DI£:MBAII-TRAOS6I
TRAO DOI VE QUYET DjNH
AP DUNG BIEN P H A P KHAN CAP TAM THGfl TRONG GIAI QUYET VU AN D A N S U
DAM THI DIEM H ^ H Vfl NGUYEN THANH DUY*'
B
d Huynh Thi C cd vay ba Mai Thi N sd tidn 150.000.000 dong, bd La Thi N.L sd tidn 50.000.000 ddng, dng Trdn Thanh Q sd tidn 90.000.000 ddng. Do bd C khdng trd ng diing hgn, ndn nhung ngudi cho vay da khdi kidn. Toa an nhdn dan huydn M, tinh G da thu ly 03 vy an theo ydu cdu khdi kidn dge lap eua bd N, bd L, dng Q de gidi quyet. Theo yeu cdu ciia nguydn don trong mdi vy an, Toa an nhan dan huydn M, tinh G da ban hdnh 03 Quydt djnh dp dyng bidn phdp khdn cdp tam thai sd 03/2012/QD-BPKCTT, sd 05/2012/QD- BPKCTT va sd 06/2012/QD-BPKCTT ciing ngay 14/9/2012. Ngi dung cy the eiia cdc quydt dinh nay nhu sau:Quydt dinh sd 06/2011/QD-BPKCTT:
"Phong tod tdi sdn Id gid tri con lgi cua thua ddt dien tich 379.6 m\ dia chi thua ddt: Thi trdn K. huyen M, tinh Q theo Gidy chieng nhgn quyen sie dung ddt, do Uy ban nhdn ddn huyen M, tinh G cdp ngdy 01/2/2008, dung ten bd Huynh Thi C v&i gid tri tuang duong so tien 50.000.000 dong (ndm muai trieu ddng) (sau khi da trie sd tiin 280.000.000 dong bi phong tod tgi Quyet dinh dp dung bien phdp khdn cdp tgm th&i sd 03/2012/BPKCTT sd 04/2012/BPKCTT vd sd 05/2012/BPKCTT ngdy 14/9/2012 cua
Tod dn nhdn ddn huyen M). Ngu&i bf phong tod khong dupre tiep tuc ddng phdn tdi sdn bi phong tod trin de ddm bdo cho nghia vu ndo khdc ke tie ngdy ban hdnh quyet dinh ndy, khong dupre quyin thod thugn v&i bat ky cd nhdn, to chuc ndo (ngogi tru nguyen dan) de giao dich vi quyin tdi sdn Id thua dat di^n tich 379,6 m\ dia chi thua dat: Thi tran K, huyen M, tinh G cho din khi vi^ dn dd gidi quyet vd thi hdnh dn xong".
Tucmg ty: Tgi Quydt dinh sd 05/2012/QD-BPKCTT, Toa an phong toa tai san la gia tri edn lgi cua thira ddt neu ti-en vdi gid trj tuong duong sd tidn 90.000,000 dong;
tai Quydt djnh sd 03/2012/QD-BPKCTT, Tod dn phong toa tai san Id gia tri cdn lgi cua thua dat ndu tren vdi gia trj tuong duong sd tidn 150.000.000 ddng.
Tuy nhidn, trudc khi Toa dn nhdn dan huydn M ra cac Quydt djnh ap dyng bien phap khdn cdp tam tiidi ndu trdn (10 ngay), vdo ngdy 04/9/2012, bd Huynh Thj C da lap hgp ddng, chuyen nhugng toan bg quydn sir dung dat va tai sdn gan lidn vdi thiia ddt dign Th^c si, Phd Truing khoa PhAp lu$t dSn SI/ v^ KiSm sAt dSn sg; Trutmg D?i hpc Kiim sat Ha Npi, Vi$n f^iem sAt nh§n dSn tdi cao.
**V/#n kiim sAt nh§n din tinh Gia Lai.
I Tap chf 5 0 i KIEM SAT_
DI£NDAH-TRAOD6I tich 379,6 m\ tai thi trdn K, huyen M, tinh G
cho ba Nguydn Thi D. Hgp ddng ndy lap theo mdu quy djnh vd da dugc Uy ban nhdn dan huyen M chung thuc.
Sau khi ky ket, ehiing thyc hgp ddng, cung ngdy 04/9/2012, ba Nguydn Thj D da nOp hd so dang ky sang nhugng vd dugc Van phdng dang ky quydn su dyng ddt huydn M cdp Gidy bien nhgn hd so, ti-ong dd ghi ro: Ngdy nhgn hd so: 04/9/2012, ngdy lien he nhdn thdng bdo thue: 06/9/2012 vd ngay hen fra kdt qud Id ngdy 19/9/2012. Vdi Gidy bidn nhdn nay, ngdy 06/9/2012, ba Nguydn Thi D da ddn nhgn thdng bao thud va da den eo quan thue dd nop tien thud sang nhugng nhd, ddt vdi sd tidn 10.000.000 ddng (cd bidn lai nop thud).
Bidn lai thu thud da dugc nop cho Van Phdng dang ky quydn sii dyng ddt. Nhtmg sau dd.
Van phdng dang ky quydn sir dyng ddt thudc Uy ban nhdn ddn huydn M chua sang tdn cho ba D vdi ly do: Quyen su dyng ddt ma ba D nhdn sang nhugng tir ba C da bj Toa an nhan ddn huygn M phong tod theo cdc Quydt djnh dp dyng cac bien phdp khdn cdp tam thdi sd 06/2012/QD-BPKCTT, sd 03/2012/QD- BPKCTT va sd 05/2012/QD-BPKCTT cimg ngay 14/9/2012.
Khdng ddng y vdi cdc quyet djnh dp dung bign phdp khan cdp tam thdi neu fren, bd Nguydn Thi D da khidu nai den Chdnh dn Tod dn nhdn ddn huyen M vd Chdnh dn Tod dn nhan ddn tinh Gi, nhtmg cac co quan ndy khdng chdp nhgn don khidu ngi cua ba D, vdi ly do:
Bd Nguydn Thi D khdng phdi la duong su trong vu an ndn khdng cd quydn khieu ngi theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 124 Bg ludt Td tyng ddn sy (BLTTDS). Ben cgnh do, quydn sir dung ddt bj phong tod dang mang ten ngudi sir dyng ddt la bd Huynh Thi C nen ddt nay thugc quyen str dyng ctia bd C. Toa an phong tod tdi san ndy de bao ddm thi hdnh an, la diing phap Iuat.
Tiep dd, Toa an nhdn dan huygn M da xet xii va ban hdnh 03 ban dn so tham bugc bd C
phdi frd ng cho bd N, bd L, dng Q sd tidn nhu da ndu trdn. Ciing tgi phan quyet djnh cua cac ban an so tham nay. Tod an nhdn dan huyen M da quydt djnh: "Tiep tuc giie nguyin cdc quyet dinh dp dung biin phdp khdn cdp tgm th&i di ddm bdo thi hdnh dn ".
Khdng ddng y vdi ede bdn an so thdm frdn, bi dan Id bd Huynh Thj C da khang cao dd nghi Toa an cap phiic thdm xem xet lgi.
Trong do cd ndi dung: Ydu cdu Tod an cdp phiic tham xem xet huy bd cdc quydt djnh dp dyng bidn pliap khan cap tgm thdi ndu trdn vi Tod an cap so tham ban hdnh frdi phap ludt.
Cung thdi diem nay, ba Nguydn Thi D lidn tyc gui dan khieu ngi ddn Tod dn nhan dan tinh G va Vien kidm sat nhdn ddn tinh G, dd nghj xem xet huy bd cac quydt djnh dp dyng bien phap khdn cap tam thdi da neu fren eua Tod an nhan ddn huydn M vi cdc quyet djnh nay dugc ban hanh frdi phap lugt vd da xdm hgi nghiem frgng ddn quydn va lgi ich chinh ddng cua bd.
Hgi ddng xet xtr phiic thdm cua Toa dn nhdn ddn tinh G da bac khdng cdo cua bd Huynh Thj C ve vide ydu cdu huy bd cac quydt djnh dp dyng bi?n phap khdn cdp tgm thdi frong cd ba vy dn neu fren. Ly do: Quyen sir dyng dat vdn diing ten bd Huynh Thj C nen bd C vdn la chu sd hiiu. Tod an cap so thdm ra quydt djnh ap dyng bi^n phdp khan cdp tgm thdi, phong toa tai sdn la gia tri quydn sir dyng ddt cdn lai cua ba C, tuong ling vdi khodn ng de bdo ddm thi hanh dn, la cdn thidt, ed cdn cii, dimg phap lugt. Mgt khdc, ydu cdu ndy ciia bd C khdng thugc mgt frong cae trudng hgp quy djnh tai khoan 1 Dieu 122 BLTTDS. Do do, khdng cdo cua bd C Id khdng cd can cii dd ehdp nhgn.
Nghien cuu vu viic niu tren. quan diem cua chung toi nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, ve ndi dung: Bidn phap khan cap tam thdi do Tod dn dp dyng la phong tod tai sdn ciia ngudi cd nghTa vy, dugc quy djnh
5o17(than99/2014)
l a p chi K I E M S A T 5 1
DdaiDAH-TRA0s6l
tai Dieu 114 BLTTDS, nhung bi duong sy khidu ngi vi cho rang tdi san bi phong tod khdng cdn thudc sd hiiu cua ngudi cd nghia vy (bd C) ma da dugc chuydn quydn sd hiiu, quyen sir dung sang cho ba D. Vdn de nay ed lien quan ddn vide xac dinh thdi diem chuyen quydn sd hiiu ddi vdi tdi sdn mua bdn va thdi didm cd hieu lyc cua vide chuydn nhugng quyen sir dyng dat vd dugc phap ludt quy djnh nhu sau;
Can cii theo Didu 168 ciia Bd lugt Ddn sy nam 2005 quy dinh thdi didm ehuyen quydn sd huu ddi vdi tai sdn thi viec chuydn quydn sd hiru ddi vdi bat ddng san cd hieu lyc kd tii thdi diem dang ky quydn sd huu, trir trudng hgp phap lugt cd quy djnh khac. Va tai Didu 439 ciia Bg ludt Dan su nam 2005 quy djnh;
"Boi v&i tdi sdn mua bdn md phdp ludt quy dinh phdi ddng ky quyen sa hieu thi quyen s&
hihi duac chuyin cho ben mua ki tie thai diim hodn thdnh thii tuc ddng ky quyin s&
hieu doi v&i tdi sdn do "; ve hieu luc cua vide chuydn quydn sir dyng ddt, tgi Didu 692 cua Bg ludt Ddn su nara 2005 cd quy djnh: "Viec chuyen quyen sie dung ddt co hieu luc ki tie th&i diem ddng ky quyen su dung ddt theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve ddt dai"; tai khodn 2 vd khodn 3 Didu 46 Ludt Ddt dai nam 2003 ve dang ky quyen sir dyng ddt cd quy dinh: Vide dang ky quyen su dyng ddt dugc thyc hidn tai Van phdng ddng ky quydn su dyng ddt frong trudng hgp ngudi sir dung ddt chuydn nhugng ddt va ngudi nhdn chuyen nhugng quydn sii dyng dat; khodn 4 Nghj djnh sd 181/2004/ND-CP ngay 29/10/2004 cua Chinh phii, hudng dan thi hdnh Ludt dat dai nam 2003 cd quy dinh:
Hgp ddng chuydn nhugng quydn su dung ddt cd hidu luc kd tir thdi didm dang ky tgi Van phdng ddng ky quyen sir dyng ddt va tgi khodn 19 Didu 4 Ludt Ddt dai nam 2003 da chi rd: "Ddng ky quyen sie dung ddt Id viec ghi nhdn quyen su dung ddt hap phdp ddi
v&i mpt thua ddt xdc dinh vdo ho sa dia chinh nhdm xdc lap quyen vd nghia vi^ cua ngu&i su dung ddt".
Bdn egnh dd, ngodi quyen sir dung dat, ba C cdn ban cho ba D quydn sd hiru ngdi nhd gdn lidn vdi ddt. Theo quy djnh tai khoan 5 Didu 93 Ludt Nha d nam 2005 thi quydn sd huu nha d dugc chuydn giao cho ben mua kd tir thdi didm hgp ddng dugc cdng chiing ddi vdi giao dich vd nha d giiia ca nhan vdi ca nhdn. Do vdy, quydn sd hiiu ngdi nhd .gan lidn vdi ddt neu frdn da thugc quyen sd hiiu ciia bd Nguydn Thj D.
Ddi vdi vu vide tren: Bd Nguydn Thj D (la ben nhgn chuydn nhugng nhd, ddt) da tien hanh dang ky quydn sir dyng dat tgi Vdn phdng ddng ky quydn su dyng ddt huydn M. Hd so dang ky quydn sir dyng ddt dugc bd D nop vd Vdn phdng dang ky quydn sii dung dat da tidp nhdn vao ngdy 04/9/2012. Co quan cd thdm quydn ddng ky quydn sir dung dat da cap cho bd Nguydn Thj D Gidy bien nhdn hd so, trong do ghi ro ngay nhgn hd so; 04/9/2012, ngdy lidn h?
nhdn thdng bdo thud: 06/9/2012 va ngay hen tra kdt qua Id ngdy 19/9/2012. Vdi Gidy bien nhdn nay, ngay 06/9/2012, bd Nguydn Thj D da ddn nhdn thdng bao thud va da ddn CO quan thud dd nop tidn thud sang nhugng rtiia, dat vdi so tidn 10.000.000 ddng (cd bien lai nop thud).
Tir dd, da cd du ca sd dd xdc djnh: Quydn sir dung didn tich ddt va ngdi nha gan lidn vdi tiiiia dat dien tich 379,6 m^ tai thj frdn K, huydn M, tinh G, da dugc chuydn giao va xdc lap cho bd Nguydn Thj D, ndi each khac bd Nguydn Thj D dd Id ngudi dugc Nha nudc cdng nhdn cd quydn sii dyng didn tich ddt nay.
Thu hai, BLTTDS khdng quy djnh cd bidn phdp khdn cdp tgm thdi nao cd ten ggi Id
"Phong tod tai sdn la gia tii cdn lgi" hay
"Phong tod mgt phdn gid trj tai san" vd thyc te khdng the xde djnh dugc mgt phdn gia trj Tap chf
5 2 I KIEM SAT_ /Sol7(thang 9/2014)
DltNSAN-TRA0D6l tai san hay gia trj tai sdn cdn lai ddi vdi tdi
sdn la quydn su dung ddt, da bi Toa an cdp so tham dp dyng bidn phap khdn cdp tgra thdi nen thyc tien khdng thd thi hdnh an dugc theo Lugt Thi hdnh an ddn su.
Thir ba, tai Dieu 163 cua Bg luat Dan su nam 2005 quy dinh: Tdi san bao gom vat, tien, giay td cd gia vd cac quydn tdi sdn.
Nhu vgy, tdi san cua ba Huynh Thj C trong vy viec nay la quydn sd huu nha va quyen su dyng ddt. Can cii vdo Didu 114 BLTTDS thi Tod an phdi phong toa quydn sir dyng ddt cita ba Huynh Thi C ddi vdi thira dat dien tich 379,6 m^ mdi dimg ngi dung cua didu Iuat ndy. Tuy nhidn, Toa an Iai phong toa tai san la gia trj edn lgi cua thiia dat nay, la khdng diing ve mat ngi dimg, the hidn ed sai lam trong ap dung phap ludt. Bdi le, ddi tugng bj phong tod quy djnh tai Didu 114 phdi Id "tdi sdn" nhung ddi tugng ma Toa an nhdn ddn huydn M da phong toa trong quyet dinh dp dung bidn phap khan cap tgm thdi lgi la "gia tri cdn lgi cua thiia ddt". Duong nhien, cai ggi la "gia trj cdn lgi cua thira ddt" khdng phai la tai san dugc quy djnh tgi Dieu 163 cua Bg ludt Dan su nam 2005. Do vdy, cdc quyet dinh dp dyng bien phdp khdn cap tgm thdi neu tren cua Tod an nhdn ddn huyen M da dugc ban hanh khdng phii hgp vdi quy dinh cua BLTTDS cd ve hinh thiic vd ndi dung.
Thu lu, theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 Dieu 117 BLTTDS, khi dp dung bien phap khdn cap tgm thdi phong tod tdi san cua ngudi co nghTa vy thi chi dugc phong toa tai sdn cd gia trj tuang duang vdi nghTa vu tdi sdn ma ngudi bi dp dung bien phdp khdn cdp tam thdi cd nghTa vy phdi thyc hien. Tuy nhien, trong vy vide nay, Tod an khdng tudn thii diing quy djnh tai khoan 4 Dieu 117 BLTTDS, ddng tiidi da didu chinh, bidn tudng vide phong toa tdi san theo hudng
"phong tod gid trj cdn Igi cua thiia ddt vdi gia
tri tuong ung vdi sd tidn rad bi dan cdn ng nguyen don", la khdng phu hgp phdp ludt vi thyc td nha va ddt cd gia trj hon 600 tiidu ddng frong khi dd sd tien ma ba C phdi cd nghia vu frd ng cho ba N chi la 150.000.000 ddng, cho dng Q chi la 90.000.000 dong, cho ba L chi Id 50.000.000 dong.
Thie ndm, tai phdn quyet djnh cua cac ban dn so tham neu fren, Toa an tuydn giii nguydn quyet djnh dp dyng bien phap khan cap tgm thdi frong cd giai dogn thi hdnh an, la vugt qua pham vi dp dung, khdng dimg thdm quyen, frdi quy djnh tgi Didu 100 BLTTDS vd khodn 1 Didu 6 Thdng tu lidn tieh sd 14/2010/TTLT-BTP-TANDTC- VKSNDTC ngdy 26/7/2010, hudng ddn mgt sd vdn de ve thu tuc thi hdnh an ddn su vd phdi hgp lien nganh frong thi hdnh dn ddn su. Mat khac, viec dp dung, thay ddi, huy bd bien phap khan cap tgm thdi la mgt thii tyc ddc lap, dugc ban hanh bdng mdt quydt dinh ddc lap theo quy djnh tai Chuang VIII ciia BLTTDS vd dugc hudng ddn cy the tgi Nghj quydt sd 02/2005/NQ-HDTP ngdy 27/4/2005. Tuy nhien, Toa an nhan ddn huydn M lai myen tiep tuc giir nguydn quyet dinh dp dung bien phdp khdn cdp tgm thdi trong ban an so thdra. Id khdng diing vdi quy djnh ciia phap ludt neu tren, ddng thdi khdng bdo ddra tinh khd thi, gdy kho khdn cho cdng tdc thi hanh an.
Tir nhiing phan tich ve quydt djnh ap dung bidn phap khdn cdp tam thdi "Phong tod tai san cua ngudi cd nghTa vu" trong vu viec dan sy neu fren, chiing tdi kien nghj cdc CO quan cd thdra quyen cdn xem xet hudng dan cu the, chi tidt hon ve tham quyen, pham vi dp dyng, ndi dung, dieu kidn, trinh tu, thu tyc ap dung bi?n phdp khan cdp tgm thdi, nhdt Id ddi vdi bien phdp
"Phong tod tdi san ciia ngudi cd nghTa vy", de dam bdo quyen va lgi ich chinh ddng cua duong su hodc ngudi thir ba.*
S«17(thang9/2014)\
Tgp chf I
^KIEM SAT 5 3
