11] evaluated for the first time the antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content of olives from the "Cellina di Nardò" (CdN) olive tree, one of the most widespread cultivars in southern Italy. Development and validation of an analytical method for carnosol, carnosolic acid and rosmarinic acid in food matrices and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of rosemary extract as a food additive.
Alpha-Glucosidase and Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Novel Abietane Diterpenes from
Introduction
The incidence of diabetes reported by the International Diabetes Federation (IFD) indicates that the number of adult diabetes patients globally was 366 million in November 2011, and it is expected to increase to 552 million in 2030 [7]. Terpenoids isolated from Lamiaceae, especially abietane diterpenes and some classes of triterpenes, play a crucial role as ecophysiological mediators and are of interest for potential use as therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetes [15,16].
Experimental Section 1. General Information
Inhibitory activity (%)=(1−A/B)×100 (2), where A is the absorbance in the presence of the test substance and B is the absorbance of the control. ORAC values were expressed as micromol trolox equivalents (TE) per milligrams of the test sample.
Results and Discussion
Inhibitory activity (%)=(1−A/B)×100 (1) where A is the absorbance in the presence of the test chemical and B is the absorbance of the control. None of the abietane diterpenes tested showed alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, as shown in Table 3.
Conclusions
Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of carnosol (phenolic diterpene in rosemary) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Cardiovasc. Relationship between chemical structure and antioxidant activity of Luteolin and its glycosides isolated from Thymus sipyleus subsp.
Materials and Methods
Trolox solutions (299–699 μM/L) were used for the calibration curve, results were expressed as trolox equivalents (TE) in g DWP and DWE from 4 replicate measurements. Solutions containing trolox (5–30 μL) were used for the calibration curve, and antioxidant capacity values were expressed as μM TE/g.
Results
However, the ABTS•+ decolorization values were remarkably higher than the DPPH•scavenging values, which can be explained by the different reaction conditions [15]. However, due to differences in extract yields, antioxidant recoveries from DWP were in a broader range.
Discussion
Among numerous in vitro methods for evaluating antioxidant activity, peroxyl and hydroxyl radical inhibition assays (ORAC, HORAC and HOSC) are recognized as better related to the antioxidant processes occurring in the biological samples [35,36]. To improve the biological relevance of antioxidant activity results, the cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) method was developed to evaluate phytochemicals that can penetrate the cell membrane and prevent oxidation [18].
Conclusions
For example, the strong antioxidant activity of plant polyphenols also demonstrated multiple protective effects against chronic diseases [47]. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer.Life Sci.
HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS Characterization, Antioxidant Activities and Inhibitory Ability of
Digestive Enzymes with Molecular Docking Analysis of Various Parts of Raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)
Materials and Methods 1. Chemicals and Reagents
The phenolic compositions of the three parts of extracts (extracted with 50% methanol) of raspberry were separated using an HPLC system (Agilent 1200, CA, USA) equipped with a Diode Array Detector (DAD, Aglient, CA, USA). The choice of the extraction solvent is very important for the recovery of phenolic compounds in plant matrix [25].
7LPHPLQ
The results of the above studies further revealed that the phenolic compounds in different parts of raspberries can obviously contribute to their antioxidant activities. Figure 4C,D shows the IC50 values of the sample extracts or the main individual phenolic compounds on the inhibition.
Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence
In Vitro Evidence: Antidiabetic Effects of Hydroxytyrosol (HT) 1. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Skeletal Muscle Cells
Administration of HT (77 mg/kg/day) by intragastric gavage for 4 weeks decreased plasma glucose levels and markers of oxidative stress (nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), while increased levels of serum SOD and SIRT1 expression in the thoracic aorta and human umbilical vein endothelial study [2, HT) (THVEC) (THVEC) study. 10 or 50 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks in male C57BL/6J db/db mice resulted in increased expression of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I/II/IV and the activity of complex I in the brain [64]. Administration of HT (20 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks by oral administration, high-carbohydrate-hydrated glucohydrate administration in high-carbohydrate-hydrated glucohydrate intolerance, insulin resistance and weight gain [ 69 ].
Administration of HT (20 mg/kg/day for 10 weeks) in high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice resulted in lower fasting glucose and insulin levels and increased GLUT4 expression in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue [ 70 ]. Anti-diabetic effects of Hydroxytyrosol: In vivo high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes animal studies.
Effects of Hydroxytyrosol (HT) on Cellular Signaling Cascades
Numerous studies using experimental rodent models of diabetes have shown that HT may have beneficial in vivo effects against diabetes, obesity, and metabolic diseases. Studies in rodents with alloxan- or streptozotocin-induced diabetes have shown that HT can reduce serum glucose and lipid levels, alleviate inflammation, and significantly reduce oxidative stress. Secondary experiments using Triton WR-1339 to chemically induce hyperlipidemia also showed that HT reduced serum lipids and liver injury [72,74].
Most of these studies reported that HT attenuated the increase in serum lipids, glucose, and insulin induced by the high-fat diets. These data suggest that HT has the potential to protect organs and tissues from damage caused by diabetes.
Summary, Conclusion and Future Directions
Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on Human Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Differentiation to Adipocytes and Osteoblasts. Arch. Inhibitory and synergistic effects of natural oliphenols on human platelet aggregation and lipid peroxidation of microsomes from vitamin E-deficient rats.Eur. Hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of phenolic extracts and purified hydroxytyrosol from olive mill waste in vitro and in rats.
Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein from Olive Leaves in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats.J. Comparative evaluation of the metabolic effects of hydroxytyrosol and its lipophilic derivatives (hydroxytyrosyl acetate and ethyl hydroxytyrosyl ether) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food function.
Antioxidant Activity and Anthocyanin Contents in Olives (cv Cellina di Nardò) during Ripening and
To obtain CdN table olives, fully ripe olives are traditionally first washed for two days (the water is changed several times) and then placed in approximately 300 kg of soda, covered with saturated brine, and left to ferment naturally (without the addition of chemical de-salting products) until they reach a pH below 4.0; the process takes six months on average. As these table olives showed a TPC of 31.80 mg GAE/g DW at full maturity – stage 7 (Figure 2) – the fermentation process drastically reduced the TPC. Three different antioxidant tests (ORAC, DPPH and superoxide anion scavenging activity) were performed to evaluate the antioxidant properties of olive fruit extracts in the ripening stages.
Qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds during ripening (Figure 3 and Table 1) showed a large variation of phenolic composition during ripening. A comparative study on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity during ripening of the olive cultivar Chemlali from Tunisia.J.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosemary, Pomegranate and Olive Extracts in Fish Patties
Materials and Methods 1. Plant Extracts
HPLC was used for the separation of different diterpenes present in rosemary extracts. Then, 1 mL of FRAP reagent was added to 100 μL of sample and a standard solution of 500 μM Trolox. Antimicrobial activity of different extracts was measured following the diffusion disc method described by Chanwitheesuk et al.
The antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities of these extracts depend on the concentration of phenolic compounds. The hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of the natural extracts obtained by oxygen radical absorbance measurement is shown in Table 2.
A Polyphenolic Extract from Olive Mill Wastewaters Encapsulated in Whey Protein and Maltodextrin
In the DPPH assay, 950 μL of 100 μM methanolic solution of DPPH• was mixed with 50 μL of the tested powder at different concentrations. The antioxidant activity of the powders in EA.hy926 cells was examined using non-cytotoxic concentrations. The fresh plant material of the plants of the Rosacea family investigated Rosa sempervirens (fruit), Rosa canina (fruit) and Pyracantha coccinea (fruit) were collected during the early summer of 2014, from the respective colonies of wild plants growing on Mount Parnitha (Attica Region, Greece).
The ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity of the extracts was determined as previously described [27] with minor modifications. The assessment of the effects of the extracts on the antioxidant capacity of endothelial cells was based on the measurement of GSH and ROS levels by flow cytometric analysis.
Polyphenols in Almond Skins after Blanching
Modulate Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Humans
Materials and Methods 1. Chemicals
The results of the LDL oxidation are expressed as lag time (defined as the intercept at the abscissa in the diene-time plot). Five flavonoids were quantified in the plasma of the subjects who consumed only H-ASP (450 mg GAE) or milk vehicle. Meaning of not sharing the same letter at the same time was significantly different, p≤0.05, tested with PROC GLM followed by Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test. p-Values of the dose and time effect and their interaction were and 0.049, respectively.
We determined plasma GSH and GPx activity in support of the effect of ASP on endogenous antioxidant defense systems, a result that may implicate ARE activation by absorbed ASP. Similarly, there was an early, transient effect of absorbed ASP on plasma GPx activity.
Epicatechin Reduces Spatial Memory Deficit Caused by Amyloid-β25–35 Toxicity Modifying the Heat
Hippocampus of Rats
Materials and Methods 1. Animals
The group injected with Aβ25-35 showed a significant fourfold increase compared to the basal levels of peroxidation in the control group. Qualitative analysis indicates that the group injected with Aβ25-35 generated a greater immunoreactivity in HSP (green color) in the CA1 region of Hp compared to the control group. The treatment with EC in animals injected with Aβ25-35 caused a decrease in the immunoreactivity of the three chaperone proteins (green color).
However, EC treatment in Aβ25–35 animals reduced immunoreactivity by 45% in cells of the CA1 Hp region (Figure 5B) (one-way ANOVA with significance p<0.05). This was more severe in the CA1 Hp region of the Aβ25–35-treated group than in the EC+Aβ25–35 group.
Effect of Manitoba-Grown Red-Osier Dogwood Extracts on Recovering Caco-2 Cells from
Materials and Methods 1. Materials and Reagents
TC shows treatment control: cells were cultured with medium containing 1 mM H2O2 for 3 h, and then treated with medium for 24 h. TC shows the treatment control: cells were cultured with medium containing 1 mM H2O2 for 3 h, and then treated with normal medium for 24 h. T indicates RDE treatment: cells were cultured with medium containing 1 mM H2O2 for 3 h, and then treated with medium containing 100 μg/mL RDE for 24 h.
T indicates RDE treatment: cells were cultured with medium containing 1 mM H2O2 for 3 h and then treated with medium containing 100 μg/mL RDE for 24 h. TC stands for treatment control: cells were cultured with medium containing 1 mM H2O2 for 3 h and then treated with medium for 24 h.
Nutraceutical Properties of Mulberries Grown in Southern Italy (Apulia)
Although mulberry fruits have been characterized in different parts of the world, no information has been obtained on fruits from plants grown in southern Italy (Salento, Southern Apulia). Values represent the results of three determinations±SD; means with different letters in the same column are significantly different from each other (p<0.05) according to multicomponent Duncan's test. Means with different letters in the same column are significantly different from each other (p<0.05) according to multicomponent Duncan's test.
These data may be the result of a different qualitative and quantitative composition of the phenolic compounds of the three mulberries. SD; means with different letters in the same column are significantly different from each other (p<0.05) according to Duncan's multiple component test.
Effects of In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion on the Antioxidant Capacity and Anthocyanin Content of
