T 4 F c m KHOA HQC TRUaNG BAI HOC HONG BlTC - SO 46.ZII19
BAN SAC DAN TOC QUA THO VIET VE THON QUE CUA NGUYEN TRAI VA BASHO
Le T h i Nircmg^
T O M T A T
Nguyen Trai vd Bashd Id hai tac gid tieu bieu eho hai nin vdn hoc trong khu vuc Dong A thdi trung dgi. Dgc biit, tha thdn qui eua hai thi nhdn deu mang ve dep ddc ddo rieng cua vdn hoe Viet Nam vd Nhat Bdn. Nhimg vdn tha mdc mge, binh di viet ve thien nhiin, con ngudi thdn que khdng chi thi hiin nhdn sinh quan sdu sdc md cdn Id niim tu hdo vfl tinh yeu qui huang, xu sd ciia edc thi si An sau vdn tha Ndm cua Nguyin Trdi, tha Haiku cita Bashd la cdnh sdc vd tdm hdn cua mdi ddn tgc.
Tir khoa: Tha thdn que, bdn sdc ddn tgc, Nguyin Trdi, Basho.
I . D A T V A N D E
Van hpc la mpt thanh td tao ndn ndn van hda ciia moi dan tpc, dang sau ngon tir nghd thuat la ca chidu sau gia tri tinh than cua mdi thdi dai. Trong dd, tinh dan tpc la mdt trong nhung dac didm tao nen su khac bidt vd van hgc giiia cac nudc cimg anh hudng rapt nen van hda. Tinh dan tpc trong van hpc la "khai niem thudc phara tru tu tudng - thara mi, chi mdi lidn he khang Idiit giOa van hpc va dan tpc, thd hien qua tdng the nhiing dac didm dpc dao tuong ddi bdn viing chung cho cac sang tac cua mgt dan tpc, dugc hinh thanh trong qua trinh phat tridn lich su va phan bidt vdi van hgc cua cac dan tpc Idiac" [4, tr.289]. Tha thon qud Nguydn Trai (1380 - 1442) va Bashd (1644 - 1694) gpi ldn nhimg dac tnmg vd dat nudc va con ngudi cua hai dan tpc trong thdi trung dai.
2. NOI DUNG
2.1. Thff hu-oTig vd thien nhidn binh di, chSn thu-c, giau cam xuc
Tho ca tmng dai Viet Nam va Nhat Ban cimg nSra trong ddng chay cua tho ca tmng dai cac nudc vimg van hda chii Han. Thi nhan va thien nhien la tn ki hd iing cac cung bac cam xuc tinh td trong tam hdn con ngudi. Tuy nhidn, hinh anh thidn nhidn trong tha tmng dai d mdi dSn tgc lai raang ve dep ridng bidt, dgc dao, dac bidt la nhiing van tha vidt vd thien nhidn thdn qud binh di. Hon nua: "Tinh dan tgc bieu hien trong su phan anh "mau sic" dan tpc cua thidn nhidn, ciia ddi sdng vat chat va tinh thSn cua xa hdi" [4; tr.290].
Thidn nhidu thon qud khdng chi la canh sSc thudn phac ma cdn la chon binh ydn dd thi nhan ki thac tam sir thdi thd. Cac thi nhan da pha v5 tinli quy pham, vugt qua dugc rao can ciia tinh udc Id dh hudng ngdi but g§n sat hon vdi hien thuc cupc sdng khi khac hga thidn nhien binh di, dan da trong sang tao nghd thuat. Cai dep cua nghd thuat khdng chi cd trong
Ktioa Khoa hoc Xa hoi, Tru&ng Dgi hoc Hong Dice
" ' V """ ' ^ - , 6 7
T ^ P CHI KHOA HOC TRlTpfNG P ^ HQC H 6 N G PlTC - S O j H H . ^
didn pham ma cdn hien didn trong cuoc sdng hidn thuc, la birc tranh lang que thanh binh, ydn a da gan bd vdi ngudi dan lao ddng. Nguydn Trai va Bashd da khdc hpa buc tranh thien nhidn binh dj, mang dara canh sac que huang qua nhung van tho tinh te, dara da tmh than dan tpc.
Thien nhidn Dai Viet cung da xuat hidn trong tho cac thi nhan thdi Tran, tuy nhidn, phai den tha Ndm Nguydn Trai, vd dep dan da, rape mac radi dupc hidn ldn sinh dpng va chan thuc. Thien nhien ddng ndi va nhiing san vat hang ngay vdn rat ddi quen thupc vdi ngudi dan Viet hang nghin ddi nay, nhung Idii thidn nhidn ay dupc phac hga trong tho IJc Trai, tat ca deu ndn tha, vii'a quen vii'a la. Hinh anh thien nhien, san vat vdn gan gui binh di bong trd ndn cd hdn, trd thanh bau ban tri ki cimg thi nhan. Nha tho coi Idioanh khac hda minh vao thien nhidn la khoanh khac ban thd hai hoa nhat.
Nhii'ng hinh anh, dudng net, sac mau, am thanh ciia thidn nhidn ddu gpi ldn su gan bo, gan gui, \diai gpi cam xuc vd que huong:
Ta ldng thanh vi nuc nac, Vun dat ai, lanh mdng toi.
(Ngdn ehi - 9)
Tho thidn nhien thdn que ciia Nguydn Trai vira cho thay xu hudng dan tpc hoa ciia thi nhan vira cho thay sy phat tridn chung cua cac nudc trong Idiu vyc van hda chii' Han. Van hpc hudng tdi thd hien nhiing vd dep chan thyc, dac sSc ridng cua mdi dan tpc. Thidn nhien frong tho Nguydn Trai mang diu an dam da phong vi Dai Viet thd ki XV. Thi nhan thoat khdi nhung udc le da thanh cdng thuc hda dd dua hinh anh thien nhidn than thudc, gSn gui vao tha: "Qua nuc nac, ranh mdng toi, be rau raudng, ludng dpc raimg, rdi vku tre, kd khoai, dua mudi... la nhung thir rat quen thupc vdi ndng dan, nhung lai rat xa la vdi tho van chii Han" [6; d-.203].
Nhung s&c mau, dudng net, canh vat ciia birc Uanh que that than thuong, gSn gui:
Al cd cua thdng phdng thdt khach, Mgt ao meng nidng may ddng dong.
(Thudt hicng 11) Niii lang gidng, chim bau ban.
May khach khua, nguyet anh tam.
(Thudt himg 19) Ao quan tha giii hai be raudng, Dat but ucmg nhd radt luong mimg.
(Thudt hung 23)
Trong biic tranh que cua Nguydn Trai cd huong sSc, cd cay, san vat dac trung ciia que huong noi thi nhan gan bd, an nhan. Trudc do, Nguydn Phi Khanh cung da tim n h ' ddn am thanh quen thudc cua lang qud trong bai Thdn gia thit (Thii que nha)' "o™^ ~ ^*- dudng oa ngu qudt" (Mira tanh, ao chudm inh di tiing ich). Ngay tu thd ky XV h~ ^"- thanh, hinh anh mdc mac cua lang qud dk Vidt da duoc dua vao tho vdi h=.^ fJ- f^^ ^"^
^ ; , ,, • , ~ ^'^*J Wan thuone
tnu men cua thi nhan. ""^is>
Dd cung la diera gap gd cua cac thi sT tmng dai trong khu vyc van hd h~
Bashd la nha tho ciia thidn nhidn Nhat Ban, dac bidt la thidn nhidn thdn d~ r -^ ^ ° '
• Cupc hanh
TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRrOWG BAI HOC HONG BU'C - SO 46.2019
trinh ciia nha tho vd vdi thien nhidn va hda mmh vao thd gidi tu nhidn mdc mac iy khdng chi thd hidn mgt mi cam thdng thudng ma dang sau dd la ca mot nhan sinh quan sau sic vd va hnj va con ngudi. Thi nhan da dua nhirng nhanh hoa, nhung con vat binh di gSn vdi cupc sdng hang ngay vao tha: "Cd nhii'ng vat nhd be binh thudng: con qua, con dch, con ca, con myc, chSy ran, hoa da qui, hoa thu (hagi)..." [3; tr.35]. Ngudi dpc cam nhan dugc su gkn giii vdi thdn qud cua thi nhan tmng dai d xii sd Phit Tang:
Quanh chiec cdi xay Trdn minh cue trang Chiit bui cam bay Trong leu ngu dan Giiia dam tdm ca Cd con dd men
[Ddn theo 1; tr.272]
Nhixng hinh anh thidn nhien dugc nhSc ddn trong bai tha that tg nhidn, thuan phac.
Hinh anh con tdm, con ca, con dd men, bui cam... trd thanh tmng tam cua bai tho, la cam xiic tham mT ciia thi nhan. Ve dep do cho thay tho Haiku mang trang thai Wanbi (da) "la cai dan so binh thudng ma ta bat gap d nhiing su vat khiem tdn nhat va dudng nhu ngheo nan nhat" [1; tr.273]. Hinh anh thien nhien san vat mang net dac trung ridng phii hgp vdi khi hau va phong thd cua mdi dan tde, viing midn. Trong dd, hudng ngdi but ddn nhiing canh vat binh di ddi thudng chinh la each thi nhan gdp phan the hidn vd dep ddc dao ridng ciia dan tpc minh. Tir am thanh ddn canh vat ddi thudng trd thanh ngudn thi hung ddi dao trong sang tac cua Bashd:
Mua miia ddng Roi tren mai chudng bd Con ga trong gay vang
(Mua mita ddng) Khi hoa ciic miia thu lui tan Chang cd gi de vidt Ngoai dam cay cu cai
(Khi hoa cue mita thu lui ldn)
Net dac tmng ciia tha Haiku chinh la nhiing khic hpa thien nhidn bdn miia qua nhiing hinh anh chira pha, gai ta. Dii vidt vd miia ddng lanh gia hay mua thu "lui tan", nhiing hinh anh, am thanh rage mac, binh di vSn la nidm uu ai ciia thi nhan. Tho Bashd that hidra khi xuat hidn canh son thuy himg vT hay thidn nhien mang tmh dien pham cao nha, tidng "ga trdng gay vang" hay "dam cay cu cai" lai trd thanli ngudn thi hiing bat tan cua nha tha cd nidm uu ai dac bidt vdi thidn nhidn binh di. Ddi khi am thanh ciia mgt con dch nhay vao ao cung ggi ldn nhiing mT cam ddc dao, mdi la. Hon tha dupc khai hung tir chinh hinh anh ddi thudng, dan da. Canh vira dgng vira tmh, am thanh va hinh anh hidn htm h-ong mdt khdng gian nhd hep trong bai Cdi ao cu:
Mdt con dch nhay vao ao Xao dgng!
Lai im lim
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TAP CHJ KHOA HQC TRU'CUNG B ^ I HOC H 6 N G P U C j ^ g O j l i ^ ^
Nguydn Trai va Bashd cung tidp thu tmdng phai tho "didn vidn, son thuy" cua van hgc Trung Hoa, coi trgng vai trd cua thidn nhidn, tuy nhidn canh sac trong tho ciia hai thi nhan lai an chiia ve dep dac sac ridng bidt. Dd cdn la tu tudng, tinh cam, tam hdn cua thi nhan tmdc thidn nhien xii sd. Phai la nhimg thi nhan ed tinh ydu qud huong, gan bd tha thidt ciing nidm ty hao dan tgc mdi tao ndn nhiing van tho tinh te, giau gia tri bieu cam.
Tho vd thien nhidn thdn qud binh di cdn eho ngudi dpc thay dupc ve dep cua tam hdn hai thi nhan ddu tim vd ve dep trong trdo, thuan phac, bkdi di trong cupc sdng ddi thudng.
Dang sau nhiing hinh anh thien nhidn rat ddi binh di ay la nhCrag chidm nghidra sau sac vd cupc sdng, con ngudi va ngudn gdc ciia nghd thuat. Dii cac tac gia sang tac theo ldi quy pham nhung van ludn dd cao chat lidu hidn thuc tao ndn gia tri dac sac ridng cua tha ca tmng dai va net ddc dao ve canh sac cua mdi dan tpc.
2.2. Thff h i r ^ g tdi ca ngoi cude song doi thirdtig dan da
Tinh nhSn dan va tinh dan tgc ciia tac pham trudc hdt the hidn d vide phan anh ddn ddi sdng ciia ddng dao ngudi dan thdi trung dai. Tu tudng than dan chi phdi hau hdt trong sang tac cua cac nha nho ydu nudc. Hon nua: "Ndi dung can ban cua tinh dan tpc la d tinh than dan tgc, the hidn d tinh each dan tpc va cai nhin dSn tpc vdi cupc ddi"
[4; tr.290]. Tinh nhan dan ngay cang dupc thd hidn theo xu hudng chan thyc va gin gui vdi cupc sdng ddi thudng dan da d ndng thdn. Chinh vi vay, canh lao dpng san xuit thdn que cimg vdi cude sdng binh dj dupc thd hidn chan thuc trong cac thi phSm tmng dai Viet Nam va Nhat Ban.
Cupc sdng lao dpng thdn qud dupc thd hidn phong phu trong Quic dm thi tap cua Nguydn Trai. Thi nhan kliong chi la nha nho hanh dao ma cd khi cdn nhu mpt "lao ndng tri didn" khi lui vd §n dat chdn que. Day la noi tao ndn ngudn cam hirng mang tinh thin dan tgc sau sac. Cac bai tha Ndm chu yeu khic hpa birc chan dung cua chinh thi nhan nai thdn da vdi cdng vide "tac tinh, canh didn" quen thupc va gan gui. Nha tho khic hpa hinh anh lao ddng d thdn qud vdi tu thd nhan tan, an nhan, gin bd vdi tu nhidn: "Dap ang may, dra bd cin - Ngdi bdn suoi, gac cin cau" (Trdn tinh 5); "Mdt cay, mgt cude thu nha que - Ang cue lan xen vai dau kd" {Thugt hung 3); "Ao can vdt beo ciy mudng - Dia thanh phat cd uong sen" (Thugt himg 24).
Quic dm thi tap thd hien kha phong phu ddi sdng tinh thin noi thon da cua thi nhan vdi nhimg nidm vui gian dj, ddi thudng. Dudi chan nui Cdn Son, thi nhan thudng ngoan canh tri va tira thay niera vui khi song hda vao thien nhidn. Khung canh yen binh d 1'"
que giiip thi nhan qudn di nhiing au lo tren con dudng hoan Id, tha long ninh ddn nMn nhirng vui thii dien vidn:
Dd tnic, xong qua lan sudi, Tira mai, theo dap bdng trang.
Giang son bat ngat kia qud cii, Timg ciic bii tri ay ciia hang.
(Tu thdn - 7)
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TAP c m KHOA HQC TRlTONG BAI HQC HONG PiTC - SO 46.2019
Dudng nhu vdng tuin hoan thdi gian ciia thi nhan ludn diy ap nhirng nidm vui gian di. Nha tho hai ldng vdi eudc sdng thanh dam "tu cip hr tiic" chdn didn vien: "Tgc linh nhi dm, canh diin nhi thuc" (Dao iiy gidng ma udng, cay iiy mgng ma an). Thi nhan cdn vui thii thudng nguyet, ngim hoa, dgc sach, ngam tho dd di duong tam hdn:
Ddm thanh hdp nguyet nghieng chen, Ngay vang xem hoa bp cay.
(Ngon chi, 10)
Sdng gan gui vdi thdn dan, cimg chia se vdi cude sdng binh di cua ngudi dan la nguon thi hiing xuydn sudt trong nhidu sang tac cua Nguydn Trai. Ngudi dgc cam nhan duac su gin bd cung nhu tinh cam tha thidt ciia Uc Trai danh cho ddi sdng ciia raudn dan.
Trong tha Ndm ciia dng van thap thoang xuat hien hinh anh "May dua ngu tidu bau ban than" (Tu than, 32) hoac "Lao xao chp ca lang ngu phu" (Bao kinh cdnh giai, 43), cd khi that chan tmh ndng hau:
Miet ba, hai gai, khan cdc, Xuenh xoang lara md dua thdn nhan.
(Mgn thudt 1)
Ndu tho Ndm Nguydn Trai lam hidn ldn cuoc sdng binh di, mpc mac ciia lang qud Viet, thi tha Haiku cua Bashd ciing nhu mdt birc tranh vdi nhiing gam raau cd thuc ve cude sdng va con ngudi cua xii sd Phii Tang. Dd la nidm hiing khdi cua thi nhan trdn dudng tim tdi viing dit la, cd luc la nidm tran trd tren dudng ddi, cd khi la nhiing thao thuc vd cuoc sdng con ngudi... Tit ca tao ndn mgt biic tranh cuoc sdng da sac, sinh ddng.
Trdn hanh tnnh tun vd vdi cdi ngudn ciia cai dep, Bashd cam nhan duoc ve dep ciia ngudi dan lao ddng ciing nhu phat hidn ra nai khdi ngudn cua thi ca:
Nai bat dau thyc sir Clia thi ca - mgt vimg dong bac
nhimg bai ca trdng liia.
(Bai ea trdng lua) Hp gieo raa tren khap canh ddng va luc do tdi rdi khdi
cay lidu cua Saigyo.
(Rdi gdc lieu)
Chinh cuge sdng bmh di, cin lao ciia nhtmg ngudi dan qud da tao ndn nhung van tho mpc mac, sau ling. Bashd ling nghe va cam nhan ara thanh cua eudc sdng da sac raau, nha tho phat hidn ra su hda hpp giOa ara thanh cua thien nhidn va am thanh cua cupc sdng con ngudi:
Ngudi ban myc dng rao ldn Lan vdi tieng kdu
Con chim gay
(Tiing rao bdn muc)
Cupc sdng va con ngudi thdn que cdn dupe thd hidn tir buc chan dung tu hga cua thi nhan. Cung la cude sdng "Com an ching quan dua mudi/ Ao mac nai chi gara thdu"
(Nguydn Trai), Basho hai ldng vdi cupc sdng binh di, nang niu timg khoanh khac gan bo
i KHOA HQC T R U 6 N G BAI HQC HONG PlJC^jOj^Jgl^
vdi thien nhidn. Tho dng mang vd dep thuin khidt, thanh tinh, moi tir tho dupc chung cat ldn hi chinh cude sdng ddi thudng vdn sinh ddng va da sic:
Ddm thu lanh leo
Dpn bfta com tdi, chiing tdi ggt Ca tira vdi dua leo.
(Trong leu dn sT) Tdi se quet vudn
trudc khi ra dl - trong chiia la lidu rung rai.
(Quel vudn)
Tinh cam triu mdn, gin bd vdi the gidi binh di ciia cac nha tho la bidu hidn dac tmng cho tinh dan tpc thdi tmng dai. Cac thi nhan khdng chi phac hpa va dd lai cho hau thd nhirng khoanh khic luan chuyen bdn mua cua thidn nhidn ma cdn ggi lai cude song lao ddng va vd dep tam hdn cua tidn nhan.
Ciing nim trong vung van hda chir Han, moi thi nhan lai the hidn tinh nghia vdi thdn qud bing nhiing net dae s5c rieng. Cac nha nho Tmng Hoa thudng thd hidn chi khi ngao du son thuy, chu du nhidu noi trdn lanh thd rpng ldn. Trong khi do, tinh than vd sT dao ciia Nhat Ban eiing the hidn tu tudng du ngoan nhung gin gui hon vdi cuge sdng ngudi dan. Bashd da di chuydn nhidu noi trdn dit nudc Nhat dd duoc tan mat chirng kidn cupc song cua mgi giai tang trong xa hpi. Nha nho trung dai Viet Nam vua cd didm gap ga vdi cac thi nhan tmng dai trong vimg van hda chii Han vira thd hidn ban sac ridng cua tho ca dan tgc, Dd la su gan bd thidt tha sau nang vdi que huong ban quan, du lara quan hay vd d an, cac thi nhan van ludn hudng vd chdn qud vdi nhiing tinh cam than thuang, chan thanh nhat.
2.3. Phdt huy the thff dan toe
Qua trinh phat tridn cua ndn van hpc mdi dan tpc ddng thdi cung la qua trinh xay dung ndn van hgc viet bang tidng ndi dan tpc: "Mdi nen van hpc dan tpc cd he thdng thd loai truyen thdng, cd cac phuang tidn raidu ta, bidu hidn ridng, nhat la cd ngdn ngir dan tpc thd hidn ban sac ridng trong tu duy va tam hon dan tpc minh" [4; tr.290]. Mgt nha van dil sang tac d the loai nao, hg van phai sir dung mdt sd phuong dien bidu hidn quen thupc cua hinh thirc nghd thuat dan tpc, dac biet la cac chat lidu cua ddi sdng xa hdi va thidn nhidn ciia dan tgc minh. Do do, tinh dan tpc cdn dugc xem nhu la mgt phim chit cua tac gia van hgc. Nguydn Trai va Bashd ddu vidt vd de tai thdn qud, nhun" didu gdp phin lam nen sy khac bidt trong tho ciia hai thi nhan do chinh la su van dung thd tha dan tgc cua hai ndn van hgc.
Nguyen Trai Ididng chi la nha tho ma cdn la nha van hda ldn ciia van hpc Viet Nara thd ky XV, Qudc am thi tap la ragt dau radc cho sy phat tridn manh me ciia ngdn ngir dan tpc. Day khdng chi la tap tho dau tidn thanh cdng vd nghe thuat sii' dung chii Ndm ma cdn la tac phim tha Ndm Dudng luat dau tidn xuat hidn ve dep thdn qud binh di, dan da T '
TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRtfOWG BAl HOC H 6 N G BtfC - SO 46.2019
phjm la su chuyin bito, phat triin cua tho trung dai theo hming dan toe hoa van hpc.
Nguyln Trai la nguoi da tao nen diu mdc dJu tien cho su tr5i day manh me ciia van hoc bac hoc di sau va kham pha hien thuc cuoc s6ng, nhiing gia tri van hoa cua dan tpc. Tiip thu tit tho cha Han Duong Iuat cua van hoc Trung Hoa, Nguyin Trai da ghi am doc tiing Viet thi ki XV voi nhiing v t o tho quic am giau cam xuc. Dac biet, LTc Trai da sang tao ra thi tho thit ngon xen luc ngon tir chinh cau that ngon luat Duong. Chu giam trong can that ngon CO thi la mot trong cac chii thu nhat, thu ba, thu nam, thu sau. Trong do, chtr thtr bay va chii thtr hai trong can that ngon luon giii co dinh. Cach dimg thi tho that ngon xen luc ngon khien cho gipng dieu va tu tho phong phu hon, mang dac diem rieng ciia ngon ngii tha ca dan t5c. Tu ten dat, ten nguoi cho den nhiing canh vat hang ngay deu gpi len su than thirong, gan giii von ton tai hang nghin doi nay ciia thon que lang Viet.
Dong dieu vai Nguyen Trai, Basho la thi nhan da tao ra the tho Haiku co the dugc xem la tieng noi, tam hon Nhat Ban the ki XVII. Haiku bat nguon tir th8 tho truyen thing tanka (Doan ca). Haiku that ra la phan dau cua bai tanka. Tanka con gpi la waka {Hoa ca) tlJC la tho Clia nguoi Nhat Ban. Day la the tho ngSn nhat thi gioi boi m6i bai haiku, mac dil doi khi ta van thay co nhiing hinh thiic khac, nhung thudng chi co 17 am tiet trong 3 cau 5+7+5 (17 am tiet). Cam hiing tham mi thirong la de cao cai vang lang, u tich (sabi), don so, thanh tinh (suabi), u huyin, tham trim (yugen), mem mai (shiori). Ngon ngii tho haiku thuong mo ho, da nghia, gpi chii khong ta.
Niu nhu sau Nguyin Trai co su k i thiia manh me v i tho Nom nhu Nguyen Binh Khiem, H6 Xuan Huong, Nguyin Khuyin, Trin T i Xuong. . thi sau khi Basho mit, ong ciing co hang ngan mon de tiip n i i con duong ma ong da di, de Iai nhieu tuyet tac cho van hpc Nhat Ban. Diiu 46 cho thiy, nguin mach trong treo va lau bin nhit cua van hpc chinh la ve dep cua tam hon dan tpc. Nguyin Trai va Basho la hai thi nhan da ti cao ve dep tinh thin cua m i l dan tpc qua nhiing vin tho thon que binh di, m6c mac nhSt. Hon nua: "Mudn t i n tai ben canh nin van hoa ldn nhu van hoa Trung Quoc thi cac quic gia lang giing luon luon phai co y thirc d i cao van hoa dan tpc, khang dinh su doc lap vi van hiin nhu la cai g i c ciia nin dpc lap dan tpc" [2; tr.55]. Cac thi nhan Ion Clia Viet Nam va Nhat Ban co su gap go, ding dieu trong h i n tho va deu de cao the tho dam da ban sic mil dan tpc.
3. KET LUAN
M6i tac pham van hpc la tiing noi, tam h i n rieng cua ca nhan nha van, nhung dang sau mii nha van thucmg mang bong dang cua dan tpc, khong khi th&i dai ma hp trai qua.
Vay nen thih thin dan tpc cting thucmg hai hoa tinh ti trong tirng can chir, trong dong cam xiic cua nha van Tho thon que Nguyin Trai va Basho da luu Iai ve dep canh sac, con ngiroi Clia hai dan t6c thai trung dai. Va ciing chinh cupc song chan thuc, sinh dpng cua mii dan tpc da mang Iai cho tho ca cua dan tpc i y mpt ban sSc rieng dpc dao dupc giii gin va trayen lai cho hau thi.
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TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRtfdNG BAl HQC HONG BIJC^jgiH!!!?
TAI L E U THAM KHAO
[1] Nhat Chieu (2010), Vdn hoe Nhdt Bdn tit khdi thiiy din 1868, Tai ban Ian thil 5, Nxb. Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi.
[2] Doan Le Giang (1997), So sdnh quan niim vdn hgc Irong vdn hoc cd diin Viet Nam vd Nhdt Bdn, Tap chi Van hpc, (9), tr.53.
[3] Doan Le Giang (2003), Basho - Nguyin Trdi - Nguyin Du. nhUng hin tha dong diiu. Tap chi Van hpc, (6).
[4] Le Ba Han - Trin Dinh Su - Nguyin Khic Phi (Ding chu bien) (2000), Tir diin thugt ngii vdn hoc, Nxb. Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Npi.
[5] Biii Duy Tan (1999), Khdo vd ludn mot sd Idc gia - tde phdm vdn hge trung dgi.
tap 1, Nxb. Giap due, Ha Npi.
[6] Bui Duy Tan (2001), Khdo vd lugn mgt sd thi loal ldc gia - tde phdm vdn hoe trung dgi Viil Nam. tap 2, Nxb. Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, Ha Npi.
[7] La Nham Thin (1998), Tha Nom Budng lugt. Tai ban lin thii 1, Nxb. Giao due, Ha Npi.
ETHNICITY THROUGH NGUYEN TRAI AND BASHO'S COUNTRYSIDE POEMS
Le Thi Nuong ABSTRACT
Nguyen Trai and Basho are typical authors of two medieval literatures in East Asia.
Especially, the countryside poems by Ihe two poets express the unique beauty of Vietnamese and Japanese literature. Rustic, idyllic poems written about nature and people of the countryside not only interpret the deeply outlook on life, but also the pride and lave of Ihe poets' homeland Hidden behind Nguyen TraVs Nom (Chinese transcribed Vietnamese) and the Basho's Haiku poems is Ihe beauty and the soul of every nation.
Keywords: Countryside poelry, ethnicity, Nguyen Trai, Basho.
• Ngdy nop bdi: 7/10/2019: Ngdy gui phdn bien: 9/10/2019: Ngdy duyit ddng: 8/11/2019
* Bdi bdo ndy Id kit qud nghien ciru Iir de Idi cdp ca sd md sd DT-2018-10 e' T ' Dgi hoc Hong Dice.
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