&mimitia74iumQimllmihlmQlimiaHitlim(^
MOT SOY KIEN VE THUC HIEN
CHE DINH THA TU TRUOC THOI HAN CO DIEU KIEN
NGUYEN VAN DOAN*
Tdm tit: Tha tu trudc thdi h^n co dilu ki^n la che dinh mdi, lan dau tidn dugc quy dinh trong Bg luat Hinh sy nam 2015. Cac co- quan tu phap trung uong da co hudng d i n triln khai thyc hif n m$t cdch cu thi, tuy nhien, qua nghidn ciru vifc thyc hien che dinh nay van con mgt so diem c i n phdi cd hirdng dan ro rang hon dl thuan ti^n trong vi^c ap dung tren thyc te.
Tie khoa: Tha tii truac thdi hgn co dieu kien.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 29/8/2018; ngdy bien tap xong:
12/10/2018.
17/9/2018; ngdy duyet bdi:
The nao la du dieu ki^n?
Qua nghidn euu chiing tdi thdy rang, ndu chi can cii vao Dieu 66 Bd Iuat Hinh sy (BLHS) ndm 2015 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2017) thi rat nhieu phgm nhdn dii didu kidn tha tli trudc thdi ban ed dieu kien nhu;
Pham tgi lan dau; cd nhidu tidn bd, cd y thtrc cai tgo tdt; da dugc gidm thdi hgn chap hdnh hinh phgt tii ddi vdi ngudi bi kdt an vd tdi phgm nghidm frgng frd len; cd noi cu tni rd rdng; da chap hanh xong hinh phat bd sung la hinh phat tidn, an phi vd cac nghia vy bdi thudng dan sy; da chap hdnh dugc it nhat Id mgt phdn hai miic thdi hgn til ddi vdi hmh phat tii cd thai hgn hogc it nhit 15 nam ddi vdi tii chung thdn da dugc gidm xudng tii cd thdi han...
Tuy nhidn, theo hudng dan tai khoan 7 Didu 2 Nghi quydt sd 01/2018/NQ-HDTP ngdy 24/4/2018 cua Hdi dong T h i m phdn Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao hudng ddn dp dyng Didu 66 va Dilu 106 eua BLHS nam 2015 ve tha tii tinrdc thdi ban ed didu kien thi ed thd xem xet quydt dinh khdng tha tii trudc thdi hgn cd didu kidn, ddi vdi nhidu phgm nhdn. Vi dieu khodn dd quy dinh: "Khi xet tha tii trude thdi han cd didu kien phdi xem xet than frgng, chat che dd bao ddm vide tha til trudc thdi han cd didu kidn Ichdng dnh hudng ddn an ninh, frdt tu an todn xa hgi, dac bidt Id ddi vdi eac trudng hgp
* Truing phong 8, Vi$n kiim sat nhin din tinh Hii Duvng.
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Tap ehi -KIEM SAT I 4 3
THUC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
phgm tdi vd ma tiiy, tham nhiing, phgm tdi cd td chiic, cae ddi tugng ehu muu, cam ddu, ehi huy, ngoan cd, chdng ddi, edn do, tai pham nguy hilm". Nhung, thd nao la
"than frgng, chat che", the nao la "bdo ddm vide tha tii trudc thdi han cd didu kidn khdng anh hudng den an ninh, frat ty an toan xa hgi", thd nao Id "ngoan ed, chdng ddi", theo ehiing tdi, ein phdi hudng ddn cy thd ban. Tdi phgm ve ma tuy thi ed rat nhilu pham nhdn, can phai phdn biet tinh chit, miic do pham tdi ddi vdi timg hdnh vi pham tdi; ciing can phan biet tinh chdt, miic do phgm tgi ddi vdi tung hanh vi phgm tdi ciia pham nhan pham tdi tham nhiing... Cd nhu vdy mdi cd can cii dd xem xet khang nghi ddi vdi ede quydt dinh khdng tha hoac tha tu trudc thdi ban cd didu kidn khdng diing phdp ludt.
Ho so* day du gom nhirng tdi lidu gi?
Didu 66 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh:
"Pham tdi ldn ddu" - la dieu kien dau tidn dd xem xet tha tii tude thdi hgn cd dieu kidn ddi vdi pham rihdn. Tgi khodn 2 Didu 2 Nghi quylt sd 01/2018 hudng din:
"Dugc coi la pham tdi ldn ddu va cd the xem xet neu thugc mgt frong eac trudng hgp sau ddy: Trudc dd ehua pham tdi lin nao; trude dd da thue hidn hdnh vi pham tgi nhung dugc midn frdch nhidm hinh sy;
trude do da thyc hien hanh vi pham tdi nhung dugc dp dung bidn phdp tu phdp giao dye tai trudng gido dudng; trudc dd da bi kdt dn nhung thugc trudng hgp duge coi la khdng cd dn tich".
Trong khi do, theo quy dinh ciia Dilu 368 BLTTHS nam 2015 eung nhu hudng dan tai Thdng tu lien tich sd 04/2018/TTLT- BCA-TANDTC-VKSNDTC ngay 09/02/2018 eua Bd Cdng an, Tda dn nhdn dan tdi cao.
Vien kilm sdt nhdn dan tdi eao quy dinh phdi hgp thyc hien quy dinh cua Bg ludt Td tung hinh su nam 2015 vd tha tii trudc thdi hgn cd didu kidn thi hd so de nghi tha tii trudc ban ed dieu kign gdm: Don xin tha tii trudc thdi ban cd didu kidn eua pham nhan;
bdn sao bdn dn; quyet dinh thi hanh an; tdi lieu thd hien pham nhdn cd nhidu tidn bg, quylt dinh hoae ban sao quydt dinh xep loai chap hanh dn phat tii; ban sao quyet dinh giam thdi hgn chap hanh an phgt tii (trir trudng hgp ngudi bi ket an vd tdi pham it nghidm frgng); van ban, tdi lieu thd hidn vide chip hdnh xong hinh phgt bd sung la phat tidn, nghia vu bdi thudng thidt hai, nop dn phi...; tdi lieu de xae dinh thdi gian thyc tl da chip hdnh dn phgt tu; tdi lieu chiing minh ngudi phgm tdi Id ngudi cd edng vdi cdch mgng hoae tban nhan cua ngudi ed cdng voi cdch mang, phgm nhan Id nguoi du 70 mdi frd len, la ngudi khuyet tat ngng hoac khuyet tat dac biet nang, pham nhan cd con dudi 36 thdng tudi, pham nhan Id ngudi dang chap hanh an phat tli dudi 18 mdi; van bdn dd nghi tha tii trude thdi hgn cd dieu kidn cua tiai giam, frai tam giam...
Vdi nhiing tai lieu cd frong hd so ndu frdn thi chi cd bdn dn la ed thd phan anh viec pham nhan cd thude trudng hgp phgm tdi lan ddu hay khdng. Tuy vdy, theo quy dinh tai BLTTHS thi ndi dung ciia ban dn hinh sy bat bude phdi ghi rd bi cdo cd tien an hay khdng, ma Ididng huge phai ghi bi cdo trudc do ehua pham tgi lin nao; trudc dd da thuc hien hanh vi pham tdi nhung duge mien tidch nhiem hinh su; trude dd, da thye hidn hanh vi pham tgi nhung dugc dp dyng bidn phap tu phdp gido due tai trudng giao dudng; trudc dd da bi ket dn nhung thugc
Tap chi
4 4 I KIEM SAT- /So24(thang 12/2018)
&mm»ta74nmiQlmtmJilmQmieidimdmm
trudng hgp dugc coi Id khdng ed an tich.
Tiic la bdn dn ehi xdc dinh dugc mdt phdn ydu edu. Nhu vay, theo nhiing quy dinh frdn thi cdc tdi lieu ed frong hd so chua du 6h ehimg minh dilu kign la pham nhan phgm tgi lan ddu vd ke cd vide chiing minh phgm nhan ed ncri cir tni ro rang dd md frd vd khi duge tha tii. Vi vgy, can ed quy dinh mang tmh md rgng hon, dd ed thd dua ede tai lieu nhu: Kdt qua fra cim tidn an, tiln sy (tir Phdng hd so edng an cap tinh), bidn bdn xdc minh tgi chinh quyen dia phuang... nhdm chumg minh day du didu kidn phgm nhan phgm tgi ldn ddu, ed noi cu tni ro rang.
Khi ndo thi tha tit?
Theo quy dinh ciia Cdng van sd 160/TANDTC-PC ngay 23/7/2018 vl vide ban hanh mgt sd bieu mdu vd tha tii trudc thdi han ed didu kidn, mdu quylt dinh tha tii trudc thdi ban cd didu kidn ghi ro: "Quydt dinh nay ed the bi khang nghi va cd hieu lyc kd tir ngay hdt hgn khdng nghi...", nhu vdy, chi khi ndo quydt dinh cd hidu lyc thi mdi dugc thi hdnh, mdi dugc tha tu cho cdc pham nhdn. Tuy vdy, cd y kien eho rang, can tien hanh tha tii ngay cho cdc pham nhdn vdi Iy do thyc hien theo khoan 9 Didu 368 BLTTHS nam 2015, vide dd tgo su phdn khdi cho phgm nhdn, dd cho vide xdc dinh vd thi hdnh thdi gian thir thach... Tuy nhien, dieu khodn do chua ndu rd rdng, ma ehi ndu phdi thyc hidn ngay vide cdng bd vd thye hidn cdc thu tue khde. Mat khac, vide tha til ngay cho cac pham nhdn se ed thd xay ra vide pham nhdn ra tu nhung khdng duge theo ddi, quan Iy do quydt dinh chua ed hidu luc hoae quydt dinh ddi vdi pham nhdn bi khang nghi, duge chap nhdn vd quyet dinh tha til... hi buy bd Igi phdi bit lai vao ttai...
vd cd the keo theo nhidu he luy khde.
Vi vgy, cin thyc hidn theo diing mdu;
vide dd, ciing Id man thii diing quy dinh cua phap lugt ttong vide thyc hien quyen khang nghi eiia Vien kidm sdt.
Khi ndo khong ndn l^p ho stf de nghi tha tu trudc thdi ban?
Tha til trudc thdi hgn la mdt ehd dinh nhan dao, ed Igi eho ngudi chdp hanh an phat tii; tuy vay, xet d mgt sd trudng hgp, vdi gdc do ndo do thi ehua han la cd Igi ddi vdi hg (ciing nhu ddi vdi cdc co quan nha nude). Vi du: Mgt phgm nhan cdn 6 thdng nua (tinh ddn 02/9/2018) thi hit ban chap hanh an phat tii vd theo quy dinh cua phap lugt den dip 02/9 thi cd thd se duge giam het an. Khi dugc giam bet dn thi phgm nhdn se dugc fra ty do va duge cap giay chiing nhan da chip hdnh xong hinh phat tii. Nhung ndu Tda an nhdn ddn quydt dinh tha tii trudc thdi ban dot 02/9 cho phgm nhan thi khoang thdi gian do pham nhdn cung dugc ra khdi trai giam nhung phdi chap hdnh thdm 6 thang thdi gian thir thdeh, vdi nguy co ed thd lai bi buy quydt dinh tha tu, frd lai Trai giam khi cd nhieu vi phgm. Cirng vdi nhiing vide dd, se phdt sinh nhidu cdng vide cua cac co quan nha nude dd thyc hidn ede thii tuc kem theo.
Vi vgy, ed le mdt sd trudng hgp du ed du didu kien tha tii trude thdi ban nhung khdng tha tii trude thdi ban theo hudng cd Igi eho phgm nhan ciing nhu xa hgi nhu da ndu frdn.
Vdi nhung phdn tich frdn, de nghi ede ca quan tu phap trung uong cdn nghien ciiu, phdi hgp hudng dan cu thd dd vide thye thi khdng gap khd khan, bdo ddm thyc hidn diing chinh sach nhan dgo, khoan hdng cita Ddng, nha nude ddi vdi ngudi bi kdt an phgt tii ed dii dilu kidn.O
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Tap chi -KIEMSAT I 4 5
