Quan trj nhan sir phong each Nhqt Ban:
bai hpc cho doanh nghiep Viet Nam
N G U Y E N NGOC THANG
^^ogt ddng qudn tri nhdn sUgap phdn quan trgng vdo sti thdnh cdng cua doanh nghiep r ^ trong the'ky XXI. Hogt dgng ndy tuy khdng trUc tiep tgo ra sdn phdm dich vu, nhUng no CO vai trd rdt Idn ddi vdi viec ndng cao ndng sudt lao ddng, chdt luang sdn phdm. Hieu ro tdm quan trgng cua hogt dgng qudn ly nhdn sti, cdc cdng ty Nhat Bdn dd liin tuc cdi tien hogt ddng qudn tri nhdn sU, tgo ra phong cdch qudn tri nhdn sti Nhdt Bdn hien nay giup doanh nghiep phdt trien bin vUng. Bdi vii't gidi thieu hogt ddng qudn tri nhdn sU tai Nhdt Bdn tii trUdc nhiing ndm 1990 (the'ky XX) tdi nay, ddng thdi dUa ra mdt so goi y giup cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam qudn tri nhdn sUhiiu qud.
/ i r oan cdu hda d a n g didn r a n g d y m e t
^*^ m a n h me bcfi n g a y c a n g cd n h i e u khu vflc thfldng m a i tfl do. Bdn c a n h do sfl phat t r i d n b u n g no eua h e thd'ng cdng nghd thdng tin toan cau e u n g k h i e n cho t h e gidi trd len p h d n g h d n . Xu the' n a y ddn dd'n sfl dan xen sau r d n g hdn gifla eae n e n v a n hda vdi n h a u . Tuy nhidn, n e n v a n h d a c u a mdi qude gia vdn eo tac ddng m a n h me de'n heat dpng q u a n t r i n h a n sfl t a i cae edng t y ban dia, nha't la cac qud'c gia cd n e n v a n hda giau b a n sdc. Thflc te' cho t h a y cac edng ty N h a t B a n da d a t dflde sfl p h a t trien t h d n kj* d a n g k h a m p h u e . Sti t h a n h cdng eua cac cdng ty N h a t B a n hien n a y ed phdn ddng gop k h d n g n h o eua h o a t ddng q u a n tri n h a n sfl.
1. Quan tri n h a n stf p h o n g e a c h N h a t B a n
1.1. Qudn tri nhdn sii tgi Nhdt Bdn trUdc ndm 1990
Tri thflc va k h a n a n g s a n g tan cua n h a n vien dfldc coi nhfl nguon ltic q u a n t r p n g nha't cho Ipi t h e canh t r a n h b e n vflng cua mpt d o a n h n g h i e p , vi vay eac d o a n h n g h i e p N h a t B a n ludn coi q u a n t r i n h a n sfl la yeu to quyd't d i n h gdp p h d n giup d o a n h n g h i e p t h a n h edng. Hoat dpng q u a n t r i
n h a n sfl t u y k h d n g trtic tie'p t a o r a s a n p h d m dich vu, nhflng no cc vai trd ra't Idn dd'i vdi vide n a n g eao n a n g sua't lao dpng, c h a t Ifldng s a n p h d m . Tuy n h i e n , t r i thflc dfldc t a o r a q u a nhflng tfldng t a c gifla tae n h a n con ngfldi va ca'u t r u e xa hdi.
Sfl k h a c n h a u ve eau t r u e xa hdi bao gom he tho'ng c h i n h tri va v a n hoa gifla N h a t B a n va phfldng Tay khidn eho ngflcii N h a t n g h i de'n viee tao r a eac cudc each m a n g ve q u a n t r i n h a n sti t h d n g q u a vide t a o r a met md h i n h q u a n t r i n h a n sti p h u hdp hdn vdi v a n hda N h a t Ban. Thuye't Z la md h i n h dien h i n h ve q u a n t r i n h a n sfl theo kieu N h a t B a n va dfldc p h e bien k h d p the' gidi vao thdi ky b u n g no k i n h te' eua eae nflde C h a u A t h a p nien 1980. C h i n h thuye't n a y da gdp p h d n d a n g ke vao vi the' eua eae d o a n h n g h i e p N h a t B a n t r d n thfldng trfldng qud'c t e ' n g a y nay.
Vay thuye't Z ( q u a n tri n h a n sfl kieu N h a t Ban) k h a c vdi q u a n t r i n h a n sfl theo thuye't X va t h u y e t Y cua phfldng T a y ct diem gi? C h u n g t a co t h e xem b a n g sc s a n h dfldi day ( b a n g 1).
Nguyfin Ngoc Thang. TS., Trutmg dai hpc Kinh tU.
Dai hoc Qu6c gia Ha NPi.
71
Quan trj nhan su .
BANG 1: Stf k h a c n h a u giufa t h u y e t X, t h u y e t Y va Cac hoat ddng quan trj nhan sir chinh
Tuy6n dung De bat vh thang tie'n
Chuyen mPn h6a Dao tao Kiem tra Ra quye't dinh
Trach nhiSm Luang
Thuyet X va thuyet \ (phuang Taj 1 Ngan han
Nhanh Hep (IThuyen sau Nghidm ngat Ca nhan Ca nhan Co tmh each bici
thuye't Z
T h u v e t Z ( N h i U Ban) Suot dcti
Cham Rpng Da ky nang diSn rGng
Co tinh mac nhien Tap the Tap the Mang tinh can bang Nguon: Tong hop cua tac gia.
Thuye't Z chii trpng vao viec gia t a n g sfl t r u n g t h a n h cua ngflcfi lao ddng vdi cong ty bdng each tao ra sfl an tam va m a n nguyen eho ngUdi lao ddng ea trong va ngoai edng viec. Cdt ldi cua thuyet nay la lam thda m a n va gia t a n g tinh t h a n eho ngfldi lao dpng de dat dflde nang sua't. ehat Ifldng trong cdng vide. Thuye't Z co npi dung ehinh nhfl sau:
1.1.1. Cdng viec ldm iron ddi
Cdng ty cdn dam bao ehe' dp ldm viec lau dai de n h a n vien yen t a m va tang them t i n h t h a n trach nhiem, eung doanh nghiep chia se vinh quang va kho khan, gdn bd van m e n h eua hp vao van menh cua doanh nghiep. Ben canh dd, dam bao che dp lam vide lau dai de n h a n vidn phat huy tinh tich cflc, khuyd'n khich hp dfla ra nhflng phfldng an de nghi cua minh. Vi vay ma tai N h a t Ban, "ccng vide lam trpn ddi" dfldc eae doanh nghiep xem la phfldng p h a p nang cao nSng sua't va giup tao ra hieu qua trong edng viec. Cac cong n h a n \'ien Nhat Ban, nhd't la nhflng n a m edng n h a n vidn co tay nghe, thfldng thich lam mdt cdng viec sud't ddi va khong thich thay ddi edng ty. Nhflng n h a n vidn t r u n g t h a n h nay se dUde cdng ty dam bao cdng viec ba't chap boat ddng kinh doanh sa sut h a y khi cdng ty sii dung cac may mdc hien dai dd tidt kiem lao ddng. Cac cong ty chi giam tien thfldng t h a t thfldng cho so' cdng n h a n lam
vide sud't ddi va t h u y e n chuydn cdng n h a n vien sang eae bd p h a n san xua't khac. Ngflcii bi sa t h a i ehinh la sd' n h a n vidn lam vide tam thdi hoac b a n thdi gian.
1.1.2. Tgo diiu kien de nhdn vien tham gia vdo qud trinh ra quye't dinh Q u a n ly cap t r e n phai d a m bao ndm bdt dflde t i n h h i n h cua cap dfldi mot each ddy du.
Duy tri vide r a quydt dinh va n a n g cao trach nhiem t a p t h ^ bdng each tao dieu kien cho n h a n vidn t h a m gia vao cac quye't sach, kip thdi p h a n a n h t i n h h i n h cho cap tren. De n h a n vien dfla r a nhflng ldi de nghi eiia hp roi sau d6 cd'p trdn mdi quyd't dinh. Cu the, cae edng ty Nhdt B a n khuye'n khich sfl hdp tac gifla ngfldi lao ddng va n h a q u a n tri bdng each p h a n chia quyen l a n h dao. N h a n vien dfldc t h a m gia vao hoat ddng q u a n tri ciia edng ty va coi day la q u a t n n h hdp tae gifla ngfldi lao dpng va n h a q u a n tri trong viec ra quye't dinh va cae ehinh sach k i n h doanh, giup cdng ty kinh doanh t h a n h edng,
1.1.3. Bi cao vai trb cua nhd qudn ly cdp trung
X a n g cao vai trd cua n h a q u a n ly ca'p t r u n g gian trong vide q u a n ly ea'p dudi. Nha quan ly t r u n g gian phai thtic hien dupe vai trd thd'ng nha't tfl tfldng, thd'ng nha't chinh ly va hoan thien nhflng y kid'n eua ca'p ed sd. kip thdi bao cao t i n h hinh vdi ea'p t r e n va dUa r a
72 Nghiin ciiu Kmh tffsff42l^n;^;;^^;^
Quan trj nhdn su .
nhflng kie'n nghi eiaa minh. Bdn c a n h dc, q u a n ly ea'p t r u n g edn la nhflng ngfldi giup tuyen t r u y e n t a m nhin va fldc muo'n eiia lanh dao ea'p eao de'n vdi n h a n vidn. Hp se phd'i hdp eung vdi n h a n vien hidn thfle hoa tdm n h i n va fldc mud'n cua l a n h dao ea'p cao.
1.1.4. Quan tdm de'n ngUdi lao ddng vd gia dinh hg
Nha q u a n ly thfldng xuyen q u a n t a m den tat ea cae v a n dd" eua ngfldi lao ddng, kd ca gia dinh ho. Tfl do tao t h a n h sfl hda hdp, thdn ai, khdng each biet gifla cap t r d n va ca'p dfldi. Bdn c a n h dd, eae edng ty cung can phai ldm eho cdng vide ha'p d a n dd t h u h u t n h a n vidn t h a m gia tich eiie vao cdng vide.
Cac edng n h a n vidn ed t h e luan phien lam eac edng vide trong nhdm de giam sii n h a m chan vd p h a t trien k h a nSng t h a y thd', phdng khi ngfldi nao do trong nhdm vdng mat.
1.1.5. Ddnh gid nhdn vien phdi than trgng
c a e cdng ty d a n h gia n h a n vien mpt each todn dien, ro r a n g , can t r p n g va eo bien phap kiem soat te' nhi, mem deo, gifl t h e dien cho ngfldi lao dpng. Ben c a n h do, eac cdng ty cung ludn ludn e h u y de'n dao t a o va phat t r i e n n h a n vien.
1.2. Qudn tri nhdn sU tai Nhdt Bdn sau ndm 1990
Thflc te' k i n h d o a n h nhflng n a m 1990 da CO nhflng t h a y doi Idn va tac dpng de'n eac cdng ty N h a t B a n . Dd la cudc each m a n g edng nghiep lan thfl ba, t a p t r u n g vao p h a t trien dfla t r e n t r i thfle va coi t r i thfle la nguon Iflc q u a n t r p n g nha't, t h a y the' cho nhflng nguon Ifle t r u y e n tho'ng la da't dai, vd'n va n h a n ltic t h u d n tUy. Ngfldi N h a t ngay sau do t i n r d n g viec q u a n ly tri thflc edn dflde t h e hien dfldi h i n h thfle d a u tfl sau eho cdng nghd t h d n g tin. Tuy n h i e n , day lai la h i n h tfle ddu tfl k e m hieu q u a nd'u k h d n g mud'n ndi la t h a t bai. Dd la h a u qua cua viec hieu sai nghiem t r p n g r d n g q u a n ly tri thflc ehi la v a n de lflu trfl.
chuyen giao va sfl d u n g hidu qua he thd'ng t h d n g tin.
Sfl kien nay da kich thich nhieu thao l u a n sdi noi ve ly t h u y e t va thflc h a n h ve q u a n ]y tri thflc t a i N h a t Ban. Cuo'i cung thi mpi ngfldi cung di de'n thd'ng nhd't rdng q u a n tri t r i thflc phai bdt d a u tfl boat ddng q u a n tri n h a n sfl, vi tri thfle dflpc tao r a bdi con ngfldi. Cae edng ty khdng thd hieu dfldc cdch hp tao r a tri thflc ridng biet nd'u khong hieu dflde vai trd va chflc n a n g eua ye'u td' chii q u a n eon ngfldi (suy nghi ea n h a n , cam xuc, y tfldng, linh cam hay fldc md) trong q u a t r i n h do. Vi vay, cac edng ty cdn chu y ddn t a m q u a n trpng cua b a n n a n g va cam xuc eua ngfldi lao dpng, eung nhfl bd'i canh t r o n g q u a t r i n h tao ra tri thflc. Tfl day, mdt ly thuye't mdi ve q u a n t n n h a n sfl dfldc ra ddi t a i N h a t B a n vao nhflng n a m ddu t h a p ky 90 (the' ky XX), do la ly t h u y e t ve q u a n tri diia t r e n t r i thfle. Ly t h u y e t nay dfldc de x u a t bdi giao sfl Ikujiro N o n a k a cua Trfldng Kinh doanh H a a s thudc Dai hpe California, Berkeley.
Ly t h u y e t n a y x u a t p h a t tfl vide cho rdng tri thfle dflde t a o r a tfl qua t r i n h tong hdp tfl duy h a n h dpng cua mdi ca n h a n khi tUdng tac vdi bdn t r n n g va ben ngdai cua to chflc. Ikujiro N o n a k a da md ta ddy la qua t r i n h c h u y e n doi lidn tuc gifla tri thfle an va tri thfle hien. Cu t h e , tri thflc an trong moi ca n h a n dUdc ngoai boa t h a n h tri thfle hidn de co t h e chia se dfldc vdi mpi ngfldi t r d n g n h o m lam viec. Tri thfle n a y dfldc bo s u n g bdi dong nghiep va trd t h a n h tri thflc mdi ciia nhom. Cac nhdm sau dd tie'p tuc chia se tri thfle vdi n h a u de tao ra tri thflc c h u n g cho toan td chflc. Sau dd tri thflc dfldc pho bien cho ta't ca mpi ngfldi trdng td chflc va dflde mpi ngfldi trong doanh nghiep tie'p t h u dfldi d a n g tri thflc mdi. phong phu hdn va trd t h a n h ed sd cho vide bdt d a u mpt vdng s a n g tao tri thfle mdi. Md h i n h n a y dfldc md ta bao gom bdn h i n h thfle ehuyen bien eiia tri thflc: xa hpi hda (sccialization), ngoai hda (externalization), ket hdp (combinatidn) va
Nghiin aiu Kmh ti sd 421 - Thing 6/2013 73
Qudn trj nhan su ,
tid'p t h u ( i n t e r n a l i z a t i o n ) va dflde t h e h i e n t r d n g h i n h 1 dfldi day:
H i n h 1: Mo h i n h s a n g t a o t r i thOfc
CN: C^ ntian. TT' Tap thi. TC: 76 chCfc. MT: M6i tri/dng Ngudn: Harvard Business Review. November -
December 1991.
Ngay sau dd md hinh nay da dflde thfla n h a n vi nd dfla ra each nhin mdi va hidn dai.
Vai trd cua eon ngfldi trong mdt td chflc dfldc xem xet lai nhdm khdi day cae gia tri cua tri thflc dn trong moi con ngfldi. Tfl day, eac hoat dpng quan tri n h a n sfl eiia cac cong ty N h a t Ban ciing t h a y ddi. Ngoai vide tid'p tuc ap dyng thuye't Z, cac edng ty N h a t B a n edn t a p t r u n g vao eae khia canh sau:
1.2.1. Ddo tgo dinh hUdng cho nhdn vien Cung cap cac khoa dao tao dinh hudng eho n h a n vien de hp hieu dfldc tam nhin va cac mue tieu dinh hfldng (driving objective) cua cdng ty. Tdm nhin ndy se la mdt thdng didp den tflng n h a n vidn trong td chfle va cho n h a n vien bie't dflpc phai lam gi d^ eo the giup edng ty p h a t trien va dat dfldc sfl menh ma minh dang di tim. Chinh vide nay se huy ddng sfl sang tao tdng hdp eua ta't ea n h a n vien trong cdng ly who boat ddng tao r a tri thfle mdi. Vi du nhfl Cdng ty Honda mud'n t a t ca n h a n vien ghi nhd muc tieu dinh hUdng la
"cung cap cho khach h a n g mot ehiee xe td't".
Muc tieu nay giup Cdng ty Honda dien dat loai ehu t h e ma cdng ty mud'n trd t h a n h . De cd ehiee xe tdt. budc n h a n vidn trong cdng ty phai h a n g say sang tao tri thfle va eung n h a u chia se de dat dUde mue tieu.
1.2.2. Khuye'n khich doi thoai vd thtic hdnh trong cdng ty
Md h i n h ve sang tao t n thfle 6 t r e n cho c h u n g ta t h a y tri thfle dflde t a c r a trdng vdng quay lien tue thdng qua ddi thoai va thflc h a n h . Ddi thoai la ed sd eiia qua t r i n h sang tao tri thfle hidu qua, vi nd cho phdp mpi ngfldi hieu r d n g ed nhiing q u a n diem khae vdi q u a n diem ciia minh, giiip mpi ngfldi cha'p n h a n va tdng hdp nhflng q u a n didm dd.
Day la h i n h thflc hflu hidu de chuyen tri thflc dn, khd d i l n d a t t h a n h ngdn ngfl ehinh thfle cua t r i thflc hidn thdng q u a giai doan ngo^i hda. 5 Cdng ty Toyota, dd'i thoai de' cai tien san p h d m td't hdn t h d n g q u a h i n h thflc "hoi tai sao 5 Idn". Cdng ty Toyota eho rdng, se khdng khd de dfla r a ly do giai thich tai sao b a n lam mot viec gi, nhflng khi b a n hdi di hdi lai de giai thich ed sd ly do b a n dfla ra, chdc chdn b a n se b d t ddu suy n g h i s a u hdn ve ly do b a n cha't ddng sau suy n g h i va h a n h dpng cua minh. Loai dd'i thoai nhfl vay cho phdp Toyota ed t h e tdng hdp n h i i u m a u t h u d n , tim r a b a n cha't cua va'n de va dfla r a cac giai p h a p hflu hidu de giai quyet va'n dd~.
1.2.3. Tgo ra moi trUdng de nhdn viin sdng tgo
Cac cdng ty N h a t B a n cung xae n h d n tdm q u a n t r p n g ciia mdi trfldng va bd'i c a n h trong vide s a n g tao t r i thfle. Ho xem mdi trfldng la mpt dia diem vat cha't, c h a n g b a n phong hpp.
Tuy nhien, mdi trfldng ciing cd t h ^ la mdt t r a n g t h a i tfldng tae da ea'p giai thich cho cac tfldng tac d i l n r a tai mdt khdng gian, thdi gian rieng bidt, eu th^. Cae edng ty tao r a mdi trfldng tot cho n h a n vien thdng qua nhom lam vide, cac budi hpp, h a y trong khdng gian ao eiia eac dien d a n trdn m a n g . Tai day mpi ngfldi tfldng tac vdi n h a u va vdi moi trudng, dfla t r e n tri thflc hp cd se ddng gdp vao q u a t r i n h s a n g tao tri thfle eho doanh nghiep. T a i
74 Nghiin aiu Kmh tffsd 421 • Thi^i^^^^^
Quan trj nhan sir.
Cdng ty Seven Eleven J a p a n , cac chudi sieu thi deu td chflc hpp ngdn vdi n h a n vien vao budi sang d l trao ddi nhiing va'n de hp gap phai hdm trfldc, dfla r a eac va'n de" cap thiet, va r u t kinh nghidm cho budi lam vide tie'p theo. Budi hpp nay giiip n h a n vidn edng ty chia se tri thfle vdi n h a u va tri thflc mdi dflde hinh t h a n h trong edng ty.
1.2.4. Tdn trgng nhdn vien vd thudng xdng ddng cho nhiing sdng kii'n
Ben canh viec tao ra mdi trfldng cho n h a n vien tfldng tac va tao r a t r i thfle trong qua trinh lam viec, p h a n thfldng ddng vai trd quan trpng de tao ddng Ifle eho n h a n vidn tid'p ti^c sang tao. Chinh vi vay ma cae cdng ty Nhat Ban sdn sang thfldng xflng dang eho nhflng n h a n vien eo y tfldng mdi dfla vao ap dung t h a n h edng. Chinh dieu n a y da tao r a sii lam viee h a n g say ndi ngfldi lao ddng, giup cdng ty dat hidu sud't va nSng sud't cao. Cdng ty Canon cd nhflng dien d a n nudi dfldng sfl hieu bidt, tin tfldng va tdn trpng l a n n h a u , vi cdng ty tin rdng chi khi tin tfldng va tdn trpng n h a u , ngfldi n h a n vien mdi chia se bd't nhflng tri thfle minh cd vdi ddng nghiep.
Canon xem nhiing p h d n thfldng la each cdng ty ghi n h d n nhflng ddng gdp cua n h a n vidn vd cdng bd' d a n h sach nhflng ngfldi doat giai vdi so' tien cu the de chflng minh r d n g edng ty khdng chi ghi n h d n t h a n h tich ciia n h a n vien, ma edn thfldng eho nhiing ai ed y tfldng sang tao, gdp p h a n vao sfl p h a t trien cua cdng ty.
1.2.5. Ndng cao vai tro cua ngUdi lanh dgo trong viic phdn bdtdi ndng trong cdng ty
De qua t r i n h tfldng tae trong md h i n h sang tao tri thfle d a t hieu q u a t h i ngfldi l a n h dao ddng vai trd ra't quan trpng. Ho ed thd la ngfldi dfla r a tdm nhin tri thflc hoac muc tidu (Jinh hfldng, p h a t tridn va cd vu chia se tri thflc, khuye'n khich tfldng tac t h d n g qua dd'i thoai va thflc h a n h , hay hd trp, ke't ndi cac nhdm, dfla r a cac phdn thfldng cho nhiing tri thflc mdi hflu ich cho td chfle. NgUdi l a n h dao eung ed thd dung cam giae, giae quan de cam n h a n , n h a n bie't nhflng va'n dd" cd t h e giai
quye't dfldc trong dieu kien h a n ehe' eiia to ehfle va p h a t trien nhflng ke hoach hieu qua de giai quyd't cae va'n de do, m a n g lai ldi ich chung cho td chflc. Tai Cdng ty dflpc phdm Eisai, lanh dao cdng ty da tao r a mdt mdi trudng lam viec nang dpng va sang tao thong qua viec giao quyen lam viec dpc lap cho cac bd phan. Lanh dao cdng ty lam cdng viec chu ye'u la ke't nd'i cac bp phan vdi n h a u .
2. Gpii y c h o c a c d o a n h n g h i e p V i e t N a m
Trong nd'n kinh td' tri thflc, gia tri cua mdi doanh nghiep khdng edn ndm d tai san hflu hinh m a ehinh la ngudn nhan Iflc. Doanh nghiep cdn flng dung quan tri n h a n sfl de khdi day tri thfle, t a n g tinh hieu qua va bd'n vflng eho doanh nghidp thdng qua ngfldi lao ddng. 0 Vidt Nam, boat ddng quan tri n h a n sfl tuy da xud't hien, nhUng tinh chuyen nghiep cua hoat dpng nay trong eac cdng ty chfla thfle sfl rd net. Ra't nhieu doanh nghidp cdn chfla n h a n thflc day du vai trd eiia boat dpng q u a n tri n h a n sfl trong viec nang eao n a n g sud't va ket qua hoat dpng cho doanh nghiep. Vi vay, dd cd thd q u a n tri n h a n sU hieu qua, cac n h a quan ly doanh nghiep Viet N a m phai n h a n thflc va xac dinh: (i) nguon n h a n liic ddng vai trd quan trpng va tidn quye't trong vide tao r a ldi the' canh t r a n h cho doanh nghidp; (ii) cac sang kid'n va tri thflc mdi t h u d n g dfldc phat sinh trong qua t n n h lam viec; (iii) trie't ly, tdm nhin, sfl tdn trpng va khuyd'n khich eiia l a n h dao dd'i vdi nhSn vien ddng vai trd quyet dinh dd'i vdi viee tao r a tri thflc mdi trong td chflc. Vi vay, d l quan tri n h a n sfl hieu qua, cac n h a quan ly Viet Nam ben canh vide quan tam den ddi sd'ng ngfldi lao ddng, hay d a n h gia n h a n vien edng bang, can t a p t r u n g vao:
- Xay dflng chie'n Iflde phat tridn doanh nghidp. Chie'n Iflde nay giup cho ta't ca n h a n vien hieu dflde sfl menh, tarn nhin, mue tieu dinh hfldng cua td chflc, do dd n h a n vien se gdn bd va ddng gdp eho doanh nghiep.
- Xay dflng mdi trfldng de n h a n vien cd the tfldng tae Idn n h a u va tfldng tae vdi ben
t>ighiin cOu Kmh li sff 421 - Thing 6/2013
75
Quan tri nhan su ,
ngoai doanh nghiep. Doanh nghiep cd the tao ra mang ndi bd, cae didn dan cho nhdn vien trao ddi. Cae doanh nghidp cung ed t h e sap xdp va thid't ke ndi lam vide de n h a n vien dd dang tfldng tac nhfl thie't kd' cac khu udng nfldc va cafe ehung trong edng ty...
- Ddy m a n h edng tac dao tao va bdi dfldng chuydn mdn thfldng xuyen eho ngfldi lao dpng trong doanh nghiep, dae biet la dao tao ndi bo, ngfldi cd kinh nghidm dac tao, hfldng dan cho ngfldi mdi.
- The hien vai trd cua n h a lanh dao thdng qua vide kd't ndi cae ngudn lUe eua doanh nghiep. Cae n h a quan ly eung can phai p h a n quyen va giao quyen cho n h a n vidn de hp ed ed hpi the hidn minh, ddng gdp eho doanh nghiep.
- Cdn thfldng eho nhflng sang kie'n ciia n h a n vien da dfldc doanh nghiep ap dung, hay nhflng sang kie'n mang lai gia tri kinh td' cao eho doanh nghidp. Cae nha quan ly cu,ng can tdn trpng va ghi n h a n t h a n h tich eua n h a n vien dudi cac dang khac nhau.
Ke't ludn: ddi mdi edng nghd nhdm n a n g cao chat Ifldng san pham dang dfldc cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam coi la giai phap td't nha't de nang cao k h a nang canh t r a n h t r e n trfldng qud'c td'. Tuy nhien, thflc te tai eac
cdng ty N h a t Ban da chi r a rdng vide quan ly va khai thac ed hieu qua tri thflc thdng q u a boat dpng quan tri n h a n sfl mdi la giai p h a p giup doanh nghiep p h a t tridn ben vflng. Do dd, bai viet gidi thieu boat ddng qudn tri n h a n sii theo trudng phai q u a n tri N h a t Ban, t a p t r u n g vao vide n h d n thfle cae qua t r i n h sang tao tri thfle, trong dd n h a n vidn ddng vai trd la t r u n g t a m eua cae hoat ddng chia se va tdng hdp de tao r a tri thfle. Qua trinh nay dflde ddn ddt bdi trie't ly, tdm n h i n ciia ngfldi l a n h dao. Chien Iflde edng ty, mdi trfldng lam viec, sfl tdn t r p n g va khuye'n khich gdp phdn giup n h d n vien sang tao tri thfle cho doanh nghidp./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nonaka. L (1991), "The knowledge-creating company". Hanard Business Review 96-104.
2 Nonaka. I., Toyama, R. and Hirata. T. (2010), Managing flow, Palgrave Macmillan, London.
3. McGregor, D. (I960). The Human Side of Enterprise.
New York. McGraw Hill.
4. Ouchi. William G. (1981). Theory Z, New York:
Avon Books
5. Liker, Jeffrey K.; Meier, David (2005). The Toyota Way Field book. A Practical Guide for Implementing Toyota's 4Ps. McGraw-Hill.
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