Luu Van Quyet. HuNnh Tam Sang .Midn to vdn hoa trong quan /i<' Viet -'^'f{^ " 1^—^-^-^^
O I 0 2 0 V>$f> N g h i ^ aniAnOowilkt Nam A Tap chi Nghi#n a r u £n D6 vd ChSu A S6 6 [91), thing 6-2020 http://viis3s.vass.gov vn ISSN 0866-7314
Nhan to van hoa trong quan he Viet Nam - An Do:
Tir goe nhin lich su* va thoi dai
Liru I an Quyet', Huynh Tam Sdng''
Truang Dgi hge Khoa hge .\'d hgi vd .\lidn vdn - Dpi hge Qudc gia Tp. Hd Chi Mmh
\gav nhgn bdi- 24/02 20211. ngdy gin phdn bifn. 06/05/2020. ngdy duyei ddng 02^/2020
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iiven suit chiiu ddi lich sir. quan he Viel Nam - An Dp mang ddu dn vdn hoa sdu sac, Vdn hda la ca s& cho quan he song phirang vd cdng la "chat keo " gdn ket giira hai qudc gia. Tir gdc nhin thdi dgi. vdn hoa la dgng luc cho quan he hai nude. Bai viel ldm ro nhdn Id vdn hoa trong quan he Viet Nam - An Do tir gdc nhin ljch su vd thdi dgi di Idm ro tinh chdt nen tdng vd hipn dgi cua nhdn ti nay. Qua do, bai viit khdng djnh vdn hoa dang la nhdn to thiic day suphdt trien cua quan heViet Nam - An Do.
Tir khda: Ljch su. quan h? Vi?t Nam - An Dp, thdi dai, vdn hda
Mff dau
Tir thdi ed dgi, nhan to van hda da duac sir dyng de khang djnh vj the vd quydn lyc, the hien nhiing chidu kich trong tu duy bang giao qudc te vd phdt trien cdc mdi quan he. Van hod hd trp vd thuc day quan h? giii:a cdc qudc gia vi nd khdng "dong khung" trong nhung hinh thuc cimg ran nhu luat phdp, hiep udc, the che va cac cau true kinh te ciiiig nhu quan sy. Khi anh hudng ciia nen chinh tri bdn sde (identity politics) ddi vdi cac mong tac trong nude va qudc te dang tren dd gia tang thi van hda cang hihi ieh Uong vai trd la mdt cdng ey ddi ngogi. mdl tap hpp cac gia tri giiip cdc qudc gia dinh vi bdn sac vd each thirc Irien khai chinh sdch ddi ngoai. Hieu biet ve vdn hda vd tdm quan trpng cua nd irong vi?c dinh hinh. lde dpng Ien cac quan he song phuang la rat can thiet.
Ddi vdi quan he Viet Nam - An Dp. van hda Id co sd va dpng lyc cho quan he. Van hda giup ly gidi hogl dpng tuong up giira hai nude trong chidu ddi lich sir ddu tranh gidnh ddc lap, dac biet la trong nhimg tuang tdc da chieu vdi cdc cudng qudc phucmg Tdy hiing manh hem. Nhd vao van hda md khoang each dia ly. thd chd chinh tri... khdng la rao cdn cho quan he. Van hda Id nhan td giiip quan he Viet - An khdng van dpng dun thuan theo quan niem hien thyc, cho rang tinh hpp ly (rationality) luon giii' vai trd Idl thupng trong \ iec xac dinh lpi ich qudc gia. V5n hoa cung anh hudng den cdch nhin nhan ciia
liiuquyetvnuJ gniail.com
Nszhicn cim An Do va Chdu A. S6 6 - 2020, u.20-26
Luu \'an Quy^t. Huynh Tam Sdng. Nhdn Id vdn hoa trong quan he Viet Nam -An Do...
mdi qudc gia vd nhau, each md hai qudc gia coi trpng viec con ngudi va \u Iru gan bd vdi cac khai niem hda binh, ly do vd phat trien trong quan he qudc te. Ben canh dd, \ an hoa chi phdi cdch nhin ciia cac nha ianh dgo \ c cac vdn de khu vyc, the gidi vd quan he song phuang. Nghien cuu quan he Viet Nam - An Dp rdt cdn cd sy chu y dung muc vd toan dien han ve vai trd cua van hda trong viec quy dinh nhimg gdc nhin va chi phdi chi6u hudng phdt trien cua quan he.
1. \^a hda - nen tang cho quan he Viet Nam - An Do trong lich su-
ed nhieu each tiep can va djnh nghia ve vdn hda. Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi xem van hda la mdt h? thdng him ca cdc gid tri vat chat vd tinh than do con ngudi sdng Igo \a lich liiy qua hogl dpng thyc iicn, trong sy tuang tdc giO'a con ngudi va xa hpi (Tran Ngoc Them, 1999, tr.lO). Tir rdt sdm, vdn hda Ddng Nam A da cd mdi hen kel da tang vdi nen van minh An Dp. Ten gpi ve ban dao "Indochina"
(Ddng Duong hay Tmng - An) ciing gpi len nhung mdi quan he van hda, tdn gido va ngdn ngtr lau ddi giiJa An Dp va cdc qudc gia trong khu vyc (Naidu, G. V. C, 2010, pp.285-300). Trong tiem thirc eiia cu dan Ddng Nam A, mdi qudc gia cd mirc dp va tinh chdt khae biei nhung sy lien he giiJa An Dp vdi khu vyc tir phuang di^n lich sir va vdn hda la kha rd net,
Tir rat sdm, nen vdn minh An Dp da lan tda vd dnh hudng den nhieu phuang dien trong hch su Vi?t Nam, Dang chii y Id nen triet hpc sir An Dp da xdm nhgp, lan tda va bam re vao vSn hda Vi?t Nam. Anh hudng eiia v5n hda An Dp len vkn hda Vi?t Nam "khong chi g chieu rgng ciia khdng gian md con trong chieu ddi cua thai gian vd trong chieu sdu ciia vdn hoa lich su" (Ngd Xudn Binh, 2012, U.161-170).
Mdc du Vi?t Nam chiu anh hudng ciia vdn minh Tmng Hoa dam net hem van minh An Dp nhung van hda Tmng Hoa nhieu lan la ddi tupng ciia nhung tranh ludn rang ddy thyc chat la "lire ddy" hay "lire cdn" eho sy phdi trien cua Viet Nam. Mac dii nhting tac ddng da chieu ciia van hda Tmng Hoa len sy vgn dpng ciia ddi sdng chinh tri - xa hpi Viet Nam la kha rd net nhung nen van minh An Dp lgi dnh hudng Icn lich sir Viet Nam theo each dn hda hem.
So dl qud trinh giao luu va tidp bidn vdn hda giira An Dp vd Viet Nam dien ra dn hda la nhd vdo khd nang "bdn dia hda" ciia nen van hda Viet Nam, Day Id ddng lyc giij the quan binh va hda binh cho qua trinh tiep thu cd chpn lpc. Thyc te ndy trdi vdi nhtmg giai dogn ma "dong hoa vdn hda" trd thanh lyc can cho quan he giua cde vucmg trieu phong kien Tmng Hoa vd Viet Nam. Trai vdi Trung Qudc, noi md chii nghia tmng tain vdn hda Id dgc Ihii vd tren ca sd dd phan chia thanh cdc khu vorc anh hudng theo phgm vi '"V-iing tdm - ngogi vC (centre - periphery) hay "hdu chu - thdn thugc" (paUon - client) thi van hda An Dp lan Ida theo phuang thire hda binh han vd ciing khdng tao thanh cac ""chdn dgng" (hay ap dgt hoac cudng birc) vdn hda den cac qudc gia tiep nhan. Qua trinh md Viet Nam theo trinh Ur tiep xiic, tiep nhdn va lam hdi htia vdn hda An Dd vdi van hda Viet Nam dien ra theo phucmg thiic hda binh va hda hap, Hda binh la ban chat, hda hpp Id Iinh chdt. Hai dac diem nay bd sung cho nhau.
Tir gdc dp thyc tiln, trong sd cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A da timg anh hudng bdi cac gid tri An Dp,
\*ici Nam la mpt vi du gan gui va sinh ddng (Huynh Tdm Sdng, 2014, tr,20-26), Nhimg bdng chirng khoa hpc hch su da phat hien: cd ba nha tu sT An Dp da din Viet Nam tir the ky I SCN va da tmyen bd dgo Phdt tai VICM Nam, Ciing liic ay, ngudi Nam An ciing dd den Viet Nam vi muc dich thucmg mgi va
Nghien cuu An Do \ a Chau A. Sd 6 - 2020. tr.20-26 21
Luu Van Quyet. Huynh Tam Sang, .\lidn td vdn hoa irong quan IK,' I 'ii'l ^ iimjji^l^^:.:::- trong qua trinh md rdng diucmg mai dd dinh cu lai day. Theo ddng thdi gian, nei neng An Dp d.i hoa lan vdi ngudi Viet vd hp da tra thdnh ngudi \'iei thuan tiiy. Ngudi ta da tim thav mpi % iec dupc neu tren Irong nhihig chuy?n ke. dan ca va Ijch sir Viet Nam. Dac bi?i cd mpt sd ngudi An khdng chi ty dong hda vdi Vi?t Nam md xd hdi vd van hda Vict Nam cung ddn nhgn hp. Bp ipc nguiiri Champa a \ ung My Son, Tmng bp Viet Nam da ty coi minh cd ngudn gdc hi An Dp. Ljch sir va sy tdn tgi cua cie ngdi thdp Champa vdi hinh thii cua cac ddng dd nat vdo thai ky md rdng vuang qudc Champa lir the ky H den the ky XV Id nhimg bdng chiing. C) ddng bang sdng Cim Long, nhidu hi?n vgt the hi?n khia canh \ e mJ thugt va kidn true An Dp gido. vdi nhidu lat cat Uidi gian tir Ih^ ky II va I TCN ddn ign the ky XV SCN (Tmang SJ Himg. 2010, U.36-50). Sy lien kdt trong qua khu cdn dupc thd hi?n d nhidu cdng trinh kien triic, nhirng dieu khde \ a ehu \ icl (chir Phan, chu Chdm cd). Ngay nay, nhirng di tich Phgt giao cd ngudn gdc An Dp hi?n difn d cd ba mien Bdc - Trung - Nam ciia Vi?t Nam. Nhu \ay. sy lan tda van hda An Dp vao Vi?i Nam Id thdng qua thuang mai vd trao ddi y mdng ihay vi chinh phyc bdng cudng biic hay chien tranh.
Tuy nhien. tir xua ngudi Vi?t khdng nhtmg dd Vi?t hda dgo Hindu va dgo Phgt md cdn bien ddi cdc tdn gido ndy sao cho phii hpp vdi mdi trudng bdn dia. Ke tir khi dgo Hindu khdi dau tgi Viet Nam, tinh cdch ciia dgo van gift dupc ve ty do, uyen chuyen so vdi h? thdng dang cap. Nhthig cupc hdn phdi giiia cac dang cap la rat phd bien. Sau khi vuang trieu Champa sup dd, dao Hindu coi nhu ddng hda trong xu hudng chil dgo ciia xa hpi Vi?t Nam. Neu Trung Qudc da xam lupc Vi?t Nam bdng quyen lyc quan sy thi dgo Hindu vd Phgl giao Igi den Vi?t Nam thdng qua cac giao sT Hindu hodc m sT Phgt giao. Nhtrng ngudi nay dd den Viet Nam cimg cac thuang budn true tiep den tii An Dp hoac qua Malaysia. Sau dd, hp dinh cu vd Uong thdi diem thieh hpp, hp da hda nhdp vdi xS hpi Vi?t Nam (Sharma, Geetesh, 2006, pp.25-38).
Ndu vdn hda Tmng Hoa dnh hudng len ddi sdng Viel Nam tren cdc phuang di?n chii chdt nhu the che chinh tri, phucmg thiic cam quyen, cac quy tac vd chuan myc xdhpi... thi nhiing dnh hudng cua vdn hda An Dp lgi Viet Nam lai gdn vdi nhimg gi gan gui nhdt. Phat giao va Hindu giao lan tda anh hudng ve phuong thiic nghi vd sdng han Id nhimg quy tac kinh dien, nghi ll. Nhimg npi dung dam sde thdi dang cap, thii bdc the che chinh Iri, td chiic va quy tdc xa hpi khdng phdi la nhiJng gid tri dupc ddn nhgn nhi?t tinh nhdt (Phan Thu Hien, 2006), De nhdn thdy Id ngh? thuat tao hinh va ngh? thuat bi§u didn An Dp dupe danh gia cao vd trd thdnh mdt bd phan ciia van hda Viet Nam. Van hpc, le hdi hay dm thyc An Dp cdng dupc dung hda vd bien ddi sao cho phii hpp vdi vdn hda Viet. Vi du, ngudi Viet vin kk thira cdch nau cd ri kieu An nhung thucmg cho nhieu nude han. Cach diing cung linh hogt vd khd da dang.
Song song vdi lya chpn nhtmg gia Ui phii hpp thi ngudi Vi?t cung "bdn dia hoa" vdn hda An Dp, Cdc gia tri ndy dupc chpn lpc chii yeu phuc vy cho viec vun bdi mpt nen tdng dao diic de img xir Uong ddi sdng hang ngay. Vdn hda An Dd tai Viet Nam khdng phai la van hda ciia gidi tinh hoa ma Id vdn hda ciia qudn chiing nhan dan. Chinh nhdn dan la ddi mpng chii yeu tiep thu vd hai hda van hda An Dp vdi van hda Viet Nam. Tren co lang van hda bdn dja vdi dgc Inmg Id Uuyen thdng nhdn vdn sau sac, van hda An Dp hda dieu vdi vdn hda Viel Nam vd lam gidu eho vdn hda Viet Nam.
Qud trinh lan tda vdn hda An Dp vao xa hpi Vi?l Nam ciing qua trinh "bdn dfa hda" van hda An Dd da hinh thanh nhimg nhan thirc vd bdn sac khu \-uc chung cho cd hai qudc gia. Mac du tinh chdt sdu dam
Nghien ciru An Dp vd Chdu .\. Sd 6 - 2020, ff.20-26 22
Luu van Quyet, Huynh Tdm Sang. Nhdn to vdn hoa trong quan he Viet Nam - An Do:...
\e mirc dp hay sire Ian Ida ve phgm vi cdn can phai danh gia them nhirag nhin chung Viet Nam va An Dp chia se cdc gia trj mong dong. Trong thdi ky khang chien chdng thye dan va de qudc, Vi?t Nam dd nhgn dupc nhieu sy hd trp ciia An Dp. Mac dii cd nhtmg giai dogn ma An Dp vi lpi ich qudc gia da khdng the cd mpt each tiep cgn chu dpng va tich cyc nhung nhin chung giai doan ndy khdng keo ddi vd An Dp van danh thi?n cdm cho cupc each mang cua Viet Nam (Phung Thi Thao, 2017, u.25-33). Khi nhthig nhan td khu vyc va thdi dai thuan lpi. An Dp hd trp tich cyc cho Vi?t Nam Uong cdng cudc phat trien ddl nude. Giai dogn hau dpc lap, Viet Nam va An Dp deu day manh hpp tdc van hda vd giao luu, ket ndi gitta nhan dan hai nude.
Quan h? gan bd giira Thu tudng Jawaharlal Nehru va Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh la nhip cdu quan trpng thiic day quan h? Vi?t Nam - An Dp tren phuang dien vdn hda. Quan he htm nghj tmySn thong trong Ijch sir Id ndn tdng de Viet Nam va An Dp chinh thiic thiet lap quan he ngogi giao vao ndm 1972. Tu ndm 1976, hai nude da ky Hi?p djnh song phuang ve van hda. Day la ca sd de "the che hoa" npi dung hpp tdc vdn hda Uong quan h? hai nude. Mdc du van cdn khoang cdch vd khae biet tren phucmg di?n the che chinh tri, ndng lyc phat Incn kinh te va vj the qudc te nhung dudng nhu nhimg van de nay khdng la lyc cdn cho quan hp. Ly do Id vi van hda da la b? do tir rdt sdm va qua dd trd thanh Iyc day cho quan h?
hai nude. Mat khde, qua cdc thdi ky, lanh dao hai nude tren co sd qutm he tdt dep trong qud khii da no lyc vun ddp nhdm dua quan hp tiep tyc phdt Uien trong bdi canh mdi.
2. V3n hda - d^ng lire cho quan he Vift Nam - An Do trong the ky XXI
Trong th£ ky XXI, mdc dii van ddi dien vdi nhirng thdch thirc an ninh truyen Ihdng va phi tmyfin thdng nhung nhin chung hpp tdc vdn hda Viet Nam - An Do cd nhieu dieu kien thuan Ipi hon so vdi nhihig giai dogn tmde. Gdc nhin thdi dgi mang ham y ve rdiung chuyen bien mdi me dang dien ra vdi miic dp sau vd tde dp ngdy cdng nhanh trong quan he qudc Ie. Ben cgnh dd, quan he Viet Nam - An Dp cung thupc vao sy van ddng da dien va phiic tgp cua bdi cdnh chung dd. Bdn cap dp quan he qudc te la cap dp todn cdu, cap dp lien khu vuc, cdp dp qudc gia vd cap dp ca nhan giup chimg minh va ddng thdi lam rd sy vgn dpng thuan chieu Uong hpp tac van hda Viet Nam - An Dp Uong bdi canh chau A mdi.
Tren cdp do quoc gia, Viel Nam vd An Dp cd nhimg diem ehung lien quan den khd ndng hda hpp vd bdo tdn cdc gia Uj vdn hda. Vdi tu each la mdt nen van minh phuang Ddng dien hinh va tdn tai lien tyc. An Dp bdo ldn dupc nhirng triet ly vd he m mdng dd cd tir thdi cd dgi trong khi van duy tri tam the hda ddng khi du nhgp va ddng hda nhieu gia tri hay dnh hudng tir ben ngodi. Trong khi dd, udi qua chieu ddi ljch sii vdi nhidu sy van dpng phiic tap thi Viet Nam van dupc dac trung la qudc gia cd sy bao dung NC vdn hda. Nhieu nen vdn hda da hien dien vd iim thay mgch ngudn phat trien tgi Viet Nam. Trong qua trinh tidp bidn vdn hda, Vipt Nam vdn bao tdn dupc nhiing gia ui van hda dac tnmg thdng qua dia phuang hda cac gia tri van hda dupc du nhap sao cho phu hop vdi ban sac dan lpc. Tinh chdt hda hpp gitta con ngudi vdi nhau vd giira con ngudi vdi vu try la sy mang ddng kha rd net gitra vdn hda An Dp va Viet Nam. Dieu nay tgo dieu kien cho tinh gdn ket va bao tdn. Qua thdi gian, nhirng gid tri vdn hda An Dp tgi Vi^t Nam khdng phai nhgt ma Uai Igi, nd dupc lam sinh ddng tren ca sd sy tiep ndi de khang djnh tinh chat lien tpc cua ddng chdy vdn hda.
Nghien ciiu An Dp vd Chdu A. Sd 6 - 2020, tr.20-26 23
Luu \'an Quyeu Huynh Tam Sang. Nhdn to vdn hda trong quan h(' 17^'/ Samj^JjS!^:-^^
Ben canh dd, nhimg khia canh chinh trj - an ninh cung cd tdc dpng ihugn chieu giup qua" h«? nai nude phat uien. Budc qua thdp men thir hai cua thd k-y XXI, quan h? \'i^t N.ini • .\ii Dp dup^" "^"§ "-"P tir "ddi tdc chien luge" (strategic partnership) (ndm 2007) len "dii tdc chiin lirgc todn dien (comprehensive strategic partnership) (nam 2016). Nam 2017 dupc chpn la "ndm Him nghf t"'"S '^^^^^
h? hai nude vdi hai sy kien (i) ky niem 45 nam ngay thiet lgp quan h^ ngogi giao vd (ii) 10 nam thiet lgp quan h? ddi tae chien lupc. Trong bdi canh an ninh \ a tranh chap tgi Bien Ddng tidp tyc dien bien phuc tgp. An Dp vin duy tri cac hogt dpng phdi hpp nhu khai Ihdc ddu khi, cung cdp cac x'ii khi tdi tan va hd trp hudn luyen cho hai quan Viet Nam. Tmde sy "trdi day" ciia Trung Qudc a Bien Ddng, An Dp duy Iri lap trucmg nhdt quan va cam ket hd Up cho \ i e l Nam. Ddy Id tin hieu tdt cho hpp tdc hai nude ndi chung vd tren ITnh \yc van hda ndi rieng. Ben canh dd, Viet Nam ciing thue hien tdt \ai trd dieu phoi vien cho quan h? An Dp - ASEAN giai dogn 2015 - 2018. Tai cac diSn ddn khu vyc vd quoc le. hai nude deu chia sc nhieu van de va ciing phdi hpp tich cyc.
Tren cdp dg cd nhdn. quan he giu'a cac nha Ianh dgo Vi?t Nam va An Dp dd dupc thiet lap vd duy tri ke cd trong nhting thdi diem khd khdn nhdt. Dien hinh Id tinh cam gan bd giiia Chu Ijch Hd Chi Minh vd Thii mdng Jawaharial Nehm. Nhihig the he lanh dgo ke tiep cting cd nhieu nd lyc nhdm vun dap cho tinh hOru nghi Vi?i - An. Cac nha ianh dgo y thirc ring quan he song phuong phai phat Incn hon niia de ximg tdm vdi budc phdt trien mdi Uong quan he Viet - An. Cdc eupc tiep xiic, trao ddi thudng xuyen giii:a ldnh dao cap cao hai nude giup cimg cd su hieu biet, tin cay ve nhau va ddng thai la nham djnh hudng nhimg budc di cy the de phat Uien quan he. Ca che ddi thogi d nhieu cap eung dupc duy Ul va phai trien de hi?n thyc hda cac cam ket va tam nhin Uong cac Imh vyc hop tdc cu the, Ben cgnh dd, hpp tde gitra nhdn ddn hai nude tren ea sd phdt trien ngogi giao nhdn dan cung la chii truong chung cua cdc nha lanh dgo An Dp vd Viet Nam. Sy hieu biet ldn nhau vd tinh cdm tdt dep tir cap dp nguyen thii cho den cap dp nhdn dan tao nen su rang budc da chieu va da tang. Cdc chuyen tham cap cao vd cac co chfi ddi thoai qua cde kenh Dang, Qudc hpi, Nha nude, Chinh phu vd cdc tinh thdnh eiing giiip phdt trien quan h?. Tgi nhieu dien ddn khu \arc vd qudc te, cac nhd lanh dao An Dp thudng xuyen danh gia cao vai trd vd nhiiiig ddng gdp ciia Viet Nam trong ASEAN, EAS, APEC... Ddi lai, lanh dao Viet Nam ddu nhdt quan iing hd Chinh sdch hir&ng Dong (Look East Policy) vd hien nay la Chinh sach Hdnh dgng phia Dong (Act East Policy) cua An Dp ciing nhu khuyen khich An Dp tdng cudng hpp tac vdi Ddng A, iing hp An Dp la Uy vien Thucmg Uyc Hdi ddng Bdo an Lien Hop Qudc md rdng.
Hien nay, su van ddng cua nen chinh tri the gidi vdn tiep tyc xu hudng tir sau Chien tranh Lgnh (1991) Id hpp tdc vd cgnh Uanh dan xen. Tgi chau A - Thdi Binh Duong, sy suy gidm quydn lyc tuang ddi cua M\ ciing sy "troi day" ciia Tnmg Qudc la hai sy van ddng ndi bat. Ben canh dd, cdc chu the quyen lyc khde eung gia tang tdm vdc da khien khu vyc cang them bdt dn. Chi rieng vc phuang di?n an ninh ma xet thi cac qudc gia ddu dimg tmde khd nhieu thdch thiic. Thyc te nay budc hap tac phai trd ihanh dpng lyc cho quan he qudc Id. Vd khia canh song phucmg, hpp tdc tren ITnh vyc chinh tn - an ninh vd kinh Id khdng phdi liie ndo cung thuan lpi. Tmde thye Ie dd, hop tac tren ITnh vyc van hda rdt quan Irpng. Linh \arc hpp tac nay giiip da dgng hda \ a trong nhidu tmdng hop la giiip cac ben tim dupc tifing ndi chung dfi lam co sd cho hpp tdc tren nhimg ITnh vyc khae. Mac khae, van hda cd the giup gia tang long tin. "giam nhiet" cac edng thing vd ban gdn nhihig ran nirt Uong quan he giira cdc qudc gia. Trong
Nyhicn cuu .^n Dp va Chdu A. S6 6 - 2020. u.20-26 24
Luu van Quyet, Huynh Tam Sang- Nhdn td vdn hda trong quan he I Vgr Nam - An Dg....
quan h? \'t?i Nam - An Dp, mac dii day la mdt trong nhirng quan he song phuong "kieu mdu" Uong lich su vdi linh chdt kha tot d?p bdi su phat trien qua tirag thdi ky nhung khdng vi the ma nhan td vdn hda kdm phan quan trpng.
Ket luan
Trong bdi canh khu vyc chau A dang chung kien nhieu thdi ca va thdch thiic dan \cn, Viet Nam vd An Dp da cd nhieu nd lyc tang cudng vi the qudc gia song song vdi dua quan he hai nude ngay cdng phat trien.
Vephia VietNam, qudc gia nay da phat trien chinh sach ddi ngogi linh boat va khdn kheo trong ljch sir de tdi thieu hda nii ro vd tdi da hda lpi ich. Ndi bat la Vi?i Nam Ign dyng vj tri chien lupe vd nhQng Ipi the de bien qudc gia nay trd thanh mpt ddi mpng hoac ddi lac cd uu the lgi khu vyc Ddng Nam A vd limg budc ird thanh lyc hut trong mpt khu vyc rpng ldn han la chau A - Thai Binh Duong, Trong tam nhin da dgng hda, da phuong hda quan he ddi ngogi vdi viec ehu y vd xem trpng quan h? vdi cdc cudng qudc, Vi?t Nam xem An Dp la cudng qudc dn hda (benign power) va dang ddng gdp tich cyc vdo an ninh khu vyc. Khi cdc cudng qudc gia tang sy hien dien tai Ddng Nam A ihi sy ung hp cua An Dp ddi vdi Vi?t Nam Id rat quan trpng. Thyc te nay giiip thuc ddy lpi ich qudc gia vd ciing phii hpp vdi Iam nhin cua Vi?I Nam,
Ve phia An Dg, cudng qudc khu vyc ndy ngay cang ehii y nhifiu han den nhimg bien dpng tai Ddng Nam A va rpng han la Ddng A. Tir dau thfi ky XXI den nay, Ddng Nam A dac trung bdi sy thieu vang tinh cd kfit cho khu vyc vd sy can dy eiia cdc cudng qudc ben ngoai. Difiu ndy de ddn den tinh bat dn;
hoac khi bat dn khdng qua ro net thi dn dinh ciing chi la tam Ihdi. Ben cgnh dd, sy gia tdng va suy giam quyen lyc cua cdc cudng qudc cung nhu nhung bien ddng trong kinh te khu vuc da khifin Ddng Nam A tidp tyc la khu vuc mau chdt ve mat chidn lirpc lai Ddng A, Theo dd, Ddng Nam A liep tyc la khu vyc ma An Dp phai tinh todn Ufin quan dfin nhtmg ddng lyc ve an ninh va thinh vupng. Hon niia, sy tham gia sdu sac cd vfi miic dp vd pham vi cua An Dp ciing la co sd de qudc gia nay duy tri va phdt trien sy hien di^n Iich cyc cua minh tgi khu vyc. Trong qua trinh hdi nhap vao Ddng Nam A, An Dp nhan thdy Vi^l Nam dd vd dang cd nhifiu ddng gdp tich cyc cho sy phat trien cua Ddng Nam A (Huynh Tam Sdng, Tran Nam Tifin, 2015, U.61). Viel Nam vdi su linh hoat vd uy tin ngdy cang gia tang trong ASEAN Id ddi tupng dupc An Dp quan tam. Viet Nam chinh la cau ndi tich cyc giiip An Dp thiic day quan he vdi ASEAN de trfin ca sd do hdi nhap hieu qua hem vdo Ddng Nam A. Sy gdn kfit uong quan he Viet Nam - An Dp Id mpt qud trinh Qua trinh nay duge su iing hp cua lich sir va hien tai. Ve lich sir, giao luu van hda da dien ra vd gal hai nhifiu thanh tyu. Vfi hien tgi, nhiing tac ddng ien hpp tac van hda nhin chung ta tich cyc. Vi vdy, hpp tac van hda Viet Nam - An Dp dupc ky vpng se dat dupc nhieu thanh tyu. Mdt khia cgnh quan upng can nhgn thirc day du hon la sy chu ddng vd tieh cyc rir cd hai qudc gia. Neu Viet Nam va An Dp khdng cd sy chii ddng thi nhiimg tifin dfi Uong qua khir chi Id tam guang dfi hai nude nhin lgi nhu ca sd dpng vien quan he song phuang. Khi hai nude y thirc vd ihiic day hpp tac vdn hda ihi
\an hda mdi trd Ihanh nhan td sdng ddng va mdi me Uong quan he. Ndi each khae, neu thdnh qua trong lieh sir la nhan Id "tinh" thi nd lyc lifin tue cua hai qudc gia la nhdn td "dgng". Thieu nhan td ITnh Ihi quaa h? khdng cd gdc rfi vimg chdc dfi phdt Uien ben vimg. Cac Ud lyc cd the de ddng xay ra hon vd ciing
Nghien Cliu An Dp va Chdu A. Sd 6 - 2020, U.20-26 25
Luu Vdn Quyet. Huynh Tam Sang ,\ fidn l6 vdn hoa trong quan he I it'/ ^y'" 'j^!l^!t^^
khd gidi quyet vi thieu mpt nen tang nhgn thiic chung. Thieu nhdn id dpng ihi quan h? chgm pha' """^"
hoac phat trien khdng thyc chat va ihieu vang di tinh chat thdi dgi. Van hda chi ddng gdp Uiyc chat vao sy phat trien cua quan h? khi \ a ehi khi hai nhan id nay dupc nhan ihiie day du \ a uien khai hiC'U *I"^'
Vfi phucmg dien ljch su thi van hda Id nen lang vung chdc cho quan h?. Nhihig giao ihoa vSn hoa trong lich su da gdp phdn vdo su phdt trien ciia quan he Vi?i Nam - An Dp. \fi phuang di?n ilidi dgi Ihi vdn hda Id chal keo giiip phat uien quan he. Neu khdng cd chdt keo nay, nhQng ITnh vyc In^p i.n-' ^ihac kho cd kha ndng phdt trien theo hudng thye chat \a ngdy cang loan di?n. Hi?n nay, tren nen tang giao luu va hpp tdc vdn hda Uong ljch sir, hai nude da tien them mpt budc vihig chdc hon trong \ icc dua van hda trd thanh dpng lyc cho su phat uien eiia quan he song phuang. Bfin cgnh trao ddi van hda, hai qudc gia chii y nhicu han den hpp tac nghifin cuu, bdo Idn va phat huy gid trj ciia cdc di san vdn minh chung. Nlithig vi?c lam nay sS mang Igi Kn ich van hda va lpi ich kinh te, giiip ciing co them nifim tin ve sy phat trien trong hpp lac hai nirdc tren lat ca cac linh vyc.
Tai li^u t h a m k h a o
1. Huynh Tdm Sang (2014), "Qua trinh "An Dp Hda" Uong ljch su Dong Nam A - Tifip can tii co sd 'ban dja hda"", Tgp san Khoa hge Lfch su, Hpi Khoa hpc Ljch sii tinh Binh Duong, sd 35 (7).
2. Huynh Tdm Sang, Trin Nam Tifin (2015), "Ddng gdp ciia Vi?t Nam trong tifin Ulnh hinh thdnh Cpng ddng Chinh tri - An ninh ASEAN (APSC)", Uong Cgng ding ASEAN sau 2015: Ca hgi vd Thdch thuc, Nxb, Khoa hpc xd hpi. Ha Npi.
3. Naidu, G, V. C (2010), "hidia and Southeast Asia", International Studies, Vol. 47, No.2-4.
4. Ngd Xudn Binh (chii bien) (2012), Thuc day quan hf Vift Nam - An Dg trong boi cdnh m&i, Nxb. Til dien Bdch Khoa, Hd Npi.
5. Phan Thu Hien (2006), Indian substratum in the cultural identity of South East Asia, Uong
"International Conference on Southeast Asian Culmra! Values", Siem Reap, Cambodia.
6. Phimg Thj Thdo (2017), "Quan diem ciia cac nude Ddng Nam A ddi vdi chinh sach ddi ngogi ciia An Dp giai dogn 1947 - 1950: Nghien ciiu Uudng hpp cua Indonesia va Viet Nam dan chu cpng hda", Tgp chi Nghien cini An Dg vd chdu A, sd 8 (57).
7. Shamia, Geetesh (2006), Cdc quan he Viet Nam-An Do tir thi ky I den thi h^XXI, Nxb. Lao dpng, Ha Npi.
8. Sudhir Devare {2015), An Dg vd Ddng Nam A: Hu&ng den nen an ninh chung, Lfi Thj Sinh Hien vd Phgm Thj Ngpe Hieu dich, Nxb. Dai hpc Qudc gia, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh.
9. Tmang Sy Hiing (2010), Ton gido trong ddi song vdn hda Dong Nam A,hkJ^gy.'Nxh. Van hda thdng tin va Vien van hda.
10. Tran Ngpe Them (1999), Casd vdn hoa VietNam, Nxb. Gido dye, Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Nghien ciiu An Dp va Chau A. Sd 6 - 2020, u.20-26
