DANH GIA K i T QUA GIAM SAT VAT CHU BENH DjCH HACH TAI OAK LAK VA GIA LAI NAM 2010
Nguyin Le Manh Hiing, Pham Cong Tien, Phan Dinh Thuan, Tran Lang Vien Vi sinh Dich ti Tay Nguyin
TOM TAT
Trong nam 2010 chung tdi da t i l n hanh nghien CLPU, giam sat vat chu benh dich hach tai hai tinh Oak Lak va Gia Lai. Phu'ang phap dieu tra mo ta c l t ngang, dua theo thudng quy gi^m sat va phong, chong benh dich hach" cua B6 Y T l . K i t qua cho t h i y tai tinh Dak Lak cd thanh phan loai v$t chu la chuot l i t (Rattus exulans) 80,82% v^ chuot chii {Suncus murinus) 19,18%. Tai tinh Gia Lai cd thanh phan loai vat chu la chuOt l i t (Rattus exulans) 28,57%, chupt chij (Suncus murinus) 64,29% va chugt bong (Rattus nitidus) 7,14%. Tai xa Ea'Hiao vao th^ng 11 co chi s6 phong phu cao n h l t Id 9% va tgi xa lapet vao thang 07 co chf s6 phong phu thap n h l t la 2,66%.
I. DAT VAN DE
Djch hach la mgt benh truyen nhiem tdi nguy hilm, tiln triln cap tinh, lay lan manh vdi ty le tu vong cao, dugc xIp vao dien phai kilm djch va khai bao qudc te. Benh do true khuin Yersinia pestis gay ra, luu hanh trong quan the dgng vat thudc nhung loai gam nham chii yeu la chugt, tir do benh lay truyen sang ngudi qua trung gian bg chet nhiem khuan [1]. Tai mgt so nude tren thi gidi da tirng cd benh djch hach dugc ghi nhan cho den nay thi cac loai thudc bg gam nhim (Rodentia), trong dd hg chugt (Mu- ridae) ddng vai trd chii yeu la vat chu chinh. d Viet Nam vat chu ciia benh djch hach cung chii yeu la cac loai chugt, hg chugt cd 43 loai phan bd tren toan lanh tho, trong dd nhieu loai chugt mang mam benh va truyen cho con ngudi thdng qua cac loai bg chet nhu la Xenopsylla cheopis.
Tai khu vyc Tay Nguyen, thanh phan vat chii benh djch hach trong nhieu nam qua chu yeu la
chugt lat (Rattus exulans), chugt chii hay edn ggi la chugt xa (Suncus murinus). chugt bdng (Rattus nitidus).[2],[i]
Trong cdng tac phdng, chdng benh djch hach, viec giam sat djnh ky vat chu djch hach la rat quan trgng. Vi the nghien ciiu nay nham danh gia cdng tac giam sat vat chii benh djch hach tai hai tinh Dak Lak va Gia Lai thugc khu vuc Tay Nguyen trong nam 2010 vdi ba muc tieu cu the sau:
Xae djnh thanh phan loai vat chu djch hach tai dja diem giam sat.
- Danh gia chi sd phong phu cua vat chu djch hach tai dja diem giam sat.
Xae djnh ty le nhiem bg chet eiia vat chu djch hach tai dja diem giam sat.
II. PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 2.1. Dia diem nghien curu
Tai tinh Dak Lak: Xa Ea'Hiao, huyen Fa H'leo va Budn Tuor, xa Hda Phii.
Tac gia: Nguyen Le Manh Hiing
Dja chi: Vien Ve sinh Djch te Tay Nguyen, 59 Hai Ba Trung, TP. Budn Ma Thudt, Tinh Dak Lak.
Dien thoai: 0905 411 832
Email: Iehungnguyen80(§yahoo.eom
174
Tap chi Y hpc dy phong. Tap XXI, sd 3 (121)Tai tinh Gia Lai: Thdn 10 va Almoi, xa Eapet, huyen Dak Doa.
2.2. Thdi gian nghien curu
Giam sat djnh ky thdi gian theo tirng quy trong nam 2010.
2.3. Doi tugng nghien curu
Tat ca cac loai gam nham thu thap dugc trong qua trinh dieu tra.
Tdng sd cac loai bg chet thu thap dugc
tren cac loai gam nham.
2.4. Phvong phap nghien curu
Phuong phap nghien ciin: Md ta cit ngang.
Giam sat vat chu va vec to djch hach theo "Thudng quy giam sat va phdng, chdng benh djch hach" ban hanh kem theo quylt djnh sd 33/2003/QD-BYT ngay 07 thang 01 nam 2003 cua Bd Y T | . [ 4 ]
III. KET QUA
3.1. Ket qua giam sat vat chu dich hach tai tinh Dak Lak nam 2010
Bang 1. Thanh phin loai vat chu
STT 01 02
Thanh phin loai v^it chu Rattus exulans (Chugt lit)
Suncus murinus (ChuOt chti) Ting s6
Ting so 59 14 73
Ty l# % 80,82 19,18 100
Kit qua giam sat tai hai dilm nghien ciru loai vat chu thu thap dugc chii yeu la chugt lat la xa Ea'Hiao, huyen Ea H'leo va Budn Tudr, (Rattus exulans) 80,82% va chugt chii (Suncus xa Hda Phu, thanh phd Budn Ma Thudt, tinh murinus) 19,18%.
Dak Lak trong nam 2010 cho thiy thanh phin
Bang 2. Cac chi sd giam sat cua vat chu
Thdi gian
03/2010 06/2010 08/2010 08/2010 11/2010
Trung
Dja dilm
Ea'Hiao Ea'Hiao Ea'Hiao Budn Tudr
Ea'Hiao binh
Thanh phin loai R. exulans
12 12 11 12 12 12
S. murinus 0 04 02 02 06 03
CSPP%
04 5,33 6,50 07 09 6,37
Tyl#
nhiem BC%
33,33 50,00 53,84 57,14 38,88 46,63
(CSPP%: Chi sd phong phu)
(Ty I? nhilm BC%: Ty If nhiem bg chet)
Tap chi Y hpc dy phong, Tap XXI, sd3 (121)
175
Tai diem giam sat Budn Tudr vao thang dugc coi la bao ddng) [3]. Cung tai tai diem 8 ed chi sd phong phii la 7% va xa Ea'Hiao giam sat Budn Tudr vao thang 8 cd ty le nhiem vao thang 11 cd chi so phong phii la 9 (Theo bg chet la 57,14% va xa Ea'Hiao la 53,84% ca Td chire Y te The Gidi chi sd phong phii > 7% hai ty le nay diu cao.
3.2. Ket qua giam sat vat chu dich hach tai tinh Gia Lai nam 2010
Bang 3. Thanh phin loai vat chu
STT Thanh phin loai v|t chu Tong sd Ty le %
01 Rattus exulans (Chugt lat) 02 Suncus murinus (Chugt chii) 03 Rattus nitidus (Chugt bdng)
08 18 02
28,57 64,29 7,14
Tong sd 28 100
Ket qua giam sat tai diem nghien ciiru la xa lapet, huyen Dak Doa, tinh Gia Lai trong nam 2010 cho thay thanh phan loai vat chii thu
thap dugc chu yeu la chugt chii (Suncus muri- nus) 64,29%, chugt lit (Rattus exulans) 28,57%
va chugt bdng (Rattus nitidus) 7,14%.
Bang 4. Cac chi sd giam sat cua v|lt chu
Thdi gian
04/2010 07/2010 09/2010 Trung binh
Oja dilm
Xa lapet Xa lapet Xa lapet
R. exulans 01 01 06 02
Thanh phin loai S. murinus
02 07 09 06
R. nitidus
0 0 02 01
CSPP%
03 2,66 4,25 3,30
Tyle nhilm BC%
100 0 23,53 41,18
(CSPP%: Chi sd phong phu)
(Ty le nhiem BC%: Ty le nhiem bg chet) Tai ba thdi diem giam sat d xa lapet, chi sd phong phu ciia vat chu deu d gidi han cho phep la < 7%. Tai diem giam sat vao thing 4 cd ty le nhiem bg chet cua vat chii la 100%, tuy nhien do sd lugng vat chu thu thap dugc tai thdi diem nay qua it vi the khdng the dua
ra nhan xet ve nguy co tai phat benh. Tai thdi diem giam sat dau miia mua la thang 7 cd ty le nhiem bg chet ciia vat chii la 0%, nguyen nhan cung cd thi la sd lugng vat chu thu thap qua it va day cung la thdi gian bg chet sinh san khdng manh trong nam.
176
Tap chi Y hpc dy phdng. Tap XXI, sd 3 (121)IV. BAN LU^iN
Qua ket qua giam sat djnh ky vat chu djch hach tai hai tinh Dak Lak va Gia Lai trong nam 2010 cho thay su biep dgng vl chi sd phong phu va ty le nhiem bg chet cua vat chu djch hach la tuong ddi Idn va khd dy doan. Do vay cin tiep tuc giam sat djnh ky vat chii benh djch hach theo tan suat cao hon tai cac diem cd nguy CO tai phat benh trd lai. Neu cd dilu kien cin thiet phai md rgng mgt sd diem giam sat mdi nhu la cac d djch cu, cac diem hoang dai va ban hoang dai nham thu thap them sd loai cung nhu so lugng vat chii djch hach phuc vu cho cdng tac nghien ciru, giam sat va phdng, chdng benh djch hach d khu vyc Tay Nguyen.
V KET LUAN
Qua nghien ciiu, giam sat vat chu djch hach tai hai tinh Dak Lak va Gia Lai trong nam 2010 cd ket qua nhu sau:
Tai tinh Dak Lak ed thanh phin loai vat chii la chugt lit (Rattus exulans) 80,82% va chugt chii (Suncus murinus) 19,18%.
T?ii tin'h Gia Lai cd thanh phin loai vat chii la chugt lit (Rattus exulans) 28,57%, chugt chii (Suncus murinus) 64,29% va chugt bdng (Rattus nitidus) 7,14%).
Tai xa Ea'Hiao vao thang 11 cd chi
sd phong phii cao nhat la 9% va tai xa lapet vao thang 07 cd chi sd phong phu thip nhit la 2,66%.
Tai xa lapet vao thang 4 cd ty le nhiem bg chet cao nhit la 100% va thip nhit vao thang 7 la 0%, tuy nhien sd lugng vat ehii thu thap dugc d hai diem giam sat nay la rat it nen cac chi sd tren khdng thyc su cd y nghTa djch te hgc.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Tang Am, Cao Minh Tan, Nguyen Duy Thanh, Benh dich hgch: Dich te hoc vd ldm sdng. Ha Ngi: Nha Xuat ban Y hgc:
1982, trang 0 3 - 0 5 .
2. Dang Tuan Dat, Pham Van Hau va cs, Mgt so nhan xet ve djch te hgc, giam sat va phdng chdng djch hach d Viet Nam tir 1991 din 2000, Tap chi Y hgc Du phdng 2002;54(3); trang 56 - 60.
3. World Health Organization, Plague Manu- al: Epidemiology, Distribution. Surveillance and Control, WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/99.2;
Page 135-153.
4. Bd Y tl, Thuongquygidmsdtvdphdng, chong benh dich hgch. Ban hanh kem theo quylt djnh sd 33/2003/QD-BYT ngay 07 thang 01 nam 2003 ciia Bg Y TI, frang 86 - 88.
Tap chi Y hpc dy phong. Tap XXI, sd 3 (121) 177
ASSESSING THE RESULTS OF MONITORING HOSTS OF PLAGUE IN DAK LAK AND GIA LAI IN 2010
Nguyen Le Manh Hung, Pham Cong Tien, Phan Dinh Thuan, Tran Lang Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene of Tay Nguyen
In 2010 we have studied and monirored the hosts of plague in Dak Lak and Gia Lai.
The method described cross-sectional survey, based on "Routine monitoring and prevention of plague" of the Ministry of Health. Results showed that in Dak Lak province with a host species are the mouse Pacific Rat (Rattus exu- lans) 80.82%, and Asian House Shrew (Suncus
murinus) 19.18%. In Gia Lai province with a host species are the mouse Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans) 28.57%, Asian House Shrew (Suncus murinus) 64.29%, and the mouse Himalayan Rat (Rattus nitidus) 7.14%. In November com- mune Ea'Hiao has the highest abundance in- dex is 9% and in July commune lapet has the lowest abundance index is 2.66%.
