Tap chi Khoa hpc va Phat trjgn 2010: Tap 8, s6 6: 890 - 899 TRU'ONG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA N Q I
KET QUA CHON TAO GIONG NGO NEP LAI {Z£A/IfAYSCEMl\m KALESH) GIAI DOAN 2005 - 2010 TAI TRlTOfNG DAI HOC NONG NGHIEP HA NQI
Initial Results of W a x y Corn Breeding at Hanoi University of Agriculture during 2005-2010 Period
Nguyen The Hung', Nguyen Thien Huyen', Nguyen Van Loc', Bui Manh Cuong^
'Khoa Nong hgc- Tnrdng Dgi hgc Nong nghiep Ha Npi
^ Dp mon Cong nghe sinh hgc - Vien Nghien cuv Ngo quoc gia Dia chi email tac gia lien lac: nv/[email protected]
TOM TAT
Dipa tren cac dac d i i m nong sinh hoc va nang su^t cua 64 ngudn vat lieu ngo ndp co ngudn goc tip cac vung dja ly khac nhau (miln BSC Viet Nam, Lao) tU nam 2005 - 2008, 22 nguon vat lieu u'u tu du'ac tuyin chon d l danh gia da dang di truydn phan nhom u'u t h i lai phuc vu cho cong tac chon tao gidng. K i t qua phan tich da dang di truyln phan nhom u'u t h i lai cho thiy, a he s6 tu-cng ddng di t r u y l n la 0,38, cac ngudn vat lieu ngo n i p chia lam 6 nhom chinh: nhom I chi cd mot ngudn vat lieu duy nhat la W10; nhom II chi CO mot ngudn vat lieu la W16, nhom III gdm 8 ngudn vat lieu: W3, W5, W22, W21, W8, W9, W12, W18;
nhom IV gdm 4 nguon vat lieu: W2, W15, W20, W17; nhom V gom 5 ngudn vat lieu: W4, W6, W7, W11, W13;
nhom VI gdm 3 n g u i n vat lieu: W1, W14, W19. K i t qua danh gia cac t6 hp'p lai da k i t luan du'p'c cac cap lai W1 X W16, W1 X W9, W1 X W2 CO cac dac d i l m hinh thai dep, nang suat, c h i t lu'p'ng cao. T6 ho-p lai W1 x W16 CO nang s u i t cao nhat dat 53,33 ta/ha, cao hcyn so vd'i g i l n g doi chipng l\/IX4 va hai td hp'p lai W1 x W9 (41,Ota/ha), W1 x W2 (39,1 ta/ha) co nang suattuxyng du'O'ng vd'i d l i chipng (41,9).
Tip khoa: Da dang di truyen, lai ket hp'p, ngo nep.
SUMMARY
Based on the observation of agronomic and yield characteristics of 64 waxy corn materials having different geographical origins (northern Vietnam and Laos) from 2005 to 2008, 22 superior accessions were selected to evaluate their genetic diversity and classify into heterotic groups. The coefficient of genetic similarity among these accessions is 0.38. They are divided into six groups: Group I consists only of W 10; group II consists of W 16; group III consists of W3, W5, W22, W21, W8, W9, W12, W18;
group IV consists of W2, W15, W20, W17; group V consists of W4, W6, W7, W11, W13; and group VI consists W1, W14, W19. The evaluation of hybrid revealed that three hybrid W1XW16, W1xW9, and W1xW2 have good morphological characteristics, high yield and quality. The hybrid W1 x W16 produced dry yield (53.3quintal ha"') significantly higher than the check varietyMX4 (41.9 quintal ha"').
Key words: Genetical diversity, hybrid comLinations, waxy corn.
1. D A I VAN UE j^gQ du'dng, ne'p lai eho nang suat cao va chat NhUng nam gin day, nhu ciu tieu thu cac lupng to't da dUdc tad ra (Le Quy Kha, 2009;
loai ngo thtic pham (ngo dUdng, ngo nep, ngo Phan Xuan Hao, 1997; Phan Xuan Hao va es., rau) khdng ngUng tang tren the gidi ciir.g nhU 2007). Ngo nep hien dUde trong kha rpng rai ci d Viet Nam. Cac hoat dpng s i n xua't va nguon nUdc ta, dien tieh trong ngd nep chie'm khoang Ipi thu dupc tU cae s i n pham tU ngo thUe pham 10% dien tieh trong ngo eiia ca nUde, trong do da mang lai thu nhap kha eao eho ngUdi san chii yeu la gid'ng ngd thu phan tU do (OPV), xuat, che bie'n. Hien nay eo nhieu quo'e gia, ngo lai khong quy Udc va mpt so'gid'ng ngo lai trung tam nghien cUu, cac cdng ty, eae nha quy Ude cd nguon go'c tU nUdc ngoai. Theo dti chpn gio'ng dau tU nhieu cho cong viec chpn bao, dien tich trong ngd nep d nUdc ta se tang tao cac loai gio'ng ngo thUc pham. Mpt so' gio'ng manh trong thdi gian s i p tdi, nhu ciu sii 890
Chon tao giong ngo nep lai (Zea mays ceratina Kalesh) giai doan 2005 -2010 tai Trtfong Dai hoc.
dting gio'ng ngo nep mdi se tang nhanh. Vdi muc tieu chpn tao ra cac giong ngo nep trong nu6c CO nang suat eao, chat lUdng tdt, gia thanh hat gio'ng tha'p phuc vu san xua't, nghien cUu nay da tien hanh thu thap vat lieu, tao dong t h u i n , k h i o sat va phan tich da dang di truyen, lai va danh gia to hdp lai mdi lam nguon vat lieu tao gio'ng ngo lai cung cap cho s i n xua't.
2. VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ -A"-. . -
2.1. Vat lieu n g h i e n cufu
Vat lieu nghien cUu gom 22 dong ngo nep da dUdc lam t h u i n (ddi tU pho'i 8,^) eo nguon goe khae nhau va 14 to hdp ngo nep lai.
2.2. FhvCdng p h a p n g h i e n cufu - Thi nghiem 1:
Phan tich da dang di truyen eiia 22 nguon vat lieu ngo nep dUpc tien hanh tai phong Cong nghe sinh hpc, Vien Nghien cUu Ngo quo'e gia. Moi va trinh tU cac moi dUdc set dung nhu d bang 1.
B a n g 1. Moi v a t r i n h t\i c a c moi Axidc sii d u n g t r o n g t h i n g h i e m
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Ten m6i phiOBQ phi053 phi029 phi087 phi374118 phi127 net 30 phi109642 umc1277 umc1279
phi072 V/
phi083 umc1304 phi452693 phi448880
umcioaa
phl108411 phi423796 phi328175 phii 02228 phi109275 phi065 phi032 phi299852 phi109188 umc1153 umc1136 phi227562 umc1109 umc1196 phi100175 phi 076 phi233376 umcioei phi339017
Vi tri tren NST 6,08 3,05 3,04 • 5,06 3,02 2,08 5,00 2.00 9.08 9,00
•!•:• 4 . 0 0
2.04 8,02 6,06 9,05 7,01 9,06 6,01 7,04 3,04-,05
1,00 >•
9,03 9,04 6,08
5,00 ' ' 5.09 ' '' 3,10
1,12 4,10 10,07
8,06 4,11 8,03 10,06
1,03
Kieu lap ATGC ATAC AG/AGCG***
AGC ACC AGAC AGC ACGG
(AATA)5 (CCT) 6 AAAC AGCT (TCGA) 4 AGCC AAG (GCCAGA)5 AGCT AGATG AGG AAGC AGCT CACTT AAAG AGC AAAG (TCA)4 GCA ACC ACG CACACG AAGC AGCGGG CCG (TCG)6 AGG
S6 allele 2 6 6 4 2 3 3 2
•• - 2
3 3 4 2
6
4 4 2
4
3 2 4 3 3 4
•,*
3 5 3
" • f • • • • •
4 2 3 4 3 2
Kich thu'ccc (bp) 87-95 169-195 148-162 150-177 217-238 112-126 140-148 136-144 : 134-138
92-101 143-167 125-137 129-137 125-145 173-188 139-158 125-129 121-141 100-130 123-131 117-143 131-151 233-241 96-151 148-174 105-114 132-159 307-328 104-116 137-161 117-141 161-173 142-154 101-110 148-163 Nguon cung cdp: I 'i?n Nghien cm Ngo quoc gia, 2008
Nguyin The Hung, Nguyen Thien Huyen, Nguyin Van Loc, Bui Manh Cwang
+ Tach chiet ADN dupe tien hanh theo phUdng phap Saghai-Maroof 1984.
+ PCR va dien di acrylamide dUdc tien hanh theo quy trinh eiia AMBIONET 2004.
+ Phan tich da dang di truyen va p h a n nhom di truyen theo he so'Jaccard va Dice (Jaeeard's va Dice similarity coeficients) b i n g chUdng trinh NTSYSpc ver. 2.1 (Rohlf, 2000).
- Thi nghiem 2 (khao sat 14 to hpp lai):
Thi nghiem dUpc bo' tri theo kieu khoi ngau nhien hoan chinh, vdi 3 lan n h i c lai.
+ Quy trinh cham soc, mat dp, khoang each va cac chi tieu theo d5i ap dung theo Quy pham khao nghiem gio'ng ngo Quo'e gia 10TCN341: 2006 (Tieu chuan nganh, 2006).
+ So' lieu nghien eUu dUdc xii ly tren phan mem Excel va IRRISTAT ver.5.0, Selmdex va phan mem di truyen so'lUdng.
3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Phan n h o m di t r u y e n va xac dinh sd do pha he ciia cac d o n g ngo nep He so da dgng cua he thong moi (PIC)
Gia tri Polymorphism Informatidn Content (PIC) la thu6e do ciia sU da dang allele d tai mpt locus. Gia tri PIC Ude lUdng kha nang phan biet eiia met ehi thi b i n g each khong ehi dUa vao mo ta so' allele d tai mpt locus ma eon mo ta t i n suat tUdng dd'i eua cac allele trong q u i n the nghien ciiu (Nei va Li, 1979). Ket qua trinh bay d bang 2 cho tha'y, gia tri PIC bie'n thien tU tha'p nha't 0,13 (phil02228) den cao nha't 0,72 (umcll36) va trung binh la 0,46. So' allele tren mpt locus bie'n thien tU 1 de'n 6 va trung binh la 3,26.
Ket qua nay cho tha'y, cac moi SSR sii dung trong phan tich tUdng do'i da hinh. tuy nhien, mei phi96342 chi eo 1 allele, khong da hinh nen loai bo so' lieu tru6e khi phan tich
cay pha he va khong nen sii dung de phan tieh cac bp ngo nep khae. Trong tong so' 35 moi SSR sU dung trong thi nghiem, mpt so' moi CO ty le khuyet so' lieu cao hdn so vdi tieu chuan la phil01049, umcl555 va mpt so'moi khong nhan nhU p h i l 2 1 , p h i l l 2 , phi223984.
u m c l l 2 2 , nel33, u m e l l 4 3 , u m c l l 5 2 ciing bi loai khoi qua trinh phan tich cay p h i he (Bang 2).
Phdn nhom vd sd do phd he cua 22 dong ngo nep
Ket qua phan nhom Uu the lai theo phUdng phap UPGMA (Hinh 1) chd tha'y d he so' tUdng dong di truyen 0,38, eae nguon vat lieu ngo nep chia lam 6 nhom:
- Nhom I ehi eo mpt nguon vat lieu duy nha't la WIO.
- Nhom II CO mpt nguon vat lieu duy nhat la W16.
- Nhom III goin: W3, W5, W22, W21, W8, W9, W12, W18.
- Nhom IV gom: W2, W15, W20, W17.
- Nhom V gom: W4, W6, W7, W l l , W13.
- Nhom VI gom: W l , W14, W19.
Nhieu cong trinh nghien cUu khoa hoc tren the gidi eiing nhU trong nu6c da chUng mmh r i n g cae dong bo' me ngo eang xa nhau ve di truyen thi kha nang lai tao cho Uu the lai eang eao (Anderson va es., 1993; Nguyen Thi Nhai, 2005). 6 thi nghiem nay, hau nhU cae nguon vat lieu co khoang each di truyen tUdng do'i xa (ngoai trif cap W6, W7) do do kha nang tao dUdc con lai co Uu the lai cao la rat Icin, trong do WlO, W16 eo the dung lam cay thii (tester) de lai v6i tat ca cac nguon vat lieu eon lai. Viee phan nhom eae nguon vat lieu thong qua khoang each di truyen dupe xac dinh b i n g ehi thi se la mpt trong nhiJng cd sd quan trpng trong van de sif dung, khai thac nguon vat lieu eung nhU dinh hu6ng cho eong tac lai tao. Xae suat tao dupe eon lai co Uu the lai eao tU viec lai giUa cac vat lieu khac nhom se cao hdn viee lai trong eung nhom.
Chon tao giong ngo nep lai (Zea mays ceratina Kalesh) giai doan 2005 -2010 tai Tryong Dai hoc.
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
Bang 2.
Ten moi
phi089 phi053 phii029 phi087 phi374118 phi127 nc130 phi109642 umc1277 umc1279 phi072 phi083 umc1304 phi452693 phi448880 umc1066 phi108411 phi423796 phi328175 phii 02228 phi109275 phi065 phi032 phi299852 phi109188 u m d 153 umc1136 phi227562 u m d 109 u m d 196 phi100175 phi076 phi233376 u m c i o e i phi339017 Trung binh
S o a l l e l e , h e Vi tri tren
NST 6,08 3,05 3,04 5,06 3,02 2,08 5,00 2,00 9,08 9,00 4,00 2,04 8,02 6,06 9,05 7,01 9,06 6,01 7,04 3,04-.05
1,00 9,03 9,04 6,08 5,00 5,09 3,10 1,12 4,10 10,07
8,06 4,11 8,03 10.06
1,03
SO P I C v a t y
Kieu lap
ATGC ATAC A G / A G C G " * ACC ACC AGAC AGC ACGG (AATA)5 (CCT) 6 AAAC AGCT (TCGA) 4 AGCC AAG (GCCAGA)5 AGCT AGATG AGG AAGC AGCT CACTT AAAG AGC AAAG (TCA)4 GCA ACC ACG
CACACG •!
AAGC ; AGCGGG CCG (TCG)6 AGG
l e k h u y e t S6 allele
2 6 6 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 4 2
• 6
4 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 4 3 5
•• 3
3 4 2
• 3 4 3 2 3,26
s o ' l i e u c i i a 3 5 m o i S S R
Kich thu'O'c (bp) 87-95 169-195 148-162 150-177 217-238 112-126 140-148 136-144 134-138 92-101 143-167 125-137 129-137 125-145 173-188 139-158 125-129 121-141 100-130 123-131 117-143 131-151 233-241 96-151 148-174 105-114 132-159 307-328 104-116 137-161 117-141 161-173 142-154 101-110 148-163
Ty le k h u y i t s6 lieu
(%)
9,09 4,55 4,55 13,64 13,64 9,09 9,09 4,55 27,27
9,09 18,18
4,55 0,00 4,55 0,00 0,00 9,09 0,00 22,73
0,00 0,00 0,00 4,55 18,18 13,64 9,09 0,00 22,73
0,00 0,00 13,64
4,55 0,00 4,55 0,00 7,27
He s6 PIC 0,18 0,62 0,65 0,23 0,43 0,33 0,46 0,34 0,43 0,50 0,57 0,66 0,24 0,70 0,67 0,56 0,50 0,46 0,66 0,13 0,64 0,16 0,45 0,48 0,52 0,27 0,72 0,64 0,24 0,32 0,48 0,57 0,47 0,44 0,43 0,46
Nguyen ThS Hung, Nguyin Thien Huyen, NguySn Van Loc, Bui Manh Cuxyng
- W l - W l ^4 - W l '>
- \A/-4 J w/a
* W V - W l 1 - W 1 3
- w:z
- W l f 5 - W 2 < » - W l V - W 3 - W S - W 2 2 - W 2 1 - W « - W * >
- W l 2 - W I K - W l < i
0 . 5 1
H i n h 1. Sc( do p h a h e ciia 22 d o n g ngo ti^ p h o i di^a t r e n 35 moi SSR t h e o phcicyng p h a p p h a n n h o m UPGMA
B a n g 3. T h d i g i a n s i n h triicing ciia c a c t o hp'p lai n g o n e p
THL/giong
Tro ca
Thai gian sinh tru'O'ng ti> moc den cac giai doan (ngay)
Tung phian Phun rau Thu tioacti bap tu'O'i Ctiin hoan toan 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
W 3 x W 1 6 W1 xW2 W 3 x W 9 Wl x W 5 W 3 x W 5 W 3 x W 2 W1 xW9 Wl xW16
MX4
46 47 47 46 47 46 46 47 45
48 49 49 48 49 47 47 48 46
47 48 48 47 49 46 46 47 47
67 67 66 65 68 67 64 65 63
82 83 81 79 83 81 82 82 80
Trung binh 46 48 47 66
3.2. Ket q u a d a n h gia c a c t o hdp lai
* Thdi gian sinh trudng qua cdc giai dogn cua cdc to hgp lai ngo nep
Thdi gian tU gieo de'n tro cd eiia cae to hpp lai ngo nep dao dpng treng khoang 45 - 47 ngay. Thdi gian tU tro cd den tung phan ciia cac to hdp lai chenh leeh kheng 16n bie'n dpng tU 1 de'n 2 ngay, nhiing te hdp lai: W3 x W2, Wl X W9, Wl x W16 va gio'ng doi chdng (MX4) CO thdi gian tU tro cd de'n tung phan la 1 ngay, cac to hdp lai con lai la 2 ngay. Thdi gian tif phun rau de'n thu hoach bap tUdi ciia
cac to hdp lai dad dpng trong khoang tU 18 - 21 ngay, dai hdn gio'ng do'i ehUng MX4, to hdp lai W3 X W2 CO thdi gian tU phun rau de'n thu hoach b i p tUdi dai nha't la 21 ngay, eae to hdp lai Cdn lai dao dpng trong khoang 18 - 19 ngay (Bang 3).
To hdp lai W l X W5 c6 thdi gian sinh trUdng n g i n la 79 ngay, gid'ng dd'i ehUng MX4 la 80 ngay, hai td hdp lai W3 x W5, Wl X W2 eo thdi gian sinh trUdng dai nha't la 83 ngay. Nhin chung, cac to hpp lai ngo nep c6 thdi gian sinh trUdng, phat trien n g i n .
Chon tao giong ngo nep lai (Zea mays ceratina Kalesh) giai doan 2005 -2010 tai Tnj'ong Dai hoc.
Bang 4. Dac diem hinh thai cay cua cac to hdp lai ngo nep
THL/giong Chieu cao cay
(cm)
Chieu cao dong bap
(cm) The cay
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
W 3 x W16 W l x W 2 W 3 x W 9 W l x W 5 W 3 x W 5 W 3 x W2 W l x W 9 W l x W 1 6
MX4
175,4 168,1 172,4 164,3 163 159,9 188,1 179,3 158,5
79,5 76,5 72,33 65,33 63,7 62,8 91,5 85,4 71,8 C V %
LSD 5%
3.4 10,1
9,9 12,7
* Dgc diem hinh thdi cua cdc to hgp lai ngo nip
Chieu cao eay euo'i cung ciia cac to hop lai dao dpng trong khoang 158,5 - 188,1 em (Bang 4). To hdp lai c6 chieu cao eay cuoi eung eao nha't la Wl x W9 (188,1 em), gio'ng do'i ehUng MX4 co chieu cao eay cuoi cung tha'p nha't (158,5 em), W3 x W2 (159,9 cm).
Cac to hdp lai con lai co chieu cao cay cuoi cung phu hdp eho viec tan dung anh sang mat trdi. Nhu vay, eae to hdp lai co chieu cao cay trung binh, dp dong deu kha eao. Chieu eao dong b i p eiia eae to hpp lai bie'n dpng tU 62,8-91,5 cm, 5 to hdp lai co chieu eao dong bip cao hdn gio'ng do'i chUng la W3 x W16, Wl X W2, W3 X W9, Wl X W9, Wl x W16.
Nhin ehung thi h i u het cac to hpp lai deu eo chieu cao dong b i p d giUa than, ty le nay kha quan trpng trdng dieu kien c6 mUa gio thi eay se eho'ng do dUdc to't hdn.
The cay cua cae gio'ng ngo dUpc danh gia theo thang diem tU diem 1 (tot) den diem 5 (xau) thong qua cae dac trUng hinh thai nhU:
chieu cao cay, dUdng kinh than, goc la so v6i than, dp xanh ciia la, ehieu cao dong bip, dp ehe phli la bi... Ket qua cho tha'y, eae to hdp lai ngd nep co the eay dao dpng trong khoang diim 2-4, h i u het cac to hpp lai co the eay dat diem 2-3, ehi rieng to hdp lai W3 x W9 co the eay dat diem 4 (Bang 4).
* Dien tich Id vd chi so dien tich Id Dien tieh la va ehi so'dien tich la dUdc
theo doi d 3 thdi ki: Thdi ki 7-9 Id, cac to hdp lai CO dien tich la dao dpng trong khoang tU 0,11-0,16 m- la/cay tUdng Ung v6i chi so' dien tich la (LAI) thdi ki nay la 0,61-0,92 n r la/m- da't. 0 thdi ki nay, to hdp lai W3 x W5 eo ehi so' dien tieh la tha'p nha't 0,61 m' la/m' da't.
Cae to hpp lai eon lai eo LAI tUdng do'i dong deu nhau; Thdi ki xodn ndn, cay ngo sinh trUdng manh ve chieu eao va so la xanh tren eay nhieu, do vay thdi ki nay chi so dien tieh la eao hdn so vdi thdi ki 7-9 la. Cae to hdp lai khae nhau dii c6 sU gia tang ve ehi so dien tieh la khae nhau la rat ro rang, ehi so' dien tich la eua cac to hdp lai dao dpng trong khoang 1,47- 2.48 m- la/m" da't, to hdp lai Wl x W16 CO sU gia tang 16n nha't eo LAI cao nha't trong eae td hdp lai dat 2,48 m^ la/m^
da't, td hdp lai W3 x W5 tang tha'p nha't LAI d thdi ki nay dat 1,47 m" la/m" da't. Gio'ng do'i ehUng CO ehi so' dien tich la (LAI) dat 1,96 m^
la/m" da't; Thdi ki chin sHa: lue nay eay ngo dat dUde so^ la xanh toi da, chi so dien tieh la dao dong trong khoang 1,49 - 2,50 m" la/m"
da't. To hdp lai Wl x W16 la to hdp co chi so' dien tich la eao nha't dat 2,50 m" la/m'" da't.
Nhin chung, chi so dien tieh la d thdi ky nay so v6i thdi ky xoan non tang khong dang ke, ben eanh do c6 mpt so' to hdp c6 chil so' dien tich la giam di so v6i thdi ki xoan non nhU la W3 X W16, W3xW9, Wl x W5 (Bang 5). Dieu nay ehUng to cac to hdp lai nay eo dp ben cua la khong cao so vdi cae td hdp lai khac.
Nguyin The HiJng, Nguyen Thien Huyen, Nguyin Van Loc, Btji Manh Cuong
B a n g 5. D i e n tich la (LA) va chi so' d i e n t i c h la (LAI) qua cac thdi ki sinh triicfng ciia cac THL n g o n e p
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
THL/gi6ng
W 3 x W16 W l X W2 W 3 x W 9 W l X W5 W 3 x W 5 W 3 x W 2 W l x W 9 W l x W 1 6
MX4
TK 7-9 la LA
m^la/cay 0,13 0,13 0,15 0,14 0,11 0,12 0,15 0,15 0,16
LAI 0,74 0,76 0,87 0,78 0,61 0,70 0,84 0,85 0,92
TK LA m^la/cay
0,32 0,37 0,37 0,34 0,26 0,28 0,37 0,43 0,34
x o l n non LA\
1,81 2,10 2,14 1,91 1,47 1,61 2,13 2,48 1,96
T K c h
m^la/cay 0,29 0,39 0,31 0,31 0,26 0,29 0,37 0,44 0,28
in sCfa tJ\l 1,64 2,21 1,74 1,76 1,49 1,66 2,10 2,50 1,61
B a n g 6. Dac tinh chong chiu ciia cac to htfp lai ngo n e p
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ghi chu
THL/gi6ng W 3 x W 1 6 Wl xW2 W 3 x W 9 W1 X W5 W3x W5 W3x W2 Wl x W 9 Wl xW16
MX4 , Diem 1: Bl
Diem 4: hi
'• sdu benh ndng
Sau due than (diem)
1 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 3
rdt nhe Diem 2:
Diem 5:
Be
hi bi
nh kho vln (diem)
2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 nhe rdi niing
Benh d6m la (diem)
1 2 3 1 2 3 2 1 2
Diem 3: trung binh
Ty le gay than
(%)
0,0 0,0 2,5 2,5 5 5 0,0 0,0 0,0
* Dgc tinh chong chiu ciia cdc to hgp lai ngo nep
H i u het cac td hdp lai deu bi sau due than gay hai d cac mUc dp khac nhau. Mpt so' td hdp lai W3 x W16, Wl x W2. Wl x W9, Wl X W16 bi nhe (nho hdn 5%) the hien kha nang eho'ng chiu hdn han cac td hpp lai khac, eae td hpp lai W3 x W9, W l x W5, W3 x W2 bi nhiem sau due than mUe diem tha'p tUdng Ung v6i ti le 5-15%, td hpp lai bi sau due than gay hai nang nha't la MX4, W3 x W5 vdi ti le 15- 30% (Bang 6).
- Benh kho van (Rhizoctonia solani): cae to hdp ngo nep lai eo kha nang khang benh kho van cao. Cac td hdp lai W l x W2, Wl x W5, Wl x W9, Wl X W16 khong hi nhiem benh kho van, cac to hpp lai con lai bi nhiem benh d mUe dp nhe (diem 2).
- Benh do'm la: Co hai loai do'm la gay hai ngo la do'm la 16n (Helminthosporium turicum) va do'm la nho (Helminthosporium maydis). Ket qua theo doi h i u het cac td hpp lai deu bi nhiem benh nhUng d miie dp nhe va vUa. Cae td hop lai W3 x W16, Wl x W5, Wl X W16, W l X W9, W l X W2 mUc dp nhiem benh thap (diem 1 eo so'cay bi nhiem benh nhd hdn 5%). Co 2 td hdp lai W3 x W9, W3 X W2 bi n h i i m benh nang nha't (diem 3).
- Kha nang eho'ng dd: Thi nghiem eho tha'y kha nang eho'ng dd ctia cae td hdp ngo nep kha eao, chi eo mot sd'td hdp lai bi gay than v6i ti le rat tha'p (<5% so'cay trong 6 hi gay than), eae td hdp lai khac khong hi gay than.
Nhu vay, td hdp lai W l x W l 6 co kha nang chdng chiu tot nha't, sau benh hai nhiem d diem 1.
Chpn tao giong ngo nep lai (Zea mays ceratina Kalesh) giai doan 2005 -2010 tai Tru'ong Dai hoc.
* Cdcyeu tocau thdnh ndngsudtvd ndng sudt ciia cdc to hgp lai (THL) ngo nep
H a u h e t cac to hdp lai co chieu dai b i p
!6n hdn sd v6i gid'ng do'i chUng, ehi eo td hdp lai W3 X W5 eo chieu dai b i p n g i n nha't (14,3 cm), va gidng do'i chUng MX4 (14,4 cm), to hdp lai CO chieu dai b a p 16n nha't la W l x W9 (18,5 cm). Cac td hdp lai eo dUdng k i n h b a p dao dpng tU 3,9 de'n 4,6 cm, t r o n g do gio'ng do'i ehUng MX4 c6 dUdng k i n h 16n nha't (4,6 cm), h a i td h d p lai W l x W 9 , W 3 x W2 CO dUdng k i n h nhd nha't. Chi t i e u n a y k h a dn d i n h d m p t so' td h p p lai, dp bie'n d p n g r a t tha'p nhU: W l x W 2 , W 3 x W9, W l x W 5 , W 3 X W5.
Sd^ h a n g h a t / biip dUpc quy d i n h bdi yeu to di t r u y e n , it chiu a n h hUdng ciia dieu kien ngoai c a n h . Cac to hdp lai eo s o ' h a n g h a t / b a p dao dpng t r o n g k h o a n g tU 10,9 - 14,1 h a n g / b a p . Td hpp lai W l x W6 eo so' h a n g / b a p 16n nha't va nho nha't la W l x W9. Cae to hpp lai con lai ehi eo W3 x W16 cd s o ' h a n g 16n hdn gio'ng do'i chUng ]V[X4.
So' h a t / h a n g eiia eae to hdp lai eo sU e h e n h leeh ro ret, mUc dp dao dpng t r o n g
k h o a n g tU 21,5 - 35,4 h a t / h a n g . To hpp lai c6 so' h a t / h a n g 16n nha't la W l x W9. IVIpt so' td hpp lai CO PIOOO h a t 16n nhU: W l x W l 6 (275 g), W l x W9 (255 g), W l x W5 (251 g).
N a n g s u a t ly t h u y e t eua cac to hdp lai dao dpng t r o n g k h o a n g 26,3-66,6 t a / h a . To hdp lai eho n a n g s u a t ly t h u y e t cao nha't W l X W16, cao h d n so v6i gid^ng ddi ehUng (11,6 t a / h a ) , td hdp lai W 3 x W 5 (26.3) co tiem n a n g n a n g s u a t tha'p nha't chi b a n g 50% so v6i gio'ng ddi ehUng.
N a n g s u a t thUc t h u cua cac td hpp lai dao dpng t r o n g k h o a n g 23,8 - 53,33 t a / h a . T r o n g do co td hdp lai W l x W16 co niing s u a t thUc t h u cao nha't d a t 53,3 t a / h a eao hdn gio'ng do'i ehUng. Ngoai r a , eae to hdp lai W l X W9, W l X W2 CO n a n g s u a t thUc t h u tUdng dUdng vdi MX4. Td hdp lai W3 x W5 co n a n g s u a t thUe t h u tha'p nha't (23,8 ta/ha).
N a n g s u a t b a p tUdi eiia cac to hpp lai dao dpng t r o n g k h o a n g 5,4 - 11,9 t a n / h a . Td hpp lai CO n a n g s u a t b a p tUdi cao nha't la W l X W16, eao hdn so v6i gio'ng do'i ehUng MX4, to hpp lai W3 X W5 eo n a n g s u a t bap tUdi tha'p nha't (Bang 7).
B a n g 7. C a c y e u t o c a u t h a n h n a n g s u a t v a n a n g s u a t ciia c a c T H L n g o n e p
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
THL/gi6ng
W 3 x W16 W l x W 2 W 3 x W9 W1 X W5 W3 X W5 W 3 X W2 W l X W 9 W l X W16
IV1X4
LSDoos CV%
Chi4u dai b i p
(cm) 15,9 14,9 16,1 15,1 14,3 14,,9 18,5 16,5 14,4
Du'ang kinh b i p (cm)
4.4 4,1 4,0 4,1 4,1 3,9 3,9 4.4 4,6
S6 hang hafbap
(hang) 13,2 12.5 12,4 12,5 12,5 12,4 10,9 14,1 12,9
S6 hat/hang
(hat) 28,6 29,3 32,7 27,9 21,5 27,1 35,4 31,3 24,3
PIOOO (9)
224 245 224 251 207 201 255 275 318
Ti le b i p hOu hieu
(%)
93.7 89,9 92,4 92,9 84,3 90,2 90,4 96,1 96,3
NSBT (tIn/ha)
9,1 11,4
7,1 9,4 5,1 9,4 7,1 10,5
8,9 12.2
1.8
NSLT (ta/ha)
44,9 46,2 47,4 46,4 26,3 34,9 50,5 65,6 55,0 9.8 7.8
NSTT (ta/ha)
35,1 39,1 35,2 38,1 23,8 27,6 41,0 53.3 41,9 10.3 3,7 Ghi chii: .\Sli7: \iiiig sudt hdp lirai: NSLT: Ndng sudt ly thuyet, .\'SIT: Ndng sudt thuc thu
Nguyen The HiJng, Nguyin Thien Huyen, Nguyin Van Loc, Bui Manh Cwdng
* Mgt so chi tieu chat lugng cua cdc to hgp lai
Tai thdi diem thu bap lupe, mpt so chi tieu cam quan lien quan de'n chat lUdng nhU:
dp deo, dp ngpt, mui thdm da dupe danh gia theo cae mUe: diem 1- tdt, 2- kha, 3- trung binh, 4- kem, 5- rat kem. Hau het cac to hpp lai deu eo ehii't lUdng kha, an deo, thOm va ngpt. Ve dp deo, cac to hdp lai deu d mUe
kha, tdt; dae biet la cac td hpp (Wl x W5;
MX4; W l X W16) ce dp dee td't. Vi ngpt ctia cac td hdp ngd nep d miie kha de'n trung binh. Ve mui thdm, c6 sU khae nhau kha ro giiia cac to hdp ngo nep nhUng tap trung ehii yeu d mUc kha de'n trung binh; ehi eo td hpp Wlx W5 mui thdm kem, dang ehu y eo 2 td hpp lai CO chat lupng nem thii vUdt trpi la Wl X W16 va W l X W9 (Bang 8).
B a n g 8. Mot so' chi t i e u c h a t liiprng ciia c a c T H L n g o n e p
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
THL/ gidng W3xW16
W l xW2 W 3 x W 9 W l xW5 W 3 x W 5 W 3 x W 2 W l xW9 W l xW16
IV1X4
0 6 deo (1 - 5 d i l m )
2 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 1
Vi ngot (1 - 5 diem)
2 3 2 2 3 3 3 2 2
M
( 1 •
ui tham - 5 dilm)
3 2 3 4 2 3 2 2 2 (Ghi chu: Diem I: tot: Diem 2: khd: Diem 3: trung binh Diem 4:kem: Diem 5: rdt kem)
4. KET LUAN VA DE NGHI
4.1. Ket l u a n
- Ket qua phan tieh da dang di truyen ciia 22 dong ngo nep cho thay d he so' tUdng dong di truyen 0,38 va dupe chia lam 6 nhom ehinh: Nhom I ehi eo mpt vat lieu duy nha't la W 10; nhom II ehi eo mot ngudn vat lieu la W 16. nhom III bao gdm 8 nguon vat lieu:
W3, W5, W22, W21, W8, W9, W12, W18;
nhom IV bao gdm 4 ngudn vat lieu: W2, W15, W20, W17; nhom V bao gdm 5 ngudn vat lieu: W4, W6, W7, W l l , W13; nhom VI bao gdm 3 dong: Wl, W14, W19.
- Lua ehpn dUde 3 td hdp lai Wl x W16, Wl X W9, Wl X W2 dat nang suat cad va chat lupng tot. To hpp lai W l x W16 co nang suat thue thu cao nha't dat 53,33 ta/ha, cao hdn so v6i gio'ng do'i chUng MX4. Hai td hdp lai Wl X W9 (41,0 ta/ha), W l x W2 (39,1 ta/ha) la hai td hdp cd nang suat kha cad, tUdng dUdng v6i do'i ehUng d miic cd y nghia.
4.2. De n g h i
- C i n tie'p tuc dua cac dong ngo co khoang each di truyen xa nhau vao ehUdng trinh lai luan giao de danh gia kha nang ket hpp rieng, tren cd sd dd tim ra eae td hdp lai Uu tu phue vu chd san xua't.
- Dua cae td hpp lai W l x W16, Wl x W9, Wl X W2 di khao nghiem tai cae vung sinh thai va eae mua vu khac nhau.
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