KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE
THIJC TRAIMG V A GIAI P H A P IMAIMG CAO HIED QUA THU HOI DAT DE P H A T TRIEIM KET CAU HA TAIMG
TREIM D | A DAIM TilMH HOA BllMH
Nguyen van QuanS Nguyen Tlii Kun Y^n^ Ngd Thi Ei\
Bui Nguyen HanhS Phan Thi Thanh Huy^^
T6MTAT
Nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien hen pham vi 3 don vi hanh chinh cap huyen, gom: thanh pho H6a Binh, huyen Luong Son va Ky Son nhSm danh gia thac trang va de xuat giai phap khac phuc nhiing tan tai, han che, bat cap trong cong tac thu h6i dat de xay dimg k^t cau ha tang. Phuong phap nghidn cihi duox: sii dung gom:
thu thap so h^u sff cap, thii cap; phuong phap chuyen gia ket hop vai dieu tra bang bang hoi doi voi 84 cong chiic, vien chue nham xac dinh nhung kho khan, han che vk cac y^u to anh huong d^n cong tac thu hoi dat.
Trong giai doan 2010 - 2016 tai 3 dia ban nghien ciru da co 139 du an hoan thanh cong tac giai phong mat bang voi dien tich thu hoi 199,58 ha. Trong do, 76 du an voi dien tich 152,24 ha la cac cong trinh giao thong (chiem 54,68% tong so du an va 74,28% tong dien tich thu h6i). K^t qua nghien ciiu da xac dinh duoc 5 nhom y^u t6 anh huong den c6ng tac thu h6i dat va diroc xep theo miic do quan trong sau: (1) tai chinh; (2) td chiic thuc hien; (3) chinh sach, phap luat dat dai; (4) nguoi SDD; (5) thua dat. De nang cao hiSu qua thu hoi dat tai tinh Hoa Binh can tap trung thuc hien dong bp 5 nhom giai phap sau: chinh sach; tang cuong nguon vdn; quan ly, cap nhat ho so dia chinh; tuyen truyen, pho bien chinh sach, phap luat; to chiic thuc hi^n.
Tii kh6a: Thu hdi dat, kdt cau ha tang, tinh Hoa Binh.
1 . BAT VAN BE
Phat tri^n k^t cau ha tang cung vod c6ng nghiep hoa la ti4n d^ cho sy phat trien (Paul va Sarma 2017).
6 nuoc ta phat trien ket cau ha tdng luon duoc dat cr Vl tri trong tam trong cac chu trtrong, duong loi phat trien cua Dang va Nha nuoc. Nghi quy^t s6 13- NQ/TW ngay 16 thang 01 nam 2012 cua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong tai Hoi nghi Trung uong 4 khoa XI da xac dinh mue heu xay dung he thdng ket cau ha tang dong bp nham dua nuoc ta ca ban trcr thanh nuoc cong nghiep theo huong hien dai vao nam 2020.
Tiep d^n, Thu tuong Chinh phu da ky ban hanh d^
an sd 1734/QD-Trg ngay 06 thang 9 nam 2016 ve
"Chinh sach phat h-ien dong b6 k^t cau ha tang, gSn phat tnen ket cau ha tang trong nuoc voi mang luoi ha tang hong cac lien ket khu vuc". Hien nay, nuffc ta dang thuc hien qua trinh chuyen ddi mo hinh tang trucmg, tai c^u hue nen kinh te nen viec xay dung he thdng ket cau ha tAng ddng bp, hien dai se la ye'u td quan trpng thiic day qua trinh co c^u lai nen kmh te, nang cao hieu qua, sue canh tranh cua nen kinh
' Hoc vien Nong nghiep Viel Nam ' Trucmg Dai hoc Mo dja chat
t^. De thirc hi6n dupe cac mue tifiu tren, viec thu hoi dat la xu huong tat yeu va can thiet.
Hoa Binh la mpt tinh mien mii thupe vimg Tay Bac Viet Nam voi thanh phd Hoa Binh va nSm each trung tam thu do Ha N6i 73 km. Thuc hien Nghi quyet sd 13-NQ/TW cua Hpi nghi Trung uong 4 khoa XI, Dai hpi Dang bo tinh Hoa Binh nhiem ky 2010 - 2015 da xac dinh phat trien ket cau ha tang dong bp, dac biet la k^t cau ha tang giao thong la mpt trong nhung nhiem vu dot pha nhim tao da phat trien kinh t^ - xa hoi, nang cao hieu qua, sue canh tranh ciia n4n kinh te. Trong nhung nam qua cong tac thu hdi dat phuc vu xay dung ket cau ha tang b dnh Hoa Binh da dat dup'c nhung ket qua quan trpng, tao dong luc phat trien kmh te - xa hpi. Tuy nhien, van de ngudn vdn de tn^n khai thuc hien cac du an tr6n dia ban tinh con gap nhi^u kho khan, dan den cac du an thuc hien luon bi cham ti^n dp. Ben canh do, vi6c quan ly dat dai cung nhu cong tac to chue thuc hien con co nhirng han ch^, do vay, viec nghien cihi thuc h-ang va de xustt giai phap nang cao hieu qua cong tac thu hdi dat tren dia ban tinh Hoa Binh la rEtt can thiet nhSm day nhanh viec thuc hien cae c6ng trinh, dir an phat tnen ket cau ha tang, gop
136 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11 /2018
KHOA HQC C d N G NGHE phan phat tri^n kinh te ciia tinh theo hudng ben
viJmg.
2. BOI TUONG, PHAM VI VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHBy CUU 2.1. Ddi hi^ng v^ phgm vi nghito ojru Nghien cihi tap trung vao danh gia thuc Irang va d^ xuat giai phap ddi vcri cdng tac thu hoi dat xay dung he thdng giao thong, thuy loi, xu ly ch^t thai, cong hinh y td, giAo due va thd thao giai doan 2010 - 2016 tai thanh phd Hoa Binh, huyen Luong Son va KySon.
2.2. Phirong ph^p nghifin cuu
- Phuong phap thu thap sd hSu: Nguon so lifiu thii cap dupe thu thap tai Cue Tiidng ke tinh Hoa Binh, So Tai nguyen va Moi trudng tinh Hoa Binh va cac ca quan lien quan. Ngudn sd Ueu so cJLp dupe thu thap thong qua bang hoi dd xac dinh nhung kho
khan, ton tai va nhirng yeu td tac ddng ddn cong tac thu hdi dat. Ddi tupng didu tra la cac cong chue, viSn chiic tham gia true tiep hoac co lien quan den eong tac thu hdi dat tai So Tai nguyen Moi trudng tinh Hda Binh, Trung tam Phat hien Quy dlit tinh Hda Binh, Hpi ddng Bdi thudng, hd tro-, tai dinh cu va UBND cae xa, phuong trSn dia ban nghien ciiu...
Thang do Dkert 5 cap dupe sir dtuig de danh gia miic dp anh hudng eua cac yeu td den cong tac thu hdi dat, gdm: (5) rat anh huong; (4) anh huong; (3) binh thudng; (2) khong anh hudng; (1) hoan toan khdng anh hudng (Likert 1932). Co' m^u didu tra tuan theo nguyen tac it nhat phai bang 4 hay 5 lan so bien trong phan tich nhan td. Ddi voi nghien ciiu nay da dd xuat 21 bien quan sat (Bang 1), do vay sd mau tdi thieu can phai dieu tia la 84 (Hoang Trpng Chu va Nguydn Mong Ngpc, 2008).
TT A I 1 2 3 4 II 5 6 7 III 8 9 10 11 12 IV 13 14 15 16 V 17 18 19 20 21 B 1 2
Bang 1. Thang do cic via t6 i n h huong din cdng tec thu hoi dSt Yeu to
Bi& doc lap
Nhom yeu to chinh sach, phap luat dat dai Quy hoach, k^ hoach sir dung dat (SDD) Boi thudng, ho tro, tai dinh cu (BT, HT, TDC) Giai quy^t khi^u nai
Dang ky dat dai, cap giay chiing nhan quyen SDD Nhom yeu td tai chinh
Gia dat boi thuong Gia boi thudng tai san Ngudn vdn
Nhdm yeu td ve thira dat Vi tri thua dat DiSn tich Mue dich SDD Kha nang sinh loi Yeu td phap ly ve thira dat Nhdm yeu td hen quan den nguoi SDD Thu nhap ciia ngudi dan
Trinh dd dan tri Hidu biet phap luat ve dat dai Van hda, tdn giao, phong tuc tap quan Nhdm yeu td to chiic thuc hien Xay dung phuong an BT, HT, TDC Trien khai cdng tac BT, HT, TDC Kha nang xir ly cdng viec ciia can bd Cdng tac chi dao, phdi hop cua cac bdn lien quan Cdng tac tuyen truyen, van ddng
Bien phu thudc
Anh hudng den tien dd va hieu qua thuc hien du an Anh hudng den ph^t trien kinh td, xa hdi - mdi trudng
Ky hieu
Ql Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 QIO Q U I Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23
KHOA HOC C d N G NGHE
- Phuong phap xii ly va phan tich du lieu: Dp tin cay va gia tri cua thang do dupe kiem dinh thong qua phan tich he sd Cronbach's alpha va phan tieh nhan td kham pha (Exploratory Factor Analysis - EFA).
Thang do dam bao dp tin eay khi he sd alpha nam h-ong khoang gia tri [0,6 - 0,95] (Hair va cs, 1998) va he sd tuong quan bien tong (dimg de danh gia su hpp ly ciia cae bien dim vao mo hinh nghien ciiu)
>0,3 (Hoang Trpng Chu va Nguyen Mong Ngpc, 2008). EFA diing dd danh gia hai loai gia tri quan trpng cua thang do la gia tri h6i tu va gia tn phan biet EFA phai thoa man cac dieu kien sau: he so tai nhan td (Factor loading > 0,5; 0,5 < KMO < 1; tdng phuong sai giai thich (Total Variance Explamed) Ion hon 50%; he sd Barlett's voi miic y nghia Sig. nho hon 0,05; he sd Eigenvalue >= 1 (Hair va cs, 1998). Phan tich hdi quy tuyen tinh da bien dupe su dung de xac dinh miic dp anh huong ciia cac yeu td den eong tac thu hdi dat tai tinh Hda Binh. Phan mem Microsoft Excel va SPSS 20.0 dupe su dung de xir ly va phan tich dii lieu.
- Phuong phap chuyen gia: dupe sir dung dd tiiara van y kien cua cac nha quan ly, cong chue, vien chiic lam viec trong nganh tai nguyen va m6i trudng ciia tinh Hda Bmh ve nhimg van de khd khan, han che va cae giai phap dd xuat trong cong tac thu hdi
3. KET QUA NGHBI CUU VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Thuc ta-^ng thu hoi dit xay dung k^t ciu h^
t ^ g t^i dia b ^ nghidn cihi giai doan 2010 - 2016 Trong nhirng nam qua de dat dupe mue heu phat trien ket cau ha tang ddng bp, dac biet la ket cau ha tang giao th6ng nham tao da phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, nang cao hieu qua va sire canh tranh cua ndn kmh te theo Nghi quyet Dai hpi Dang bp tinh Hda Binh nhiem ky 2010 - 2015 de ra, cong tac thu hdi dat luon duoc cae cap, cac nganh cua tinh Hda Binh quan tam nhlm tao quy dat dap iing cho cac cong trinh theo quy hoach. Ket qua thu hdi dat tiong giai doan 2010 - 2016 tai 3 dia ban nghien ciiu eho thay, c6 139 du an da hoan thanh cong tac giai phdng mat bang (GPMB) vdi dien tich 199,58 ha (Bang 2).
Bang 2. K^t qua thu hoi dat x4y dipig kft ciu ha ting tai 3 dia bto nghidn ciiu giai doan 2010 - 2016 TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Nam 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Tdng
Thanh phd Hda Binh Sddu
an 10 12 11 25 8 16 19 101
Dien tich (ha) 17,55 15,40 4,90 28,50
1,63 8,43 4,01 80,42
Huyen Luong Son Sd du
an 3 0 3 7 4 4 7 28
Dien tich (ha) 6,00 0,00 2,48 27,46 5,26 5,76 3,21 50,17
Huyen Ky Son Sddu
an 2 2 1 1 1 3 0 10
Didn tich (ha) 1,90 63,58
0,05 2,00 0,92 0,54 0,00 68,98
Tdng Sddu
an 15 14 15 33 13 23 26 139
Dien tich (ha) 25,46 78,98 7,43 57,96 7,80 14,73
7,22 199,58 Sd lieu d' bang 2 cho thay, thanh phd Hda Binh
CO sd du an va dien tieh thu hdi nhieu nhat (chiem 72,66% va 40,30% tdng sd du an va dien tich thu hdi tuong ling); tiep den la huyen Luong Son vdi 28 du an va dien tich thu hdi la 50,17 ha; cuoi cimg la huyen Ky Son chi cd 10 du an dup'c thuc hien cho giai doan 2010 - 2016 voi dien tich la 68,98 ha. Nam
Bang 3. K^t qua thu hdi dit tri^n khai du ^ xay 6ms k^t cau ha t ^ g tai 3 dia ban nghifin cmi giai doan 2010 - 2016
2013, sd cong tiinh dupe thuc hien nhieu nhat vcn 33 du an va nam 2011 co dien tich thu hdi Ion nhat voi 78,98 ha. Phan Idn cac du an thu hdi dat trong giai doan nghien cihi tap cho mue tieu phat trien cac cong trinh giao thong vdi 76 du an va dien tich la 152,24 ha (chidm 54,68% tdng so du an va 74,28%
tdng dien tich thu hdi) (Bang 3).
TT 1 2 3
Loai duan Giao due Giao thdng Bai rac thai
TP Hda Binh Sd duan
10 55 3
Dien tich (ha) 2,35 51,80 6,09
Huyen Luong Son Sd
duan 1 15 0
Didn tich (ha) 0,11 34,12 0,00
Huyen Ky Son Sd du
an 1 6 1
Didn tich (ha) 0,03 66,31
2,00
Tdng Sd duan
12 76 4
Dien tich (ha) 2,49 152,24
8,09 138 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2018
4 5 6
Thiiy loi Th^thao Ytd Tong
23 1 9 101
16,99 0,11 3,08 80,42
8 0 4 28
11,63 0,00 4,31 50,17
0 1 1 10
0,00 0,49 0,14 68,98
31 2 14 139
28,62 0,60 7,54 199,58 Ket qua didu tia 84 eong chiic, vi6n chiic tren dia
ban nghien ciiu cho thay, eong tac thu hoi dat nhan dupe su quan tam cua cac cap, cae nganh va dac biet nhan duoc su iing hd cua ngudi dan vdi sd phieu danh gia tuong iing la 65,71% va 71,43%. Trong qua trinh thuc hien cong tac thu hdi dit, chinh sach, phap luat ve BT, HT, TDC ddu dupe phd bidn rpng rai den ngudi dan (chidm 100%) theo cac hinh thiic
phd bien la: hpp dan va niem yet tai td dan phd.
Ngoai ra, hinh thiic phd bien khac la ddi thoai, giai thich cho ngudi dan cung dupe ap dung. Trong qua trinh thuc hien, cong tac thu hdi dat gSp kha nhieu ap luc h6n quan ddn hdn dp thuc hien du an, siic ep hi ngudi dan va van de giai ngan cua du an. Trong do, siic ep ve tien dp du an chiem ty Ie Idn nhat vol 61,90% (Bang 4).
STT 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 3.1 3.2 4 4 1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.3
Bing 4. Ddnh gia ciia cdng chiic, vidn chiic vd tri^n khai cdng t^c thu hdi dit Tieu chi danh gia
Su quan tam cua cac cap, cac nganh Rit quan tam
Quan tam Khdng y kien it quan tam
Hoan toan khdng quan tam Su ung hd ciia ngudi dan Rat ung hd
Unghd Khdng iing hd it ting hd
Hoan toan khdng iing hd
Viec phd bien chinh sach, phap luat ve thu hdi dat Cd
Khdng
Su ap luc khi thuc hien thu hdi dat Rat ap luc
Apluc Khdng y kien Khdng bi ap luc Hoan toan khdng bi ap luc Ly do bi ap luc Tien dd thuc hien du an Siic ep tii ngudi dan Van de giai ngan ciia du an
Tan suat 84 39 30 15
84 26 34 14 10
84 0 84 31 43 10 0 0 84 53 9 22
Tyle(%) 100,00
46,43 35,71 17,86 0,00 0,00 100,00
30,95 40,48 16,67 11,90 0,00 0,00 100,00
0,00 100,00
36,90 51,20 11,90 0,00 0,00 100,00
63,10 10,71 26,19 Ket qua danh gia vd miie bdi thudng, hd trp- tai
bang 5 cho thay, tren 70% sd ngudi dupe dieu tra danh gia don gia boi thudng dat d' va dat phi ndng nghiep la phii hpp, tuy nhien ty le nay rit tiiap ddi vdi dat n6ng nghiep (chidm 17,86%). Mot trong nhiing ly do chinh din den viec xae dinh gia dit bdi thudng
chua phii hpp xuat phat tir viec xac dinh gia dit quy dinh thip, ngoai ra day la loai dat it duoc chuyen nhuong tren thi trudng nen viec xac dinh gia dat cu the cdn gap khd khan. Ddi vdi chinh saeh hd tra khi tiiu hdi dit nhin chung duoc danh gia la phii hpp, song cdn 17,86% sd ddi tupng dupe didu tra danh gia
KHOA HOC C 6 N G NGHfi
chua phii hgp ma nguyen nhan chinh la do kinh phi hd trp con cham va tai mpt sd du an chinh sach hd tvg chuyen ddi nghd nghiep va tim Idem viee lam chua hieu qua, gay khd khan cho viec dn dinh ddi sdng cua ngudi dan.
Bang 5. Danh giA ciia can b6 vd thuc trang bdi thudng, hd tra, t ^ dinh cu TT
1 1.1 1.2 2 2.1 2.2 3 3.1 3.2 4
Chi tieu danh gia Gia bdi thudng dat d Phil hop Chua phii hop
Gia bdi thudng dat phi ndng nghiep
Phil hap Chua phu hop Gia bdi thudng dat nong nghiep
Phil hop Chua phu hop Danh gia ve chinh sach hd U-o
Tan suat 84 65 19 84 72 12 84 15 69 84
Tyle
(%)
100,00 77,38 22,62 100,00 85,71 14,29 100,00 17,86 82,14 100,00
TT 3.1 3.2 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.1
Chi tieu danh gia Phil hop
Chua phii hop Chinh sach tai dinh cu Phil hop
Chua phii hop ChitratidnBT,HT,TDC Dung thdi han Cham
Tan suit 69 15 84 73 11 84 66 18
Tyle
(%)
82,14 17,86 100,00 86,90 13,10 100,00
78,57 21,43 Viec hoan thien cae tuyen duong cao tdc Hda Lac - Hoa Binh, dudng Chi Lang keo dai, cac cong trinh thuy Ipi... dem lai nhiing thanh tuu quan trpng, gop phan khai thae va phat huy cac loi the ve san xuat nong, lam nghiep, thiiy san theo hudng hang hoa, phat trien cac nganh cong nghiep chii luc, thiic day tang trudng kinh te, tien bo xa hpi va cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan.
3.2. Cac ydu t^ anh hiroog d^n c6ng t^c thu hoi dat phat triln k^t cau ha ting trfin dia ban tinh Hda Binh
3.2.1. Phan tich dp tin cay cua thang do
Bien I Ql Q2 Q3 Q4 II Q5 Q6 Q7 III Q8 Q9 QIO O i l Q12
B i n g 6. K^t qua p h t a tich dO tin cSy d i a He sd tuong quan bien tdng
Nhdm yeu td chinh sach, phap luat dat dai (Cronbach's Alpha - 0,822)
0,527 0,485 0,468 0,539
Nhdm yeu td tai chinh (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,742) 0,419
0,486 0,473
Nhdm yeu td ve thiia dat (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,853) 0,491
0,290 0,610 0,525 0,592
Bien IV Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 V Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21
thang do
He sd tuong quan bien tdng Nhdm yeu td hen quan den ngudi SDD (Cronbach's Alpha - 0,917)
0,615 0,586 0,692 0,650
Nhdm ydu td td chue thuc hien (Cronbach's Alpha = 0,840)
0,733 0,422 0,532 0,335 0,371
Dp tin eay eiia thang do dupe danh gia bang phucmg phap n h i t quan noi tai qua he sd Cronbach's Alpha. Ke't qua kiem dinh tai bang 6 cho thiy cac thang do deu cd he so Cronbach's Alpha nSm trong khoang 0,6 - 0,95. Vd ly thuyet he sd nay cang cao thi thang do cang co do tin eay cao, tuy nhien didu nay
khong hoan toan chinh xac vi he sd Cronbach's Alpha qua Idn {> 0.95) eho thay cd nhieu bidn trong thang do khong ed su khac biet, day la hien tupng nay gpi la trimg lap trong thang do (Nguydn Dinh Tho, 2013). Gia hi Alpha Ion hon 0,8 la tiiang do luong tdt; tir 0,7 den 0,8 la sir dung duoc; tir 0,6 trd 140 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2018
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE len la cd thd su dung trong trudng hpp van de nghien
ciiu la mdi (Nunnally, 1994). Nhu vay, nghien ciiu nay cd 4 thang do dat gia tri tdt vdi he sd Alpha > 0,8 va 1 thang do cd gia tri sir dung dupe vdi he sd Alpha la 0,742.
He s6 Cronbach's Alpha dupe sir dung dd do luong do tin cay ciia thang do va xac dmh cac bidn cd lien ket vdi nhau hay khong chii khong tinh ducrc dp tin cay cho timg bien quan sat. Do dd, de xac dinh nhiing bidn nao du dieu kien cho phan tieh nhan to kham pha thi can tinh toan he so tuong quan giira bien tdng (Nguyen Dinh Tho, 2013). Theo Hair va cs.
(1998) he sd tuong quan bidn tdng dat yeu ciu khi Ion hon 0,3. Ket qua phan tich cho thay, trong tdng sd 21 bidn dua vao nghien ciiu thi ed 20 bien co gia tri Idn hon 0,3 nen du dam bao dua vao mo hinh nghien ciiu tiep theo, cdn bidn "dien tich" do cd gia tn la 0,29 (<0,3) nen duoc loai bo vi khong dam bao do tin cay.
3.2.2. Phan tich nhan tdkhimphi Phan tieh nhan td kham pha, gpi tit la EFA, diing de nit gon mot tap hgp k bidn quan sat thanh mpt tap F (vol F < k) cac nhan td cd y nghia hon. Ket Bang 8. Kdt qua giai thich
qua kiem dinh tinh thich hop trong EFA tai bang 7 cho tiiay, he sd KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkm) = 0,739 va kidm dinh Barlett (Bartletf s test of sphericity) co gia tii Sig. = 0,000 ehiing td cae bidn quan sat co tuong quan vdi nhau, ddng thdi so lieu thuc te hoan toan phu hop vdi phan tich EFA.
Bang 7. Kdt qua kigm dinh KMO va Bartletf s Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of
Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett'sTest of Sphericity
Approx. Chi-Square df Sig.
0,739 643.815
190 0,000 Ket qua danh gia miie do giai thich ciia cac bidn quan sat hong mo hinh cho thay he sd Eigenvalues > 1 va gia tn kidm dmh phuong sai cpng ddn bang 72,19% (> 50%) khang dinh sd heu phii hpp cho phan tich nhan td. Nhu vay, 72,19%
thay doi cua cac nhan td dupe giai tiiich bdi cac bidn quan sat (bang 8).
cua cac bien trong m6 hinh
Bien
Ql Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
Q20
Hd sd Eigenvalues Tdng
7,099 2,518 2,022 1,557 1,243 0,919 0,804 0,711
0,053
Phuong sal
(%)
35,496 12,589 10,108
7,784 6,215 4,593 4,021 3,557
0,263 Tich luy
(%)
35.496 48,085 58,193 65,977 72,191 76,785 80,806 84,363
100,000
Tdng phuong sal giai thich Tdng
7,099 2,518 2,022 1,557 1,243
Phuong sal
(%)
35,496 12,589 10,108 7,784 6,215
Tich liiy
(%)
35,496 48,085 58,193 65,977 72,191
Xoay tdng tai binh phuong Tdng
3,672 3,014 2,866 2,840
2,044 Phuong
sai(%) 18,361 15,071 14,329 14,213 10,218
Tich luy
(%)
18,361 33,432 47,761 61,973 72,191
Ket qua ma tian nhan td xoay cho Ihay, tir 5 nhdm ydu td vdi 20 bie'n quan sat duoc sip xdp thanh 5 nhdm khong theo tiiii hr ban dau. Theo Hair va cs (1998) he sd tai > 0,3 duoc xem la dat mirc tdi thieu; he sd tai > 0,4
duoc xem la quan tiong; he sd tai > 0,5 dttpe xem la cd y nghia thuc tidn. He sd tai eiia cac bidn tiong eac thang do ddu cd gia tri >0,5. Nhu vay, cac bien dua vao mo hinh nghien cuu cd y nghia thuc hdn.
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHt
Bien Q14 Q13 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q19 Q20 Q21 Q18 Q4 Q3 Q2 Ql QIO Q l l Q12 Q8 Q6 Q5 Q7
Bang 9. Ma trSn nhto td xoay Thanh phan 1
,872 ,856 ,833 ,792
2
,578 ,919 ,881 ,736 ,601
3
,884 ,767 ,766 ,681
4
,872 ,811 ,724 ,679
5
,783 ,758 ,709 3.2.3 Phan tieh hdi quy
Ket qua phan tich hdi quy da bien cho thiy, gia tri R2 hieu chinh = 0,764 la tuong ddi Ion, c6 nghia eac bidn doc lap trong mo hinh cd the giai thich duoe 76,40% su thay ddi cua bien phu thuoc. He sd Sig. = 0,00 (nho hon miic y nghia 5%), chiing to mo hinh
phu hpp. He sd dp phdng dai phuong sai VIF ciia cac thang do trong mo hinh ddu nhd hon 10, do dd khong cd hien tupng da cpng tuydn. Ben canh dd, he sd d cua kiem dinh Durbm - Watson cd gia tri 2,138, thoa man dieu kien 1 < d < 3p, nen khong co hien tupng tu tuong quan.
Bang 10. Kdt qua phan tich hdi quy tuydn tinh Nhdm yeu td
Nhdm ydu td chinh sach, phap luat dat dai Nhdm yeu td tai chinh
Nhdm ydu td ve thua dat
Nhdm yeu td lien quan den ngudi SDD Nhdm yeu td td chue thuc hien
He sd (|3) chuan hda 0,287 0,312 0,214 0,263 0,294
Thdng ke da cdng tuyen Sai sd (Sig.)
0,000 0,000 0,000 0,000
VIF 1,049 1,041 1,158 1,481 Sig.F-0,000
He sd R hieu chinh = 0,7(54 Durbin-Watson - 2,138
Ket qua phan tich tuong quan cho tiiay, he sd (p) chuan hda ddu mang dau duong, chimg to ca 5 nhdm yeu td deu anh huong den cong tac thu hdi dit tai tinh Hoa Binh. Trong do, nhom ydu td tai chinh co miic dp anh hudng Idn nhat voi he sd (p) chuan hda
la 0,312. Bdn nhdm yeu td cdn lai cd miic dp anh hudng xdp theo thii tu tir eao den thap nhu sau:
nhdm yeu td td chirc thuc hien, nhdm ydu td chinh sach, phap luat dat dai, nhdm yeu td lien quan den ngudi SDD va nhdm yeu td vd thua dat (Bang 10).
142 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11/2018
3.3. Dinh g i l nhttng thuan Igri vd khd khan trong cdng tic thu hdi dit
Trong nhirng nam qua de dau tu xay dung ket cau ha ting thuc su la mdt trong ba khau dot pha, thiic day, tao dieu kien cho cac nganh, linh vuc khac phat tiien, cac cip, cac nganh cua tinh Hda Binh luon quan tam, tim cac giai phap dly nhanh tien dp GPMB tao quy dat sach thu hiit dau tu va tao hen de cho phat tridn kinh te - xa hpi. Dac biet, ddi voi cac du an Idn, du an trpng diem nhu: dudng cao tdc Hoa Lac - thanh phd Hda Binh, dudng thi trln Luong Son - Tidn Son, dudng Chi Lang keo dai..., tinh chi dao cac nganh thudng xuyen di kiem tra thuc td de ehi dao va kiem diem tien dp. Khi phat sinh vuong mlc phai tap trung hudng din ho$c tham muu dd xult vdi UBND tinh thao go'. Cong tac tai dinh cu ciing dac biet dupe quan tam bing viec chuan hi du quy dat tai dinh cu, lam tdt ha tang khu tai dinh cu, phe duyet gia dat tai dinh cu trudc khi thuc hien di chuyen GPMB dit d eua nhan dan. Ngoai ra, cong tac do dac ban do dia chinh, d p gily chimg nhan quyen SDD cung dupe dly manh. Tuy nhien, ket qua didu tra cho thay, cdng tac thu hdi dat cdn gap mpt sd khd khan vabatcapsau:
- Co chd, chinh sach phap luat eon nhieu b i t cap, mot sd quy dinh ve boi thuong, hd trp', tai dinh cu kh6ng phii hpp, dae biet la chinh sach hd trp- dit tiong cay lau nam tiong cimg thiia dat cd nha d', hien chi hd tiff nhu dat nong nghiep khac. Cac quy dinh phap luat ve dat dai thudng xuyen thay ddi din den kho khan, vuong mlc trong viec ap dung ehinh sach bdi thudng, hd trp', tai dinh cu. Ngoai ra, chinh sach ban hanh sau co loi hon nhidu so vdi chinh sach ban hanh trudc din den khd khan tiong viec xu ly bdi thuong ddi vdi nhirng du an chuydn tiep giua chinh sach ca va chinh sach mdi.
- Viee xae dinh gia dat boi thudng tai mot sd du an khong phii hpp lam phat smh nhidu don thu khidu nai, khieu kien. Ngoai ra, viec xay dung cac khu tai dinh cu cho ngudi hi thu hdi dat tai mot sd du an cdn cham, gay kho khan cho ngudi dan khi dn dinh cupc sdng. Ben canh dd, viec ap dung nguyen tic, phuong phap dinh gia dit de xay dimg bang gia d i t nong nghiep eon nhidu didm chua phii hpp.
- Mpt sd du an keo dai tiidi gian thuc hien do thieu vdn, qua trinh thi cdng cham trd, trong khi gia dat thi tnrdng tiong khu vuc tang nen da phat sinh kien nghi cua ngudi dan ve khung gia dat bdi thuong.
Ngoai ra, tien do giai ngan ngudn vdn cdn cham anh huong den tien dd thuc hien du an so voi ke hoach xay dung.
- Su phdi hpp giiia ehinh quydn dia phuong, chii dau tu va Hpi ddng bdi tiiudng giai phdng mat bing doi khi thieu chat che, cong tac tuyen truydn, pho bien chua sau rpng nen ngudi dan ehua hidu ro cac che dp chinh sach ciia Nha nude vd quy hoach, quan ly d i t dai, dac biet la nhiing thay ddi cua Luat Dat dai cQ va moi. Dieu nay phat sinh nhUng kien nghi, thic mlc.
- Viec bdi thuong, ho trp ddi vdi tai san dupe tao lap tnroc thdi diem thong bao thu hoi dit nhung vi pham quy dmh vi quan ly, SDD (xay dung khong phep, tiai phep) chua cd quy dinh cu the la mpt trong nhiing nguyen nhan din den nhung phat smh, vudng mlc khi giai quyet chinh sach bdi thudng, ho trp.
- Cong tae quan ly nha nude vd dit dai trudc day cdn mpt sd tdn tai, vudng mac khong dupe giai quydt kip thdi; viec dieu tra, do dac, lap va chinh ly hd sa dm chinh khong dupe cap nhat kip thdi; cdn nhidu dien tich dit su dung chua co giay td^ nhieu tiuong hpp su dung dat chua diing vdi thuc td; viee quan ly quy dit cong ich 5% cdn buong long... gay khd khan cho viec xac dinh xac dinh ngudn gde dat de xay dung phuong an bdi thudng, ho trp'. Ben canh dd, viee quan ly dat luu khong cdn bi budng long, viec ngudi dan lan chiem mat bing phan dat da ehi tra bdi thudng do nha than chua tridn khai thi cong... cung la nhung kho khan trong giai phong mat bing cac du an ket cau ha tang.
- Trinh dp nang luc eiia mpt sd can bp cdn han chd, ben canh do c6ng tac tuyen truyen phd bien phap luat vi bdi thudng, hd trp", tai dinh cu cho ngudi bi thu hdi dat chua thuc su hieu qua nen ngudi dan chua nIm b i t duoc dly du cac quy dinh phap luat ve trinh tu, thu tuc bdi thudng khi Nha nude THD.
3.4. Giai phdp nang cao hieu qua c6ng tac thu hdi dat t?u tinh Hoa Binh
3.4.1. Giii phap chinh sich
Nghien cuu, ban hanh chinh sach thu hdi dat, bdi thudng, ho trp', tai dinh eu phii hpp vdi yeu elu tiiuc tidn ddi sdng; bao dam tinh thdng nhIt, ddng bp ve noi dung, tianh su ehdng cheo, mau thuln. Ngoai ra, can hoan thien quy djnh xac dinh gia dat phii hpp vdi gia thi trudng, trong dd Nha nude can nghien ciiu thanh lap co quan, td chiic dinh gia chuyen nghiep,
KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE ddc lap vdi dia vi phap ly ro rang va ehiu ti-ach nhiem
truoe phap luat ve hoat dong dinh gia. Nha nude ddng vai trd la nguoi quan ly gia dit ma khong tham gia true tiep vao cong tac tu van, dinh gia dat.
3.4.2. Giii phap ngudn vdn
Bd sung, hoan thien co che tai chinh, huy dong vdn ddi voi td chiic phat trien quy dat va quy phat tridn dat; nang cao hieu qua cong tac diu gia quyen SDD dd tang ngudn von cho quy phat trien dit; thuc hien chinh sach phan bd tien SDD, tien thue dat theo hudng dam bao uu tien ngudn vdn cho eong tae bdi thudng, giai phdng mat bing va dau tu kdt can ha ting nhlm tang gia tri dit, tao lap thi tiuong bat dong san phat trien. Ben canh dd, ngoai cac ngudn vdn cua tinh, cua dia phuong, can mo rong hinh thiie xa hpi hda. Xem xet ap dung co ehe "chia se loi ich"
da dugc thuc hien hieu qua 6' cac nude tren the gidi nhlm mue dich tao quan he ddi tae dai han giira nha diu tu va epng dong dan cu dia phuong theo eae hinh thuc: giam gia eung cap dien, nuoc cho dan cu dia phuong; chuyen mpt phan ngudn thu ngan saeh nha nude eho chinh quyen dia phuong va chia se ngudn thu cho nhirng nguoi bi anh hudng ...
3.4.3. Giii phip quin ly, cap nhat ho so dia chinh Hoan thien cdng tae dang ky dit dai, d p gily chiing nhan quyen sir dung; cap nhat hd sa dia chinh lam Cff SO' xae dinh ddi tupng bdi thudng, hd trp".
Ngoai ra, can tang cudng van dong, tuyen truydn ngudi SDD chip hanh quy dinh dang ky bien dong khi thue hien ehuydn chuyen quyen SDD. Ddng thdi, can tang cuong kiem tra, ngan chan kip thoi va xu phat vi pham hanh ehinh cae hudng hgp lan, chidm dat nhlm tao didu kien thuan loi eho viec xac dinh ngudn gde dit khi lap phuong an bdi thuong, hd trp', tai dinh cu.
3.4.4. Giai phip tuyen truydn, phd bid'n ehinh sach, phip lu$t
Tang cudng cong tac tuyen truydn, phd bidn, giao due phap luat dat dai noi chung va phap luat ve thu hdi, bdi thudng GPMB cho nhan dan; tang eudng kiem tra, giam sat qua trinh thue hien cong tac nay nhlm phat hien, chin chinh kip thdi nhiing ydu kem, sai pham va xir ly nghiem ddi vdi cae dia phuong khong thue hien hoac thuc hien viec tuyen truydn, phd bien phap luat mdt each hinh thiic. Ben canh do, cin tang cuong su lanh dao ciia cac cap iiy dang, chinh quydn, phat huy vai trd cua cac td chue doan
the trong tuyen truyen, van dong nhan dan chap hanh cac quy dinh cua phap luat.
3.4.5. Giii phip td chiie thue hidn
- Kien toan, nang eao nang luc cua trung tam phat trien quy dat va hpi ddng bdi thudng, hd trp, tai dinh cu. Khi thanh lap hpi ddng bdi thudng cd th^ bd sung them mpt sd thanh vien vdi mue dich cimg giam sat va phdi hop tuyen truyen, van dong, thuyet phuc nhan dan chap hanh chii truong, giai thich dd nguoi dan hieu ro mue dieh viec thu hoi dat, quydn va nghia vu ciia minh khi Nha nude thuc hien giai tda.
- Day manh cai each hanh chinh, nang cao tinh thin trach nhiem ciia d c td chiic, ca nhan lien quan ddn cac thu hdi dat, bdi thudng giai phong mat bang... Ngoai ra, can tang cudng thanh tra, kiem tia cac CO quan cd tham quyen thu hdi dat, td chiic lam nhiem vu bdi thudng, UBND d p xa va eac co quan cd Uen quan tiong qua trinh thuc hidn cac quy dinh vd trinh tu thii tuc thu hdi dit, bdi thuong, hd trp va tai dinh cu nhlm phat hidn, chin chinh kip thdi nhiing yeu kem, sai pham va xii ly nghiem minh d e vi pham ve trinh tu, thu tuc thu hdi dat, bdi thudng va hd trp khi Nha nuoc thu hdi dit.
4 . KET LUAN
- Cong tac thu hdi dat cho mue tieu phat trien ket d u ha ting dupe xae dinh la mdt nhiem vu trpng tam tiong eong tae quan ly dit dai cua tinh Hda Binh nhlm thu hiit dau tu va phat trien kinh te theo hudng ben viing. Trong giai doan 2010 - 2016 tdng sd du an bi thu hoi dat cho phat tridn cac cong trinh giao thong, thiiy lgi, giao due, rac thai va y te tai thanh pho Hda Binh, huyen Luong Son va Ky Son la 139 du an voi dien tich thu hdi 199,58 ha. Thanh phd Hda Binh cd sd du an va dien tich thu hdi nhidu nhIt vol 101 du an va dien tieh thu hoi 80,42 ha (chiem 72,66%
va 40.30% tdng sd du an va dien tich thu hdi tuong ling); huyen Luong Son voi 28 du an va dien tieh thu hdi 50,17 ha; huyen Ky Son chi cd 10 du an voi dien tich 68,98 ha. Phan Idn cac du an tiiuc hien phat tridn cac cong trinh giao thong vdi 76 du an va dien tich thu hdi 152,24 ha (chiem 54,68% tong sd du an va 74,28% tdng dien tich tiiu hdi).
- Cac yeu td anh hudng den cong tac tiiu hdi dit phat tiien ket d u ha tang tren dia ban tinh Hoa Binh xep theo thii tir tir eao den thap nhu: nhdm yeu td tai chinh; nhdm yeu td td chiic tiiuc hien; nhom ydu td
144 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 11 /2018
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE chinh sach, phap luat dat dai; nhdm ydu td lien quan
den ngirin SDD va nhdm yeu td ve thiia dat.
- Dd nang cao hieu qua thu hdi dit tai tinh Hoa Binh d n tap trung thuc hien ddng bp 5 nhdm giai phap ve: chinh sach; tang cudng ngudn vdn; quan ly, cap nhat hd sff dia chinh; tuyen truydn, phd bien chinh sach, phap lu^t; td chiic thuc hien.
TAI UBI THAM KHAO
1. Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang (2012).
Nghi quyet sd 13-NQ/TW Hgi nghi lin tiiir 4 Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khda XI vd xay dung he thdng kdt d u ha ting ddng bp nham dua nude ta CO ban tid thanh nude c6ng nghiep tiheo hudng hien dai vao nam 2020. Ngay 16 thang 1 nam 2012 eua Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang.
2. Hoang Trpng Chu va Nguydn Mong Ngpc (2008). Phan tich dii lieu nghien ciiu voi SPSS. Nha xuat ban Hdng Diic. Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
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4. Nguydn Dinh Thp (2013). Phuong phap nghien ciru khoa hpc tiong kmh doanh. Nxb Lao dong-Xa hgi, Ha Ndi.
5. Thu tuong Chinh phii (2016). Quyet dinh sd 1734/QD-Trg ngay 06 thang 09 nam 2016 ve phe duyet de an "Chinh sach phat trien dong bg ket cau ha tang, gin phat trien ket d u ha tang trong nude vol mang ludi ha tang tiong cac hen kdt khu vuc".
6. Hair Jr. J. F., Anderson R. E., Tatiiam R. L. and Black W. C. (1998). Multivariate Data Analysis (5th ed.). New York: Macmillan Pubhshing Company.
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Vol. 140, No 55.
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Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill.
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Industrialisation-led displacement and long-term welfare: Evidence from West Bengal. Oxford Development Stiidies, 45(3), 240 - 259.
SITUATION AND SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE EFHCIENCY OF LAND ACQUISITION FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT HOA BINH PROVINCE
Nguyen Van Quan, Nguyen Thi Kim Yen, Ngo Thi Ha, Bui Nguyen Hanh, Phan Thi Thanh Huyen Summary
The study was conducted to evaluate the current situation and propose solutions to overcome shortcomings in land acquisition in three regions, including: Hoa Binh city, Luong Son and Ky Son distnct, Methodologys used include: pnmary data collecUon; expert methodology combined with quesUonnaire survey of 84 officers to identify constraints and factors affecting land acquisition. In the penod of 2010 - 2016, there were 139 projects with an area of 199.58 ha recovered. Of these. 76 projects with an area of 152.24 ha were used for traffic projects (accounUng for 54.68% of the total number of projects and 74.28% of the total area). The study identified five groups of factors that affect land acquisition and are classified as follows: (1) financial;
(2) organize the implementation; (3) land policies and laws; (4) landlords; (5) land parcel. Land acquisiUon has some obtacles that relate to mechanisms and policies; capital and implementaUon organization. In order to improve the effectiveness of land acquisition in Hoa Binh provmce, it is necessary to implement 5 solution groups as follows: pobcies; capital mobilization; management and update cadastral files, propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws; implementing organization.
Keywwords: Land acquisition, infrastructure, Hoa Binh province.
Ngudi phan bito: TS. Nguydn Van Tri Ngay nhan bai: 4/9/2018 Ngay thdng qua phan bi6n: 5/10/2018 Ngay duydt dang: 12/10/2018
