THirC nEN PHAP LUAT
CAC QUY DINH CUA PHAP LUAT VE CAM KET LOAI TRIJ BAN PHA GIA VA KIEN NGHI
Phan Phuang Nam*
Kim Thi Hanh**
* TS. Pho Tru'dng Khoa Luat Thu'dng mai, Dai hpc Luat TP. Ho Chf Minh.
* • TliS. NCS. Pho tru'dng Ban thu'dng true Ban Van hoa - Xa hpi HBND tinh Tay Ninh.
Th6ng tin bai viet:
Tu khoa: Chong ban plia gia, cam ket ve gia, quan ly ngoai thuong.
Lich sU bai viet:
Nhanbai Bien tap Duyft bai
: 03/01/2020 : 08/01/2020 : 11/01/2020
Tom tat:
Bai viet phan tich, chi ra nhung han che lien quan den viec cam ket ve gia trong phap lu$t chong ban pha gia. Tren ca so do, bai viet dua ra mpt so kien nghi nham hoan thien cac quy dinh cam ket ve gia se duac thuc hien co hieu qua va phat huy ro han vai tro cua no trong hoat dgng chong ban pha gia.
Article Infomation:
Keywords: anti-dumping, price undertaking, foreign trade management.
Article History:
Received Edited Approved
03 Jan. 2020 08 Jan. 2020 11 Jan. 2020
Abstract:
This article provides analysis of and shortcoming in the rules on price undertaking m the legal regulation on anti-dumping. Then, the article also provides a number of recommendations to improve the rules on the price undertaking so that they will be enforced effectively and to better enrich its role m anti-dumping.
C
am ket ve gia (price undertaking) Id mpt trong cdc bien phdp co the dupe dp dung trong phdp luat ve chong bdn pha gid (CBPG)'. Day la mot bien phdp dem lai nhieu uu diem cho nhiing chu thg lign quan nhu: i) gidm thieu chi phi cho qua trinh tigp tuc thuc hien boat dpng dieu tra de xdc dinh chinh xae bien dp pha gid euanhiing nha sdn xuit xuit khiu hang boa; ii) gidm thilu duac thiet hai ciia cdc nhd xuat khiu hang hoa vi co thg hp se bi dp dung muc thug chdng phd gia eao ban khi nuac nhdp khiu hodn tit dot digu tta; iii) viec dp dung cam kgt du dg han chg nhung tdn thdt xdy ra cho nganh san xuit trong nuacl Vi vdy, CO nhiing thai digm ma cam ket ve gid
1 Dilu 8.5 cua Hi§p dinh ve ch6ng ban pha gia (viSt tat la ADA).
2 Vivian C. Jones (2010), Trade Remedies and the WTO Rules Negotiations, Congressional Research Service, p. 24 theo https://pdfs,semanticscholar.org/4995/5eabb2731c3c3ecc0515c3a8abb814c71cde,pdf, tmy cap ngay 23/01/2020. , NGHllN CUU I 1114 So 2+3(402+403) - Tl+2/2020\^ |_^p P H ^ p lUtf
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
da chiem ty trpng rat Ion trong cac cupc digu tta vd dp dung cac bien phdp chong ban phd gid^. Tuy nhign, viee dp dung bien phap cam ket ve gia khong duge sii dung nhieu ttong thai gian gan ddy, co nhigu ly do, ttong do CO ly do bien phdp cam ket gid eo thg gdy nen su ldn ttdnh thue ciia nha xuat khau''.
Tuy vay, ro rang eam ket gid ciing c6 vai tto nhit dinh ttong viec dp dung ede bien phdp chong bdn phd gia, nham han che nhiing thiet hai bai viec bdn phd gia cho ngdnh san xuit ttong nuoc ciia quoc gia nhdp khau. Vi vay, viee nghign cuu npi dung nay ciing Id mgt ygu ciu cip thigt vd quan ttpng cho qua trinh hoan thien cdc quy dinh cua phap ludt vg phong ve thucmg mai noi rigng va ede quy dinh cua phap luat vg qudn ly boat dpng ngoai thuang ciia Viet Nam noi ehung.
1. Thyc trgng quy flinh cua phap luait Viet Nam vl cam k^t loai trw ban pha gia
Vai tto cua cam ket loai trii bdn phd gid (cam kgt) la dieu kho phii nhdn ttong viec dp dung cac bien phdp chong ban phd gia. Bai le, doi khi co sy cam ket, cdc vdn de lien quan dgn viec dp dung bien phdp chong bdn phd gia (BPCBPG) ciing tta ngn don gidn va hieu qua hon. Cam ket vira tao digu kien cho ben san xuat, ben xudt khdu hdng boa (ben cam ket) co thg khac phuc hanh vi bdn pha gid cua minh, the hien sy thien ehi, hpp tae voi qu6c gia nhdp khau hang hoa^ vua giiip cho CO quan digu tta (CQDT) c6 them cdc
thong tin dg tir do thyc hien cac boat dpng hen quan ttong eong tae dieu tta.
Hien nay, a Viet Nam, cam kgt ve loai trir ban phd gid ttong cdc BPCBPG dugc quy dinh ttong Luat Qudn ly ngoai thuang nam 2017 (Luat QLNT)^ Nghi dinh so 10/2018/NB-CP ngay 15/01/2018 cua Chinh Phil quy dinh chi tigt rapt s6 Dieu ciia Ludt qudn ly ngoai thuang vg cac bien phdp phong ve thuang mai (Nghi dinh so 10/2018/ND-CP) va Thong ta s6 37/2019/TT-BCT ngdy 29/11/2019 cua Bp Cong thuang ban hanh Quy dinh chi tilt mot s6 ngi dung vg cdc bien phap phong ve thuang mai (Thong tu s6 37/2019/TT-BCT).
Ve ca bdn, nhirng quy dinh ve cam kgt ttong Luat QLTN vd cae van bdn hucmg din thi hanh da co nhieu tign bp han so voi cdc quy dinh ttong Phap lenh s6 20/2004/PL- UBTVQH11 ngdy 29/04/2004 eua UBTVQH vg viec ch6ng bdn phd gid hdng hoa nhap khiu vdo Viet Nam va cdc van bdn huang din thi hanh. Dieu nay duge thg hien qua cdc npi dung sau:
Thu nhdt, cdc quy dinh trong Ludt QLTN vd cdc vdn bdn hu&ng ddn thi hdnh dd cd nhihig <^uy dinh chi tiit hem, ro rdng han vi cam kit vi gid. Theo do, cdc npi dung cua cam ket dugc thigt kg hop ly ban, cdc ca sa dg eo quan nha nuoc c6 thdm quygn chdp nhdn hay tu choi cam ket cCing da dugc neu ra phil hgp hem. Dieu nay tao diSu kien thudn lgi cho CO quan nha nuac co thdm quyen
Nghien cihi ciia Tharakan da cho thdy trong s6 249 tmong hiTp dieu tra chong ban pha gia frong giai doan 1980 -1987 da co din 72% trucmg hop bi chdm dut do ap dyng cam ket trong EEC. Xem Tharakan (1991), The pohtical economy of anti-dumping undertakings m the European communities, European Economic ReviewVolume35, Issue 6, August 1991, pp.1341-1359,
Theo nghien cuu ciia Zanardi va Maurizio cho thiy tir nam 1981 den nam 2001, khoang 40% cac vu ki^n chdng ban pha gia tai EU da duoc giai quyit bdng cac cam kit ve gia. Xem Zanardi va Maurizio (2004), Anti-dumping: What are the Numbers to Discuss at Doha?, The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol.
27(3), p,425.
Shih-Jye Wu, Yang-Ming Chang, Hung-Yi Chen (2014), Antidumping duties and price undertakings:
A welfare analysis. International Review of Economics and Finance, 29(2014), pp.97-107.
Aimin Sieinbach (2014), Price Undertakings in EU Anti-dumpmg Proceedmgs — An Instrument of the Past?, Joumal of Economic Integration, Vol. 29, No. 1 (March 2014), pp. 165-187 (23 pages), pp.179.
Di8mb, khoan 3, Dilu 77 Luat QLNT 2017.
104
J J ^ " p „ ' ^ ^ S 6 2rt(402t403). 11*2/2020THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT ttong vi?c xem xet vd chap nhdn hay khong
chap n h ^ cam kgt nay. Theo do, ve ca ban, phdp luat Viet Nam cung xdc dinh ro cam kgt ve gia la quyen, khong phai la nghia vu ciia bgn cam kgt. Cam kgt do the hi^n su thien chi, su mong mu6n tu rdng bupc minh cua bgn cam kgt vdi ea quan dieu tta ve miic gid nhit dinh di ddm bao ring miic gid do c6 khd ndng khae phue dugc thigt hai dang ke hoac de dpa gay ra thigt hai dang ke cho ngdnh sdn xuat ttong nudfc. Tuy nhien, dg xem xet cam ket, eo quan dieu tta, khong chi xem xet yeu to gia eam ket eo kha nang khac phuc dugc thiet hai dang ke hoac de dga gay ra thiet hai dang ke cho nganh sdn xuat ttong nuae, ma eon xem xet nhieu yen to khac lien quan nhu: eo che qudn ly hien tai co the gidm sdt hieu qud viee thue hien cam ket;
khd nang ldn ttdnh bien phdp chong ban pha gid thong qua cam kgt;...''
Thoi diem xudt hien quyen dua ra cam ket ve gid ciing nbu viec xem xet co chip nhdn hay khong chap nhan cam kgt vg gid Id sau khi Bg truang Bg Cong Thuang (BTBCT) quygt dinh dp dung bien phap chong bdn pha gia, chong ttg cap tam thai vd eham nhat 30 ngay truoc khi kgt thuc giai doan digu tta^. Dieu nay Id hoan todn phu hgp voi quy dinh tai khoan 8.2 cua ADA^
boi day la thoi digm da xde dinh la co nhimg yeu to nhdt dinh cua hanh vi ban phd gid vdo Vi$t Nam nhung ehua eo ket luan cuoi cung nen co the chap nhdn cho phep nha nhap khdu dua ra eam kgt.
Khi da xem xet, ca quan digu tra se bao cao dg BTBCT ra quygt dinh c6 chip nhdn eam kgt vg gid hay khong? Theo ADA, khi ca quan nhd nuac co tham quygn da chip nhan cam kgt thi viec digu tta co thg chim dut truT khi nhd xuat khdu mu6n va ea quan CO thim quyen ydn mong mu6n tigp hic hoan tat qud trinh digu tra vg bdn phd gid vd viec xde dinh thigt h^i se van dugc hodn thdnh'".
Tuy nhign, theo quy dinh ciia phdp luat Vi?t Nam, sau khi chdp nhan cam kgt vg gia, viec tigp tuc digu tra la duong nhign, khong phu thuge viee nha xudt khiu mu6n hay khong muon. Day c6 thg xem la uu diem cua phdp luat Viet Nam vi ly do sau:
Mot Id, trong truang hgp nhd xudt khdu cham dirt cam ket, viee tiep tuc dieu tta de CO kgt ludn cuoi eimg se Id ca so rat tot eho Chinh phii. Bai le, cam ket vg gid la quyen ciia nha xuat khau nen hg co thg chdm dut cam kgt bat ky thai diem ndo. Khi do, Chinh phii hoan todn c6 dii dii lieu, chiing eu dg xac dinh bign dp pha gia va dp dung eac bien phdp chong pha gia khde mot each CO hieu qud".
Hai Id, viec tiep tuc digu tta dg co ket luan cu6i eiing doi khi nhdm dam bdo cd lpi ich ciia nha xuit khiu. Boi le, khi eo kgt luan chinh thuc la khong co hdnh vi bdn phd gid, BTBCT se quygt dinh chdm dut vu viec vd chim diii; thyc hien cam kgt'^.
Thu hai. cdc quy dinh cua phdp lugt hiin hdnh dd the hiin rd net han yiu cau cdng khai minh bgch cua thong tin trin ca
7 Xem them khoan 4 dilu 38 Nghi djnh s6 10/2018/ND-CR 8 Xem them khoan 1 Dilu 38 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CR
9 Khoan 8.2 cua ADA quy dinh: "8.2 Khong dugc phep yeu cdu hoac chdp nhan cam kit vi gia ciia^cac nha xudt khdu trir khi cac ca quan c6 thdm quyen cua Thanh vien nhap khdu da co quyet dinh sa bo khang dinh CO viec ban pha gia va co t6n hai do vi^c ban pha gia do gay ra",
10 Xem them khoan 8.4 ciia ADA.
11 Diiu 43 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP quy dinh: "Dilu 43. Ap dung bi?n phap ching ban pha gia, chong ttg cap sau khi huy bo th\rc hi^n cam ket
12 Trong tnxang hpp vi^c hiiy bo thyc hi^n cam ket thuc hien theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 42 cua Nghi dinh nay, BO tnrdng Bo Cong Thuong co quyln quyet dinh ap dung bien phap chong bin pha gia, chong trg^cap chinh thuc dua tren th6ng tin s^n co va ap dyng trcr vl truac d6i voi hang hoa ciia Ben de nghi cam ket vi pham cam kit ^ „ g „ , g „ CUU I i n R S62+3(402+403}-T1+2/2020^|_^p P H A P l U l l
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
sd quy dinh: "Ca quan dieu tra (CQDT) thdng bdo cdng khai npi dung cam kit cho cdc bin liin^quan"^'^. Theo do, cac bgn lien quan c6 quyen gui y kien binh luan bdng van bdn ttong thai han dugc quy dinh ttong thong bdo. Quy dinh tten con thg hien tinh dan chii dg lang nghe y kign da chieu tii eac ben lien quan. Tren co so do vd cdc quy dinh cua phdp lu^t lign quan, co quan nhd nuoc CO thdm quyen se quygt dinh chip nhan hay khong chdp nhdn cam ket.
Tuy nhign, bgn canh nhiing diem tich cyc ttgn, eac guy dinh ve ngi dung ndy vdn eon mpt so digm han chg cdn xem xet:
Thu nhdt, quy dinh vi caquan cd thdm quyin quyit dinh viic chdp nhdn hay khdng chdp nhgn cam kit cua bin liin quan cdn chua logic. Theo digm b khodn 2 Digu 81 Lu$t QLNT 2017 quy dinh ehii t h i co thg ehdp nhdn, khong chap nhan hoac dg nghi dieu chinh npi dung cam ket ttgn co so lay y kien cua to chiic, cd nhdn dai dien cho ngdnh sdn xudt ttong nuae, Id CQDT. Digu ndy mau thuan vai quy dinh tai khodn 1 Digu 39 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP Id: "BTBCT xem xet ban hdnh quyet dinh chap nhdn hoac khong chap nhan cam ket cua Bgn dg nghi".
Vg ly luan, Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP la Nghi dinh huang dan thi hanh Ludt (^LNT 2017 nen viec quy dinh tai khodn 1 Dieu 39 cua Nghi dinh Id ttdi voi quy dinh tai diem b k h o d n 2 b i g u 8 1 LudtQLNT 2017. Nhu vay, theo Luat Ban hanh van bdn quy phdp luat''' thi quy dinh tai khoan 1 Digu 39 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP la khong eo hieu luc.
Tuy nhien, ro rdng quy dinh tai diem b khoan 2 Digu 81 Luat QLNT 2017 Id chua phii hgp.
Vi theo Digu 73, khoan 2 Dieu 6 Luat QLNT 2017 xdc dinh r i t ro la "Bp Cong Thuong la CO quan d i u m6i giiip Chinh phu thue hien qudn ly nha n u a c vg ngoai t h u a n g " va eo nhihig nhiem vu, quygn ban duge quy dinh eu thg. Di6u 73 Ludt QLNT 2017 ciing quy dinh ro r i n g : "CQDT do Chinh phii thanh lap thupc eo c i u to chiic ciia Bg Cong Thucmg" va vdi nhihig nhiem vu, quyen h ^ duoc quy dinh tai khoan 2 Digu 73 ndy cdng lam sdng to vai tto giiip viec, ho ttg Bg Cong thuang eua CQDT. Do vgy, theo logic ttgn, CQDT chi Id e a quan tham muu eon ca quan CO tham quyen chinh thiic vg van dg ndy phdi la B T B C T
Thic hai, phdp lugt hiin hdnh chua tgo diiu kiin cho viic tdng khd ndng dp dung cam kit. Van biet rang cam ket Id y ehi don phuong ciia ben cam ket va can dugc sy cha^ nhan ciia co quan nhd nu6c c6 thdra quygn ttgn ea so can nhac tinh hgp ly ciia eam ket, co loai tru cdc thigt hai tii boat dpng ban pha gid cimg nhu lam eho boat dgng nay khong con dat toi miic dp can phdi dp dung cdc BPCBPG. Mat khde, cdc quy dinh ciia ADA cung dang khuygn khich cac nuac thanh vign eo the tang khd nang dp dung duge cdc eam ket nham giam thigu chi phi cho hoat dgng dieu tta, ban chg tdc dpng tigu cyc ciia viec ban pha gid thong qua quy dinh:
"ttong chung muc co thg se tao c a hpi cho cdc nha xudt khau dupe phdn bien"'^ Bai vi, CO the doi khi c a quan co thim quygn chua
13 Trong truang hgp viec hiiy bo thuc hien cam ket thyc hien theo quy dinh tai khoan 2 va khoan 3 Dilu 42 ciia Nghi dinh nay, viec ap dung bien phap chong ban pha gia, chong trg cap thuc hien nhu sau:
a) Trong truong hgp viec huy bo cam ket dien ra trong giai doan bien phap chong ban pha gia, chSng trg c§p tam thoi dang dugc ap dung. Bo truong Bg Cong Thuang quyet dinh huy bo thuc hien cam kit va thong bao CO quan hai quan ap dung bien phap chfing ban pha gia, chdng trg cdp tam thai can cii tren kit luan so bg.
b) Trong truang hgp viec hiiy bo cam ket dien ra trong giai doan bien phap chong ban pha gia, chdng trg cdp chinh thirc dang dugc ap dung, Bp tnzong Bg Cong Thuong quyet dinh hiiy bo thgc hien cam kit va thong bao CO quan hai quan ap dung bi?n phap ching ban pha gia, chong trg cap chinh thiic can cii tren kit luan cuoi cung",
14 Xem dilm a khoan 3 Dilu 39 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CR 1 0 6 I ^TPHS^J^' 2+3(402+403, - T1+2/202o"
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT luang hgt nhiing khia canh khac eua cam kgt
ngn da tu eh6i cam kgt do bgn cam kgt dua ra. Tae gia cho rdng, do la digu hgp ly ma phap ludt Viet Nam eung cdn can nhac de bo sung quy dinh ndy ttong Digu 81 Ludt QLNT 2017.'
Thu ba, thudt ngir "gid cam kit" dugc dua vdo trong cdc quy dinh vi BPCBPG nhung khdng co su gidi thich se gdy khd khdn cho qud trinh dp dung BPCBPG. Mpt ttong cac truang hgp duge xac dinh Id hanh vi vipham eam ket duoc quy dinh tai khodn 1 Digu 41 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP la:
"Bgn de nghi cam ket xudt khau hang hoa bi digu tta vao Vi^t Nam thap ban miic gia cam ket". Tuy nhien, hieu nhu the nao ve gia cam ket de xac dinh chinh xdc hanh vi vi pham cua bgn dg nghi de co quan nha nuoc co tham quygn dua ra cdc bien phap xu ly thieb ddng tigp theo Id van dg can thigt. Co quan digm cho rang viee quy dinh tten Id khon^
can thigt boi le ttong cdc n6i dung cam kgt da CO xac dinh mpt npi dirng Id; "gid tham chieu" nen theo do co thg higu "gid tham chieu" chinh la "gia cam ket". Tuy nhign, digu nay la khong hoan toan chinh xdc, boi le theo digm b khoan 2 Digu 38 Nghi dinh 10/2018/ND-CP thi: "Gia tham ehigu bao gom gid ty xdc dinh, miic tang gia, phuang an dieu chinh gid". Nhu vay, gia tham chieu khong chi don gidn la miic gia da dugc xdc dinh cu the bang mgt con so tuyet doi md ben cam kgt cam kgt. O day, gid tham chigu ndy con bao hdm cd miic tang gia, phuang dn dieu chinh gia md ben eam ket se thyc hien ttong tucmg lai sau thai diem gOti cam kgt. Viec dong nhat giua "gid tham chigu"
vdi "gid cam kgt" Id khong hgp ly. Vi vdy, ddy la digm ban che can xem xet vd digu chinh de hoan thien quy dinh.
Thie ba, vi huy bd thuc hien cam kit, CO nhirng digm bat cap sau:
Mgt la, viec huy bo cam kgt dugc thg hien duoi hinh thiie ndo chua dugc quy dinh thong nhdt. Digu 42 Nghi dinh so
15 Khoan 6 Dilu 39 Nghi dinh sl 10/2018/ND-CR
10/2018/ND-CP qu^ dinh 3 truang hpp la co so dg huy bo cam kgt:
"1. Ben dg nghi cam kit co hanh vi vi pham eam kit theo quy dinh tai Digu 41 cua Nghi dinh nay;
2. CQDT de nghi buy bo thue hign cam kgt;
3. Bgn dg nghi cam kgt ygu cdu buy bo cam ket. Bgn dg nghi cam kgt co thg yeu ciu buy bo cam kgt tai bit ky thoi digm nao ttong thai ban hieu lye cua cam kgt voi digu kien viec buy bo phai dugc thong bao eho CQDT it nhdt 30 ngay truoc khi thyc hien huy bo".
Trong 3 truang hop do thi co 2 truong hgp tai khodn 2, 3 Digu 42 Nghi dinh so l6/2018/ND-CP_ld viec buy bo dugc thg hien bang Quyet dinh ciia BTBCT. Tuy nhien, truong hgp ngu tai khodn 1 Dieu 42 se ldm cho cam kgt bi hiiy, nhung bang hinh thiic gi la dieu phap luat eon bo ngo. Khi roi vdo trucmg hgp ndy, chinh ca quan dieu tta se dg nghi BTBCT ra quyet dinh buy hay la truang hgp nay duong nhign bi hiiy khi co bing chiing chung minh ro rang sy vi pham eua bgn cam ket?
Hai Id, khoan 2 Digu 42 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP quy dinh viee hiiy bo thyc hien cam kit co thg do "CQDT dl nghi huy"
ma khong ngu ro ly do tai sao eo quan dugc quyln hiiy la khong hgp ly. Vi theo do, CQDT CO thi dg nghi dp dung bien phap buy ndy mpt cdch tuy tien, ehu quan vd dieu nay se tao ngn nhilu chi phi dg tilp tuc thue hien cac BPCBPG khae. Theo chiing toi, cin xac dinh CO sa dg CQDT tiln hdnh hiiy nhdm xdc dinh ro ttdch nhiem ciia co quan nay ttong quygt dinh tten voi eo quan nhd nuoc cap ttgn.
Co thi CO quan dilm cho cho rang, CQDT de nghi khi ben cam kit co nhimg vi pham dugc xac dinh tai Dilu 41 Nghi dinh so 10/2018/ND-CP. Suy ludn do eo ve Id hpp iy nhimg ro rang vai each quy dinh tai Digu 42 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CPthi viec vipham Dieu 41 la mot truang hgp vd CQDT dg nghi
S6 2+3(402+403)-T1+2/2020N^L^p p | | A P
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
buy thyc hien cam kit la mpt trucmg hgp khde, vi duge quy dinh thdnh hai khodn khac nhau tai Dilu 41 Nghidinhsd 10/2018/ND-CP ngn khong CO su lien he ldn nhau.
Thu tu, quy dinh tgi khodn 1 Diiu 43 Nghi dinh sd 10/2018/ND-CP cdn bdt cap.
Theo quy dinh thai digm dua ra cam kit vl nguyen tae la luon truoc khi co kgt ludn chinh thiic ciia CQDT vg viec co hay kh6ng CO viec bdn pha gia... it nhdt Id 30 ngdy. Sau do, BTBCT ra quygt dinh chdp nhan (tten ca so dg nghi ciia CQDT). Do vdy, co thg thai digm BTBCT chdp nhan cam ket la chua c6 ket ludn digu tta. Ddng thai, theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dilu 39 Nghi dinh so 1*0/2018/ND-CP thi CQDT van tiln hanh dieu tta de ra ket luan cuoi cung. Digu ndy cho thdy, viec vi pham eiia ben cam kgt co thg thyc hien truoc hoae sau khi c6 kgt luan chinh thiic ciia CQDT. Neu thai digm ben cam kgt vi pham cam ket la truac khi eo ket ludn chinb thiic ciia CQDT thi can eii khoan 1 bilu 43 Nghi dinh s6,10/2018/ND-CP,
"BTBCT CO quygn quygt dinh ap dung BPCBPG... chinh thiic dya tten thong tin sdn CO va dp dung tta vg truoc doi voi hang boa cua Bgn dg nghi cam kgt vi ph^m cam ket". Digu nay Id chua hpp ly va vi pham quy dinh cua ADA vi cac ly do sau:
Tai thai digm nay, CQDT chua co kgt luan cuoi ciing, co chang ehi la kgt ludn so bg cua CQDT. Do vay, neu liie ndy yeu cau BTBCT quygt dinh chinh thiic dg dp dung bien phdp chong pha gid thi eo phii hgp, vd quygt dinh ndy co diing voi bign do phd gid hay khong?
Khoan 8.6 eiia ADA quy dinh: "Trong truong hgp eo vi pham doi voi eam ket, cdc CO quan co thim quyen tai Thanh vien nhdp khiu CO quyln sii dung cdc thong tin tot nhat sdn CO dg nhanh chong ap dung cdc hanh dgng, trong do bao gom dp dung ngay cac bien phdp tam thai theo diing cdc quy dinh
cua Hiep dinh nay". Nhu vay, ro rdng ADA khong CO quy dinh rang co quan nha nuac CO tham quyen se dp dyng quyet dinh chinh thiie md co quan nhd nu6c trong trucmg hgp ndy se dp dung eac bien phdp tam thai.
Thic ndm, khodn 2 Biiu 39 Nghi dinh sd 10/20I8/NB-CP xdc dinh "Cdc quyit dinh quy dinh tgi khodn I Biiu ndy phdi dugc cdng bd cdng khai cho cdc ben liin quan bdng phuong thiec thich hgp" nhung phuang thuc nhu thi ndo dugc coi la thich hgp cdn Id van di bd ngd. "Cong bo cong khai cdc quygt dinh vg viec dieu tta, dp dung cdc bien phdp phong ve thucmg mai"'^ da dugc xdc dinh la mgt ttong cae nguyen tie rdt quan ttgng ttong dp dyng cae BPPVTM.
Do vay, du quy dinh ciia phap luat khong ro rdng rihung ca quan nha nuoc khi thye hien vdn phdi ddm bao sy cong khai do. Tuy nhien, tdc gid eho rang quy dinh tten se tao nen su liing tiing, kho dp dung cho ca quan CO thim quyln vd khi can bdng chiing chiing minh se rit kho cho ca guan dp dung. Can CO nhiing quy dinh eu thg vg binb thiic cong bo ttong cae trucmg hgp ndy nham ddm bdo su minh bach, ro rdng eho viec dp dung cua CO quan nba nudc, sy gidm sat ciia cdc bp phdn khac ttong qua ttinh dp dung vd thyc hien cae BPPVTM noi ehung vd BPCBPG noi rieng.
2. Kien nghi ho^n thi^n cac quy djnh ciia phap luat ve cam ket toai trir ban pha gid Thu nhdt, sua ddi quy dinh tgi diim b khodn 2 Biiu 81^ Lugt QLNT 2017 Id:
"BTBCTcd thi chdp nhdn, khdngchdp nhgn hogc de nghj diiu chinh npi dung cam kit trin ca sd Idyy kiin cua td chiec. cd nhdn dgi diin cho ngdnh sdn xudt trong nuac vd de nghi cda CQBT". Viee sua d6i ndy ddm bao quy dinh nay diing vai thdm quyln ciia Bp C6ng Thuong dugc xdc dinh tai khodn 2 Digu 6 Luat QLNT 2017 vd phii hpp vcri nhiem vu quyen han ciia CQDT theo quy dinh tai Dilu
16 Khoan 1 Dilu 14 Luat Ban hanh van ban quy phap luat nam 2015 xac dinh mgt trong cac hanh vi bi cdra la
"ban hanh van ban quy pham phap lu|t trai vai Hiln phdp, trai vai van ban quy pham phap luat cua co quan nha nuac cap tren".
I N G H i i N CUU
L A P P H A P _ 'So 2+3(402+403) - Tl+2/2020
73 Luat QLNT 2017. Trong do, C ( ^ T chinh la ca quan cua Bg Cong Thuang, giiip Bg Cong Thuong thyc hign hoat dpng dilu tta cae boat dgng thuang mai eo thg anh huang din nganh sdn xuit ttong nude.
Thic hai phdp ludt cdn tgo dieu kien cho viic tdng khd ndng dp dung cam kit.
Theo quy dinh tai Digu 8.3 cua Hiep dinh ADA ttii: "Cam ket gid duge dua ra eo the khong dugc chap nhan neu nhu cae co quan CO thdm quyen xet thay viec chap nhan do khong mang tinh thuc te... Neu nhu truong hgp do xdy ra va neu nhu co the thuc hien duoc, cac ca quan CO tham quyen se cho cac nhd xuat khau biet ly do tai sao hg lai coi viec chap nhan de nghi do la khong thich hgp va ttong chung myc co the se tao ca hpi cho cae nha xuat khau dugc phan bien". Ro rang quy dinh ciia Hiep dinh ADA da rao ra CO hgi eho ben dua ra eam ket co su gidi trinh, phan bien vd ngu sau nhiing giai ttinh, phdn bien duge xdc dinh la hpp ly thi co thg cam kgt vdn dugc ehdp nhan. Tuy nhien, o Viet Nam, theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 39 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP thi: "Can cii hao eao cua CQDT, BTBCT xem xet ban hdnh quygt dinh chap nhdn hoae khong chap nhdn cam kgt cua Bgn de nghi. Truong hgp khong chap nhan cam kgt ciia Bgn de nghi, BTBCT phdi thong bdo ly do khong chip nhdn cam ket". Co nghTa la ve nguyen tie, cam kgt se khong dugc thyc hien, chap nhan sau khi BTBCT xdc dinh vd thong bdo ly do.
Ben cam ket se khong c6 eo hgi giai ttinh, phan bien. Dieu nay Id chua hgp ly nen chiing toi kign nghi bo sung ngi dung "ben cam kgt eo thg phdn bien, ttinh bay quan dilm vai nhihig ly do dugc BTBCT neu ttong quyet dinh khong chap nhdn cam ket"
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT dl BTBCT xem xet lai quyit dinh cua minh.
Tuy nhign, thai gian dl bgn cam kit dua ra phdn bien, quan diem vg cac ly do bi tu ch6i Id phdi ttong thai gian hpp ly thi viec phdn bien nay mai dugc BTBCT xem xet. Quy dinh nay se vira tang cao khd nang dugc chdp nhan cam kit ciing nhu gidm thilu ede chi phi cho cdc bgn ttong viec thuc hien cdc cong viec khde ttong viec dilu tta ndy. Tuy vdy, can quy dinh ro y kign phdn bien ciia bgn Cam kit phdi giii lai cho BTBCT tru6c khi ket thiic digu tta dl ra kit ludn cudi eung ttong mgt khoang thai gian hgp ly, de BTBCT xem xet va ra quyet dinh cu6i ciing la chdp nhdn hay khong chdp nhdn cam kit.
Thic ba, phdp ludt cdn gidi thich rd tie
"gid cam kit" vd nai ton tgi "gid cam kit".
Trong do, phdp ludt can xac dinh ro: i) gid cam ket Id miic gid md bgn cam ket edn phai xac dinh trorig cam ket gui dgn CQDT dg nham eam ket vg miie gia se dp dung eho hdng boa nhdp khdu vao Viet Nam ttong thdi gian xdc dinh, va ii) quy dinh tai khoan 2 Dilu 38 Nghi dinh s6 10/2018/ND-CP cin dugc xae dinh ro Id cdn c6 gid cam ket va xdc dinh moi lien he giira gia cam kgt vd gid tham chigu. Quy dinh ndy nham dam bao tinh cong khai, minh bach va tao digu kien thuan lgi cho qud ttinh ap dung BPCBPG.
Thii- tu, cdn huy bd khodn I Dieu 43 Nghi dinh sd I0/20I8/NB-CP. Theo do, Dilu 43 ciia Nghi dinh dugc siia lai nhu sau:
"Trong trucmg hpp viee huy bo thuc hien eam kgt thuc hien theo quy dinh tai Dilu 42 eiia Nghi djnh nay, viec dp dung bien phdp ch6ng ban pha gia, chong ttg cap thuc hien nhu sau:
1. Trong trucmg hgp viec hiiy bo cam kit diln ra trong giai doan BPCBPG, ehdng
17 Khoan 8.3 ciia ADA quy djnh: "Cam kit gia dugc dua ra co thi khong dugc chdp nhan neu nhu cac co quan CO thdm quyln xet thdy viec chdp nhan do khong mang tinh thuc tl, vi du nhu vi ly do so iirgng cac nha xudt khdu thuc su hoac tilm nang qua Ion hoac vi cac ly do khac, bao gdm ca cac ly do lien quan den chinh sach chung. Nlu nhu tmong hgp do xay ra va nlu nhu c6 thi thyc hien dugc, cac co quan co tham quyen se cho cac nha xudt khdu bilt ly do tai sao hg lai coi viec chip nhan dl nghi do la khong thich hgp va trong chung muc c6 the se tao ca hgi cho cac nha xudt khdu dugc phan bien".
18 Khoan 3 Dilu 68 Luat QLNT 2017.
\ NGHIEN CUU I i n n
•" "'-'•" ' "• "•• '• -'' S62+3(402+403}-T1+2/2020\^|_^p P H ^ p l U O
THUC TIEN PHAP LUAT
ttg cdp tam thoi dang dugc dp dung, BTBCT quyet dinh huy bo thuc hien cam ket vd thong bdo co quan hdi quan dp dung BPCBPG, chong ttg cdp tam thai can cii tten ket luan so bp.
2. Trong trucmg hgp viec hiiy bo cam ket dign ra ttong giai doan BPCBPG, ehdng ttg cap ehinh thiic dang dugc dp dung, BTBCT quygt dinh huy bo thyc hien cam kgt va thong bao eo quan hdi quan dp dung BPCBPG, chong ttg cap chinh thiic can eii ttgn kgt ludn cuoi ciing".
Viec sua doi ndy nhara lam cho quy dinh tto nen ro rang, chinh xde hon. Theo do, viec eam ket bi huy bo nhung vdn co the tigp tue thyc hien cdc giai doan ttong quy trinh digu tta CBPG va khong anh huong, khong sai voi eac quy dinh ttong ADA.
Thie ndm. phdp ludt can xdc dinh ro cdc "phuang thuc thich hgp "dupe ^^.^^^p di cdng bd cdng khai cdc quyet dinh vi chap nhgn hay tie chdi cam kit cho cdc bin lien quan Id phucmg thiec ndo? Theo tac gid, can thay cum tir "phuang thiic thich hgp" bang eum tu "bing van ban" se hay va chinh xdc ban. Bai le, ngi dung ndy khong can phdi cong bo eong khai tten eac phuang tien truyen thong dai ehiing, nhit Id ttong truang hgp tii ehoi vi phdi ngu ro ca ly do hi choi.
Nhung viec cong bo thong tin nay can phdi minh bach ngn thay vi quy dinh ehung chung la "phuang thiic thich hgp" thi thay bang cym tir "bdng van bdn" de chi ro la tit ca dgu CO bdng chiing ehiing minh viec tir choi hay chdp nhan, ly do ttr choi... dg cdc bgn lign quan co thg nam bat ro cae ngi dung ttong cac quygt dinh vg cam kgt nay •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
To ehiic Thuang mai Thg gidi, Hiep dinh ve viec thyc thi Digu VI ciia Hiep dinh chung vg Thue quan vd Thucmg mai 1994.
Armin Steinbach (2014), Price Undertakings in EU Anti-dumping Proceedings — An Instrument of the Past?, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 29, No. 1 (March 2014), pp. 165-187.
Shih-Jye Wu, Yang-Mmg Chang, Hung-Yi Chen (2014), Antidumping duties and price undertakings: A welfare analysis, International Review of Economics and Finance, 29(2014), pp. 97-107.
Tharakan (1991), The political economy of anti-dumping undertakings m the European comraunities, European Economic Review Volume 35, Issue 6, August 1991, pp.1341- 1359.
Vivian C. Jones (2010), Trade Remedies and the WTO Rules Negotiations, Congressional Research Service, p. 24 Accordmg to https://pdfs.semanticsebolar.org/4995/
5eabb2731c3c3ecc0515c3a8abb814c71cde.pdf, accessed January 23, 2020.
Zanardi vd Maurizio (2004), Anti-dumpmg: What are the Numbers to Discuss at Doha?, The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(3), pp.403-433.
