•EcnawAMDE
Knh te Viet Nam:
Cir hoi, thach thiic va giai phap cua doanh nghiep 6 thang cuoi nam
TS. NBUY£N MANH HUNG
Sau thcing dSu nSm nay, cd ni/dc
^V$t v a " vdi kh6 khdn cua nign kinh tS. C i c chinh s i c h vi mo da kjp thdi dUa ra, cdc B9 ngdnh, dja phi/tfng vd doanh nghiep t i m m^i cdch OS phdt triSn sdn xuSft kinh doanh, gidi quySt nhihig kh6 khdn cua doanh nghiep vd ngUdi lao d$ng.
Sdu thdng di qua, kinh t S v l md dd thdo gd nhieu n^t thSt, kinh tS vl m 6 c6 nhihig chuyen dpng tich c^c, cd hpi vd thdch thuTc 6 thdng cuoi ndm rat idn.
LE K H d l C O N G
N H A MAY I A M W I A T / . CHf T * 0 D O M G t o IHYUWMJ)
Ddu tu nhd mdysdn xudt ddng ca 616 Id bade Oi kip tha vOng chdc Clio Cdng tyCP6t6 TntOng Hdi -Jhaco (dnh thanhnien.com)
L^m phdt d i / ^ ki@m che nhiAig c6 dSfu hifu thieu phdt
Nam 2011, Vi|t Nam cd chi sd gid tilu dung (CPI) li 18.13% d nhdm 4 nddc cao nhIt thi gidi, Ngin hing Thi gidi (WB) dy bio nddc ta nim trong 22 nln kinh t l ting tnidng ndng trong hai nam tdi. Tby nhiin, 6 thing diu nam nay CPI giim m^nh td qu^ L
CPI tiling 6 cd mdc giim 0,26% so vdi thing 5/2012. Ddy li tiling diu tiin CPI ci nddc cd chi s6 im sau 38 thing ddOng liln tilp. T^i thinh phd Hd Chi Minh giim 0,43% (tiilp nhIt td thing 9/2010), tgti Hi Ndi giim 0,17%. Tinh chung ci nddc, 6 tiidng diu nim, tdng mdc bdn II hing hda, dich vy vin tdng 20,3%, l^m phdt da ddyc kilm chi.
Nguyin nhin cd nhiiu, ngodi vi$c cit giim diu td cdng, thit chit tiin t$ bing lai suit cao tit nim 2011 cdn cd mdt nguyin nhin phd biln dd li t6ng d u th|t vi io khdng th^ Idn hon ddyc nda, hi^n tuyng "sdi trio nddc" da xiy ra ddi vdi nln kinh t£.
CPI gidm khiln cic doanh nghiep (DN) tiidc tinh, khdng cdn ngd nhin vl nhflng lyi thi cda tang tnidng nhd tang gii vi tang chu chuyin vdn. Tinh tr^ng giim clu, giim phit hi^n rd nhIt li c$ng ddn din nay cd tdi 30% DN "chit lim sing" vi 70% DN bdo 16 trong 6
thdng diu nim. Trong 4 thing diu nam 2012, d nddc cd tren 17,7 nghin DN di lim d c thu tyc ^ till vi ngdng ho9t ddng, ting khodng 9,5% so vdi cung 1^. Thy nhiin, 5 thdng diu nim, s6 DN ding ky thinh 1^ m^
cao hon sd ngdng ho^t d^ng, giii thi. Lao ddng ft vl^
lim, mIt vi$c lim dang kl try d p thIt nghiep t3i^ ci nim 2011 li 333.305 ngddi (ting 77% so vdi nim 2010) rilng 4 thing diu nim 2012 cd 135.407 ngddi ndp h6 so hudng bio hilm tiilt nghi$p titng trIn 50% so vdi cdng ky nim 2011.
Hing tdn kho giim din nhdng vin d mdc cao, rilng nginh cdng nghiep chi biln din 1/5/2012 ting 29.4% so vdi cdng \hiA dilm nam tnidc, chi sd sdn xuit cdng nghiep trong 6 thdng ting 4,4%; l/dc 6 thdi^ xuit khiu d?t 53,1 t^ USD, ting 22% so vdi cdng k)r. nli^p khiu d»t 53,84 t^ USD vi ting tdOng dng 6.9%, nh§p silu khoing 685 t r i ^ USD bing 10,6% cung 1^ nim trddc. Cin d n thanh toin ddyc d i thi^n, dd trii ngo^
hdi ting do Ngin hing Nhi nddc mua vio 9 t^ USD, hai lln h9 lai suit buy ddng td 14% xudng 9%/nam vi d c chinh sdch tin dyng da cung myt Iddng vdn Idn cho nln kinh ti, cic tiii tnidng bit ddng sin, chdng khoin, diu td dy dn mdi, sin xuit hing xuit khiu cd diu hi^n tich cyc...
10[CdNGNGH[$P»Ky 1, thing 7/2012- - Website: www.tapchicongnghlep.vn'
tjiIMJ- VITMBI g
Cac chinh sdch vi md da cd xu hddng giim dd tri, tic dyng nhanh hon tdi cdc DN, cho kit qud vdo cu6i qu^ II, CO hdi vi thich thdc vio 6 thing cu6i nam rlt Idn.
Tac dgng tich ci^c ciJa chinh sdch kinh te vT mo
Nhdm chinh sdch cda Cltinh phu tryc tilp hda giii nhdng Idid khin cda DN: (1) Giim trIn lai suit buy ddng xudng 9% nam dl giim lai suit cho vay, Ngan hing Nhi nddc da chi dinh 5 ngin hing thdOng mai duyc eho vay hd try lai suit sin xuit ndng, thdy sin.
Ngin hing Techeombak da gidm lai suit cho vay trong 6 thing cudi nim xudng 7% nim cdng vdi 30% tang tl gii vio thdi diem ddo h^n nlu cd; (2) Gdi h6 try Bd Tii chinh dUa ra li 29.000 t^ ddng, trong dd, cic giii phip ve gian thul Idioing 16.000 ty ddng, bao gdm giin thul gia tr; gia tang khoing 12.3001^ ddng vi gian thul thu nhip DN khoing 3.500 ty ddng; cdn I^i li miln giim thul thu nhip DN vd thul khodn ddi vdi hd, thul mdn bdi; gidm 50% tien thue dIt, lui thdi h^n thu phi bio tri diidi^ bd vi cic giii phip vi chi tilu ngdn sdch Id cO hdi dl DN phit triin sdn xuit kinh doanh, ting kim ngach xudt khau, gidm hing tdn kho... Nim 2012, khi nang se hoan thinh tdt chi tieu kim ngach xuit nhip khiu, CPI d mdc mdt eon so dddi 10%, GDP d^t khoing 6%...
Ngan hii^ Nhi nddc thdnh lap cdng ty mua bin no xlu vi tiin binh tdi d u true d c ngin hdng thdOng mai la giai phip tich eye vl chinh sach tien te. Theo Thdng ddc Ngin hing Nhd nddc vi By tnidng Bd Ke hoach vd DIu td thi von dieu 1$ cua cdng ty li 10.000 ty ddng Ididng lly td ngin sich mi td cic ngin hing thdOng mai manh d l phi no xlu nhd phd "cue mau ddng" gidp doanh nghiep tilp c ^ von ray, triin khai cdc dy in.
Dl in thinh lip cdng ty mua bdn ny xlu theo luit dinh se sdm ddyc Thd tddng Chinh phd phe chuIn trong 6 thing cudi nam. The gidi da ed kinh nghiem tdt vl boat dyng niy, Cue dy trd liln bang My (FED) tdng mua ny xlu cua ngan hing, sau do ed clu Igi va bdn cd lai.
Trong thing 6, Ngan hang Nhi nddc da xay ddng de in tdi d u trdc 9 i^an hdng thiiong m^ trIn cO sd ket qua thanh tra kiem sodt, kilm todn...Nhdng dieu chinh chinh sdch tien te trong 6 thdng cudi nam li nhdng biide di d n bin. quin li tich eye cic ddng vdn trong h?
thong ngin hin^ kich thich d e ngudn vdn diu td cua doanh nghi|p, din cd...
Tii clu trdc doanh nghiep nhi nddc (DNNN) da va dang tiidch thdc cic ca quan d^i di^n chd sd hflu, Bd Tii chinh da thinh lip Ban Chi d?o xiy ddng.dl dn Tii clu trdc DNNN. Bd vda thdng bdo kl hoach sip xIp. c6 phin hda DNNN giai do?n 2011 - 2015 vdi tdng so Idyng la 899 DN, trong 6 thdng cudi nam se ed phan hda 93 DN trong dd cd 12 DN thudc By Cdng ThUdng. Diy Id giii phip quyit li?t, cd phin hda se thu hdt ngudn vdn khu vUc td nhin dang dd thda d mdt sd
DN, ci nhin; ngin sdch nhi nddc se thu vl mdt Iiiyng vdn khd Idn, gidm cic khoin diu td liu dai, thdc dly dp dyng qudn tri DN hi|n d^i d cdng ty cd phin. ThUc chit tii d u true DNNN li qui trinh minh bach hda tii chinh DN, xa hdi hda hogit ddng sin xuit kinh doanh khdng nhIt thilt DNNN phii lim vi ddc quyln.
Giii phip tii clu trdc DNNN li thit chit diu td vdn Nhi nddc vio DN. Bd Tii chfnh dang dy tiiio m^t Io?t vin bin trinh Chinh phd nhd: Nghj djnh vl diu tu vdn vi quin ly tii chinh ddi vdi DN do Nhd nddc lim chd sd hdu, Quy chi giim sdt tii chinh vi dinh gid hi$u qui boat ddng DN vi Ngh) dinh vl chdc nang, nhi|m vy vd cO ehl ho^t dOng cua Tdng cdng ty Dau tu vi kinh doanh vdn (SCIC), ddng thdi kilm sodt chit che diu tU cua cie tip doin kinh te nhi nddc ra ngoii nginh Idnh doanh chinh. SCIC se lip Cdng ty diu tu tii chinh nhim chuyin hddng quin 1^ v6n nhi nddc td hinh chfnh phin tan, ra vin bin ci bi^t sang kinh doanh vdn chuyin nghi|p hon, tao ra nhdng m?eh vdng v6n lien kit gida eic d p . Ngiy 16/3/2010, thinh phd H6 Chi Minh di thanh lip Cdng ty DIu td tii chinh nhi nddc TP.HCM (HFIC) cd mdc vdn dieu I| 5 ngin t^ ddng. Day li md hinh thi diem diu tien cda thdnh phd tren cd sd td chdc, sap xIp l^i Quy DIu td phdt trien dd thj TP.Hd Chi Minh (HIFU). Nam 2011, HFIC da gidi ngdn hon 1.200 ty ddng, dat 161,73% so vdi ke hoach, ddp dng nhu d u von cho cic nhdm dU dn tryng diem cua Thinh pho.
Sau gin 2 nam thdc hi|n ChdOng trinh myc tieu qudc gia xdy dyng ndng thdn mdi, ngin sach trung dOng hd try d c dia phyyng nam 2011 la 1.600 ty ddng, nam 2012 li 1.700 t^ ddng. Sip tdi, Chmh phu sda ddi mdt sd cO chi, chfnh sach trong diu td nhd hd try tin dyng, cd chinh sich thu hdt DN diu td vio ndng nghi#p, ndng thdn,...se lim tang nang suit ndng nghi?p, giim gid thanh, duy tri cdc sin phlm ndng nghiip xuit khiu c6 the m^nh.
Cdc chinh sdch vi md cda Nhi nUdc di vi dang triin khai li cO hyi tot cho cic DN, nhi diu td ci nhin.
Nln kinh te ddyc tiep nhin mdt Idyng vdn khi Idn td cic kinh diu td vdi lii suit hyp li, gii cd ddng d mdc hi|n nay li mdt lyi thi cho DN, vi?c chd dyi gid giim sau hdn li dilu khdng the!. Do viy, DN, dgi di|n chu sd hdu DN d cic bd> nginh, dia phddng, nhi diu tii ci nhdn d n nim bit, suy tinh thyc hi^n.
Doanh nghiep lam gi vao 6 thdng cuoi nam?
Sau nhiiu nam, den 6 thdng diu nam 2012 h^ thdng DN d Vi?t Nam thyc sy trii nghi|m sy khde nghi^t cda CO che thi tnidng hyi nhap kinh t l quoc te. Cic biln d$ng eua kinh t l the gidi tic ddng nhanh din kinh tl trong nUde do dd md cda nln kinh tl nddc ta di ryng hdn. Vdi tdng kim ngach xuit khiu vi nhip khiu tren
Website: www.tapchicongnghIep.vn- -K?l,th4ng7/2012«CONGNGHI$P H
jSmHtM-
K2T5 K1T6
•Xu&tkhSu • Nli^pkhdu —C'Aii cftii tliii-cnie in^l Ngudn: Ting c^c Hdi quan Di4n biSn tlnh hinh xudt khdu. nh(lp khdu theo k^ titngdy l-ld^nn
200 t^ USD/nim thi sy thay ddi cda thj trddng xuit nhip khiu hdng hda vdi Vi^t Nam, biln ddng gii di|n.
xdng diu,... tic ddng tryc tilp, giin tilp din khodng 600.000 DN vi ngddi din, tdc ddng d^n thj trddng trong nddc nhd thj tnidng hing tilu ddng, thi trddng bat ddng sin, chdng khoin... Phdn dng cda ngddi tilu ddng, cda DN trddc khd khin li thit Idng budc byng
"co cym" chdng dd nhUng hiu qui li s\f gidm phdt lim cho hing hda t5n kho, giim vi|c lim, gian vi ngdng diu tii mdi, gidi the doanh nghiep.
Thdi ki phit trien theo bl rdng vdi lyi thi vl gia nhin cdng thIp, du dai dat dai, von, chi sd gii tang lien tyc bu d ^ phan Idn chi phi va cd lai trong sin xuit, diu td vi diu CO... da qua rdi de chuyen sang thdi ki phit trien theo chilu siu ddi hdi quy md hyp li, td duy liln kit vdi trinh dd qudn tri kinh doanh chuyin nghiep... Vi^ thay ddi lien tyc d c CEO d cdc ngan hang, DN (thim chi cd CEO chi try ddyc vii ba thing) li myt thach thdc ve ylu clu quin tr} kinh doanh td ddn giin sang phdc t^p, td chiln thuit vy vi|c sang chiln thuit trIn nln ting chiln Idyc vdng chic vi ddi hdi minh b^ch cdng khai, cd hi^u qud rd ring.
Vdi nhdng thd thach cua 6 thdng qua, nhdng cd hdi vi thach thdc 6 thdng cu6i nim rlt Idn, DN phdi limgl?
ThU nhdt. phii tiep tyc duy tri d c ho^t ddng sdn xuit theo hyp ddng, nhIt li DN xuit khiu, tilp tyc tim kilm thi trddng mdi, giii phdng din din hing tdn kho, khdng de tlnh t r ^ g cd thj trddng thi thilu hing;
khdi ddng manh cic d\i in diu td di phi duy|t, tim dy in vd ddi tdc mdi.
Thti hai, mdi DN phdi minh b^ch tinh hinh tii chinh, vin dung tich c\fc cic chinh sdch vi md cda Chfnh phu da vi se ban hinh. cdng vdi d c chu ny xd li tfch cyc ny xlu trong mdt de dn tdng thi. dl xuit vd iya chyn nhdng gidi phdp tfch cdc. Nd iMc gidi quyet ny cda Cdng ty C6 phin Thuy sin Binh An - Bianiish- co vda qua li mdt kinh nghiem hay vl hyp tic thi^n chi cda cdc bin vi chinh quyln dia pbdOng.
7hU ba, thay ddi siu sic tu duy diu td. Di qua rAi thdi ki lim cii g) cung cd lai cd cdng (do tniyt gii, do thj trddng cd gdc khult). Thit b^i diu td khdng dil d mdt sd DNNN mi rlt nhiiu nhi diu td td nhin dU vdn nhdng chyn sai mil hing, diu td theo phoi^ trio, sin phlm khdng c^nh tranh ddyc, nang lyc qudn tri dy in ylu kim dly chi phi diu tii lln cao,... dm khoin ny Idn li bdi bye xdt xa. Sy phit triin cda DN li d diu td phit triin liln tyc vdi nhdng dy in khd thi, cd kba ning sinh Idi bin vdng; khdng vl nhdng khd khan, vi thilu tinh toin khi thi mi Idi bddc Nhiing DN diu til lien tyc bii bin se cd thdnh qui ngay cudi nim nay, bio dim cho phit triin bin vdng nhiitng nim sau.
ThU tu, tii clu trdc DN, lo^i bd vi§c diu tii sin xuift nhdng sin phlm khdng cd thj tnidng, thay ddi danh myc sdn phlm, co clu 1^1 danh myc diu td theo hitdng chuyin mdn sdu vdo nhdng mit hing thi m^nh cda DN cd sdc c ^ h tranh. Thdi diem niy DN nln ch^
nhin "phiu thuit" kien quyet lo^i bd nhdngcdngngh^
cu ky, td duy l^c hiu, bd phin dii thda khdng hi^u qu^
ddi mdi nhin sy cao d p , dio t^o lao ddng ed trinh dd cao, tinh gidn d c clu true trung gian giin tiip, d t giim d c vin phdng d^i di^n, chi nhinh khdng cd h i ^ qui, dng dyng m ^ h me cdng ngh$ tin hyc trong quin 11, trong thddng m^ di$n td.
Thdi dilm niy, nhiiu ngddi lao d$ng g$p khd khan, cic chd doanh nghi$p vi ngiidi lao ddng d n cd nhdng tiida tiiu^ dS duy tri Ivtc Iiiyng lao ddng, ti^ cu6i qu^ II tdi khi kinh t l phyc hdi nhu d u lao dOng M ting lln...
Cudi bii vilt niy xin ddn m$t s6 nh^n dtnh: Phd Thd tddng Nguyin Xuan Phdc trd Idi chat vin d Kt hyp Qudch^i vda qua, rltl^cquan: "Dltnddcdaviiyt qua tiidi k^ khd khin"; Thdi bdo Tii chxnh hing diu cda Anh (The Financial Times) nhin djnh: kinh tf. ^ Vi^t Nam cd nhiiu diu hi^u tich cyc "xuit khiu tang, th&m byt byt thddng m^i dang giim, thj tnidng didng khoin tang 1,6% tii diu nam tdi nay, die bi?t li tiin ddng \^$t Nam cung ting gia 1 % trong khi hlu het dc ddng tiin chiu A khde diu gidm".<>
12 C 6 N G N G H I $ P » K^ 1. thing 7/2012— —Website: www.tapchicongnghfep.v^
