nam thang Iran mac kho ma vui, hit tinh yeu, ttnh ddng dpi va ca tinh ddng chf. Het nhan! Ttfu trung mpi sff chf la trd diia cua quy" [4;258]. Sau cdi chien t h i n g oai hiing nay, dtfdng nhtf mdi ngtfbi Iinh trd ve deu mang trong minh mot nbi dau rieng. khdng chi cd Kien, Hai Hiing ma cdn cb ca nhflng ngtfbi linh khdc nfla.
3. Ket luan
Du rang cube chien tranh da lui xa vao dT vang nhffng nhffng tan dtf cua no dc lai cho con ngtfbi tht khong bao gib xda het dtfbc. Va khi viet ve chien tranh vbi mdi phtfdng ihffc mbi dtfa tren nhflng hoi flc dang xen cua ehinh nhffng ngtfbi lfnh trd ve lfl Ctfdc chien thi bd mat cua chien
Hien ihuc ehien iranh trung liiu thuyit Viet Nam dUOng dgi iheo khuynh huffng hien thUc - huyen do...
tranh hien ten cang rd net va chan thtfc hdn bao gib. Tff nhflng ciiu chuyen dam chat huyen thoai cd mpt chut gt dd nhudm mau sic lam Iinh b nhffng cdnh rflng tffng phai hflng chju hang tan bom dan dgi xuong mdi ngay, rdi den nhflng eau chuyen ttnh yeu cua nhffng ngffbi trong cube, nhflng thay doi cfla con ngtfbi trtfbc chien tranh, trong ehiln tranh va sau chiln tranh nhff thi nao diu hien rd tren tffng trang viet cfla cac nha van. Qua tffng trang viet chflng ta cang thiu hieu hbn ve noi tran trb trong qua trinh nban thflc ve qua khfl, ve cudc chiln tranh, vl nhflng gi dffdc va mat cua Cdn ngffbi trong cugc chien b Bao Ninh va Chu Lai. Day dffbc xem nhfl ta mgt bffdc tiln tren con dffdng hien dai hda tieu thuylt Viet Nam dffdng dai thbi kt hbi nhdp, d db nha vdn dflbc ndng eao vai trd chu the sang tao ciia minh mdt cdch triet de. Vi Che du viet ve chien tranh, ve nhffng mat mat dau thffbng cua con ngfldi nhflng b Ndi buon chiin tranh cua Bao Ninh va An mdy di vdng cua Chu Lai lai la tieng ndi phan khdng ehien tranh mgt each manh me nhil.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Doan Anh Dtfbng, 2014. Truyin ngan dgc sac Viil Nam tti 1986 din nay (Tuyen chgn va gidi thieu). Nxb Phu nff.
[2] Bien Minh Dien, 2015. Vdn di nhgn vd xti li chdt lieu hien thuc lii'u thuyil Viii Nam duang dgi trong boi cdnh ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp quoc li. Tap chf Khoa hgc Dai hgc Sai Gdn (Sb 1), tr.5-17.
[3] Bao Ninh, 2011 Ndi buon chiin tranh. Nxb Tre.
[4] ChuLai, 2013. An may df vang. Nxb Van hgc.
[5] Cao Kim Lan. NgUdi ke chuyin tu y thffc trong Noi budn chien tranh cua Bdo Ninh.
http.//vanhocquenha.vn/.
[6] Nguyen Thj Thanh, 2012. Tieu ihuyel vi chiin tranh trong vdn hgc Viit Nam sau 1975 - Nhting khuynh hudng vd sU ddi mdi nghi thudt. Luan an Tien sT Ngfl van, Trtfdng Dai hgc Stf pham Ha Ngi.
[7] Bui Thanh Truyen, 2014. Yiu td ki do trong vdn xuoi dUcfng dai Viel Nam. Nxb Van hpe.
ABSTRACT
The tendency war in Vietnam contemporary novels about tendency magic realism in The Sorrow of War by Bao Ninh and Bum past of Chu Lai
The contents of the article refers to a tendency to write new in Vietnam contemporary novels, especially novels written on the subject of war, there is a tendency magic realism. The article mentions two works deep to typical methods of this writing is The Sorrow of War by Bao Ninh and Bum past of Chu Lai. With these two works, we mainly go exploited three basic aspects to write about war-oriented magic realism, that is: War with thrilling stories and prophecies color tinged spirituality; War with the mental trauma of soldiers when they return.
Keywords: Fiction, contemporary, trend, realism, fantasy, war, soldiers, women.
