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NHANVAT-SI/KIENBUI BANG DOAN - TAM GI/0NG TIEU BIEU CUA MOT CHI SI YEU Nl/dC CHAN CHINH
• PGS, TS NGUYEN XUAN T R U N G Hoc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
• Torn tdt: Cu Bui Bdng Dodn Id mgt chi si yeu ntidc thiidng ddn sdu sdc, mdt nhd hoat dgng chinh tri noi tieng. Dii tren cUdngvt vd hodn cdnh ndo, khi cdn ldm quan cho trieu dinh Hue, cUngnhUkhi tham gia Chinhphu cdch mgng, cii BiiiBdngDodn ludn tdn tdm, tan liic, het minh vi quyin ldi cua ddn, cua ntidc, sdn sdngxd thdn vi nghia ldn. Cu Biii Bdng Dodn la mgt tdm giidng tieu bieu cua nhiing chi si di tii chu nghia yeu ntidc den vdi sii nghiep cdch mgng ve vang cua Ddng vd ddn tgc. Nhdn ky niem 120 nam ngdy sinh cu Biti Sdng Dodn, bdi viet khdc hga mpt vdi net ve nhd yeu ntidc ddng kinh.
• Tii khda: Bui Bdng Dodn.
1. Vi quan thanh liem, dire dg, thircmg dSn cua trieu dinh Hue
Chi si yeu nude Bui Bdng Dodn sinh nam 1889 trong mdt gia dinh nhd nho tai lang Lien Bat, huyen Ung Hda, tinh Ha Tay (nay la Ha Ndi).
Cha me mat sdm, Btii Bdng Dodn duac ngudi chii dugng Id Duang Lam (liic do lam Tham tri Nha Kinh luge Bdc Ky) dua ve nudi dudng va day hpc chu Han, dinh hudng cho con dudng thi cit lam quan theo tmygn thdng gia dmh.
Vdn thdng minh, ham hpc ngn eon dudng thi eu, quan Id eua Biii Bdng Doan kha thudn Igi.
Khoa thi Binh Ngp nam 1906, Biii Bdng Doan dd Cir nhdn. Nam 1907, Bui Bdng Doan thi vao tiirdngHduBdtaiHdNdi"'. Nam 1911, Biii Bang Dodn dugc xgp hang thii nhat khi ra trudng. Sau khi tdt nghiep, Biii Bdng Doan duge bd nhiem la tri huyen tap su tai Nam Dinh, sau do lam Tri
phu Xuan Trudng (tmh Nam dinh), An sat tinh Bdc Ninh; Tuan phii cae tinh Cao Bdng, Ninh Binh. Nam 1933, Btii Bang Doan lam Thugng thu Bd hinh (Tu phap), ddng thdi tham gia Vien Ca mat cua tridu dmh Hug.
Khi lam quan, cu Biii Bdng Doan ndi tigng la vi quan thanh liem, chinh true, thuang dan.
Bdng thdng bao "khdng nhan qua bieu" tren cdng dudng d nhiing noi Ong lam quan, dd thg bienrdrdngvgdiie "hem", "ehinh", "chi cdngvd tu" cua mdt bde nho si chdn chinh. Khdng chi am higu hpe thuat, cu Bui Bdng Doan cdn la ngudi sdu sdt thuc tign. ludn quan tam thuc hien cae bien phdp cu tiig nhdm cdi thien ddi sdng nhan dan. Khi lam Tri phu Xuan Trudng (Nam Dinh), Cu da dg xudt vd thirc hien viec ddp dg Bach Long ngan nude man, tao lap dugc mpt viing Ilia, ddu rdng ldn.
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Tinh edch cuong true, khdng khai, khdng sg uy quyen eua eg duge thd hign rd khi dugc mdi lam thdng ngdn cho phidn tda dai hinh cua thuc ddn Phap xir vu an Phan Bdi Chau. 6 phien tda, cu Bui Bdng Doan da thdng dieh rd rang, tmng thue nhiing ldi ndi, ly lg danh thep cua cu Phan Bdi Chau. Kgt qud la tda an thue ddn da khdng khdp dugc eu Phan vdo an chung thdn ma giam xudng hinh thirc "an tri d Hug".
Hodc nhu nam 1928, thgc hien nhiem vu eiia trigu dinh ve viec digu tra ede ddn dign cao su Phap dNam Bd, Cu da dgn tan noi, dieu tta mdt each thdu ddo, ttr dd vigt ban bdo eao bang tieng Phdp day 100 trang, ehi rd nhung digu bdt cdng, vd ly ttong chinh sach ddi vdi phu ddn dien. Ban kign nghi cua Cu tuy khdng dugc nha cam quygn Phap chap nhan, nhimg edng phan nao giam dugc su hd khde trong ehinh sdch eua thuc ddn Phdp ddi vdi nhiing phu ddn dien cao su thai do.
Am hieu ve luat phdp vd vdi mong mudn cai each phap luat nude nha theo hudng tien bd, nen khi lam Thugng thu Bd Hinh va Id thdnh vign Vien Ca mat, eu Biii Bdng Doan cd nhigu sang kidn eai each m phdp, ttong dd ed vide bai bo nhigu quy dinh khdng pbii hgp d cac tinh, dao cua Tmng Ky. Cu da chi dao va true tidp soan thao Luat Hinh su mdi, Quy tde td tung dan su vd hinh su, Ludt Dan su mdi... cua trigu dinh nha Nguygn. Cac luat nay ed mdt sd quy dinh kha tign bg, cai each boat ddng eae tda an vaxdy dung dpi ngd tham phan.
Sau khi Nhdt ddo ehinh Phap ngdy 9-3-1945, vua Bao Dai xudng chidu thanh lap Chinh phii.
Vdn chdn ghet eanh quan trudng trong thai budi loan lae, eu Bill Bdng Doan da tir chdi tham gia Chinh phii bu nhin, cdo quan vg que.
Tuy nhien, Chinh phii Nam trigu khdng chdp nhdn vd giao cho Cu giii chirc Chanh nhdt Tda
Thugng tham Ha Ndi liic nay dang khuygt (chirc vu nay tmdc day do ngudi Phdp giir).
2. Tan tyy, tich circ ddng gop xay drnig chinh quyen each mang
Sau Cach mang Thang Tam, Vua Bao Dai thoai vi, cu Bill Bdng Doan ttd vg qug. Quy trgng tai ndng, diic dp vd kinh nghiem eua cu Biii Bdng Doan, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da kign tri nhigu ldn viet tiiu tay, eu Bi thu Vu Dinh Huynh ve Ha Ddng dg trao thu rigng ciia Ngudi cho Cu. Biic thu Chu tich Hd Chi Muih gui cho eu Biii Bdng Dodn ngdy 17-11-1945 vigt:
"Thua Cu, tdi tdi diie it di ma ttach nbidm ndng ng. Thay Cu hpe van eao sign, kinh nghiem phong phii, vay ngn tdi mudn mdi Cu lam Cd vdn eho tdi, dd giup thgm y kien ttong cdng viec hung lpi trir hai eho nude nha ddn tde.
Cam on vd kinh chiic Cu manh khde.
Kinh thu - Hd Chi Minh"'^'.
Vdi tdm Idng ygu nude thuang dan sdu sdc vd cam ddng, mdn md tai dice cua Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh, cu Biii Bdng Dodn da nhan ldi tham gia xay dung ehinh quygn mdi. Vdi tdi nang, diic dp ciia minh, eu Bui Bdng Doan da dugc Chu tich Hd Chi Minh mdi dam nhiem nhieu edng viec quan ttong ciia qudc gia.
Trong phien hpp ciia Chinh phu ngay 14-11- 1945, Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh dg nghi tiianh lap mdt Ban cd van ridng cho Chii tich gdm 10 vi, ttong dd ed cu Biii Bdng Doan,
Ngdy 23-11-1945, Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh ky Sde lenh sd 64 thanh lap Ban Thanh tta dac biet.
Digu 2 Sde lenh quy dinh Ban Thanh tra cd toan quyen "dinh chiie, bdt giam bdt cii nhan vidn nao ttong iiy ban nhan dan hay cua Chinh phu da pham loi trudc khi mang ra Hdi ddng Chinh phii hay tda dn dae bigt xet xii; tieh bidn hoae nidm phong nhirng tang vat va dung mpi edch digu tra de lap mpt hd sa mang mpt pham nhan
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NHAN VAT-sir KIENra tda dn ddc biet". Sdc Ignh ttgn la van kign mang ttnh phdp ly ve edng tae thanh tra eung nhu cdng viee xet xii eua tda an. Ban Sde lenh nay la ca sd phap ly eho boat ddng cua Ban Thanh tta, ddng thdi dat ngn mdng dau tidn eho viee xdy dung he thdng ludt phap vg thanh tta.
Vdi chire nang, quyen ban rat ldn cua Ban Thanh tra, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh rat edn nhdc lira ehgn ngudi diing dau eo quan quyen luc cao ciia Chinh phii. Ngudi ebon Biii Bdng Dodn - mdt ngirdi am higu vg ludt phap, vd "la vi quan cd tieng liem khigt ciia ttieu dinh cii"'^'. Su lua chpn ay the hien tam nhin ciia Hd Chi Minh ttong viec su dung nhdn tai cho edng cudc kign thigt dat nude.
Ngay 4-8-1947, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ky Sde lenh cit ddng ehi Tdn Due Thang ldm Thanh tta Dae biet toan qudc. Gitia thdng 12-1949, Hdi ddng Chinh phu ra quyet dinh giai thg Ban Thanh tta dac biet vd thanh lap Ban Thanh tta Chinh phu'*'. Tuy thdi gian hoat ddng khdng dai, nhung Ban Thanh tta Dac bidt dudi su lanh dao cua cu Bill Bdng Doan da ttign khai va giai quyet nhigu van de quan trpng, mang lai uy tin cho Dang, Chinh phu, su tin tudng cua nhan dan vao chinh quyen each mang. Trong phign hop ttr ngdy 14 dgn ngdy 16-6-1949, Hdi dong Chinh phu da ddnh gia: "Ban Thanh tta dac biet da lam ttdn vai ttd lich sii, da cd nhiing ddng gdp to ldn, kip thdi vdo cdng cupc xdy dung, cimg ed vd bao ve ehinh quygn cdch mang"'^'.
Cudi nam 1946, tai ky hop thii hai cua Qudc hdi khda I, cu Bui Bdng Doan da duge bau lam Tnrdng ban Tbudng true Qudc hdi. Trong thdi gian giir ehiic Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hgi (ttr thang 11-1946 ddn thdng 9-1955), eu da dugc Ban Thudng true Qude hpi uy nhiem dben canh Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh va Chinh phii de gdp y kien vdi Chinh phu ttong mpi cdng tae khang
Chi sTyeu nude Bui Bdng Dodn _ Anh: TL
chign. Tren euong vi mdi, cu Bui Bdng Doan da ed nhigu boat ddng vd cdng hign quan ttgng ddi vdi Qudc hpi, xiing dang vdi su iiy thdc eua todn ddn giao eho Cu ttong thdi diem quan ttgng ciia lich sit dan tdc.
Cu Btii Bdng Doan ludn de cao tir tudng dai doan kgt de ddng vidn cdc lire lirgng tham gia khang chien, qua dd khdng dinh vai ttd eiia Qude hdi ttong viec dai dien cho y chi ciia toan ddn, cho tinh than dodn kgt todn dan tde. Cu da ed nhiing hanh ddng cu thd dg huy ddng luc lupng, siie ngudi, sire eua cho cudc khdng chign.
Trong thu giii ddng bao cdc dan tdc tiiigu sd tinh Ldo Cai nam 1947, cu Biii Bdng Doan viet: "Tdi mong eae dng keu ggi con em vd ddn chung dudi quyen eac dng tiiet de tham gia vdo eude khang chien. Hai muoi nham trieu ddng bao ta eiing
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chung Td qudc, eung ehung giang san, ciing chung van menh, eude khdng ehien nay la cdt hao toan van menh ciia chung ta, chiing ta ed giii dugc chii quyen, cd bao vg dugc hoan toan Idnh thd cua nude ta thi mdi giii dugc van menh cua dan tgc ta"'"'.
Vdi vai ttd la ngirdi dirng dau co quan dai bigu cao nhat ciia nhdn dan, cu Biii Bang Doan da tich cue dau tranh phan bac nhirng luan dieu xuyen tac cua thuc dan Phap va be lu tay sai vg tinh hgp hign, hpp phdp ciia Chinh phu hen hiep khang chidn do Chu tich Hd Chi Minh dling dau. Trd ldi phdng van Bao Dpc Lap, Biii Bdng Doan da khdng dinh: Diing vdo dia vi ttong Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi, tdi xin ndi rdng qude ddn ta chi cd mdt Chinh phii la Chinh phu Hd Chi Mmh do Qude ddn edng nhdn tai ky hpp thdng 11-1946. Dling vao dia vi trong Hdi Lien hi^p qude ddn Viet Nam, tdi xin ndi rdng HSi ta gdm cd cdc tang lap ddn chting, bat cii ttai hay gai, luong hay gido, gia hay tre, giau hay ngheo, dan da sd hay dan thieu sd, ai ndy dgu mgt Idng ling hd Chinh phu dg tranh thii cho dupe ngn ddc lap va thdng nhat chdn chinh.
Dong thai, Cu eung khdng dinh, bdt ky mdt nhdm ngudi nao lap ra mdt chmh dang hay mdt mat ttan "Lidn hiep qudc gia" nao, dii cd hanh dgng gi cung hoan todn that bai, bdi chinh quygn do ehi dai dien cho mdt nhdm Igi ich hoac giai cdp tham danh Igi, muu do ddc lap gid ddi, khdng dai dien cho quygn Igi ehinh ddng cua da sd quan chiing lao ddng. Ddng thdi, cu Bill Bdng Doan cOng diit khoat td rd thai do, lap trudng chinh tri ciia minh, ludn dung ve dan, vi quyen Igi ciia dan ma hanh ddng. Ngay 28-3- 1947, khi trd ldi cdu hdi ve nhirng ldi tuygn bd cua cd van Vinh Thuy (Bao Dai) ddi vdi viec nhd cdm quyen Phap d Ddng Duong dang cd lap Chinh phu than Phdp va ed y mdi Cu tham
chinh cho Chinh phii ndy. Cu Bid Bdng Dodn da da diit khodt khang dmh: Ngdi ed van Vinh Thuy dugc dai dien Phdp van ddng diing ra lap Chinh phii, nhung vdi tdi, "chi khi nao cu Hd Chi Minh yeu cdu tdi ve cam chinh quyen thi tdi mdi ve, vi ehi cd cu Hd Chi Minh la tidu bigu Idng dan Viet Nam ma thdi"'^.
Vdi vai ttd la ngudi diing ddu Qudc hdi, eu Bid Bang Doan da ludn sdt eanh ben canh Chinh phii de giai thich va lam cho qudn chiing nhan dan thgm tin tudng vd hieu rd ve dudng ldi ddi ndi cung nhu ehinh saeh ngoai giao vdi thuc dan Phdp trong giai doan dd. Cu khang dmh:
"Chi ed Chinh phu Hd Chi Minh da duge Qudc hdi tin nhiem, hay la ngudi dai dien ehinh thire do Chinh phii cir ra, mdi cd quygn dam phan vdi Phdp, ma dam phdn mdi cd gid tti, vi theo phap ly, ehl cd Chinh phu ay la cd quygn dai dien qudc dan ta"'^'.
Cudi nam 1948, eu Btii Bang Doan lam benh nang phai ve chira benh d viing tu do Lien khu III, rdi Lien khu IV. Mpi cdng viec digu hanh Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi dugc giao lai cho ddng chi Tdn Dice Thdng - Phd trudng Ban Thudng true. Tuy nghi duong benh, nhung Cu van theo ddi tinh hinh qudc te vd trong nude, thudng xuyen gin thu tham hdi Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh, Chinh phii, Ban Tbudng true Qudc, vidt bdi dang bao ddng vien qudn dan tin mdng vao thdng Igi eua cudc khdng ehien tmdng ky ciia dan tde.
Do tudi eao, benh lai ngay edng ttam trgng, mac dii da dugc cac bde si tan tinh ciru chiia, nhung ngay 13-4-1955, Trudng ban Thudng true Qude hdi Bid Bdng Dodn da ttr ttdn. Ngay sau do, ngdy 14-4-1955, Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh da ky Sac Idnh sd 224-SL tiny tang Hudn chuong Ddc lap hang Nhat cho Bui Bang Doan, nguygn Trudng ban Thudng tiiic Qude hdi khda I.
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NHANVAT-SI/KIENNgay 15-9-1955. ttong didn van khai mac Ky hpp thu ndm, Qude hdi khda 1, Quygn Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi Tdn Dire Thang khi ndi ve eu Btii Bdng Doan, da cd ldi thuang tide Cu nhu sau: Tat ca chiing ta hgt siic tiee nhd eu Biii Bdng Doan, dai bieu tinh Ha Ddng vd Truang Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi da ta the ngdy 13-4-1955. Trong may nam lam benh nang, Cu van ludn cd gdng gdp phdn vdo cdng viec ciia Qudc hpi. vdo cdng cudc khdng chign cua toan dan dg gianh doe lap vd thdng nhat cho nude nhd. Cu da ldm ttdn nhiem vu eua ngudi dai bieu nhan dan eho tdi phut eudi ciing...
Nhu vdy, tir Thugng thu Bd Hinh Nam trigu, chuyen lo viee xir an, ndi tigng thanh liem, ehinh true, vdi tam Idng ygu nude thuong ddn sdu sdc vd cam phuc tdi diic eua Chu tich Hd Chi Mmh, Bid Bdng Doan da vuot qua nhiing dinh kign eiia thdi cudc dg tham gia chinh quyen each mang, dem hgt siic lue, tai nang phung su ddn tde. Su chuyen bien ttong tu tirdng eiia Cu Bid Bang Doan la su chuygn bien ttr chu nghia ygu nude tmygn thdng sang chu nghia yeu nude each mang. Ca eude ddi dii khi lam quan, hay sau nay khi tham gia vd dam nhiem cac chiie vu quan ttong cua chinh quyen each mang, Cu hodn toan khdng di theo con dudng "vinh thdn, phi gia", ma la vi Cu mudn lam viec dao giiip dan, ciiu nude. Cu Bin Bdng Doan chinh la mdt tdm guong tigu bieu cua mdt chi si yeu nude chan chinh, hgt Idng phung su Td qudc vd phuc vu nhan dan •
(1) Theo tai Ueu luu tni: Trudng duac thanh lap ngay 20-6-1903 theo nghi dinh cua Thdng sir Bdc Ky de tap cho cac sT lir nha Nguygn da thi dd cu nhan nhung cdn dpi bd nhiem vao chirc ngach.
Nhtmg ngudi do tii tai ciing cac dm sinh cung cd thg ghi danh nhap hgc neu xong dugc Idp du bi va qua dugc dgt tiii khao bach. Trong tiidi gian ba nam d trudng Hau bd. hp hpc tiigm tigng Phap cung mgt sd kign thiic ve phep cai tri, do dac de ling dung khi vao nhiem sd. Tnrdc khi hgt khda thi lai thi mgt ky nua, ai diem cao thi bd lam tri huyen, thap thi Iam giao thu v.v, hang that vd bat pham.
(2) Kho tir lieu Bao tang Hd Chi Minh, sd BTHCM- TL201.
(3) Cu Huy Can: Ky niem Ban Thanh tra diu tien ciia Nhi nuoc ta va nghi ve cong tac thanh Ua hien nay, ttong cudn sach Bic Hd voi Thanh tra, Nxb Thdng ke. Ha Ndi, 1991, tt.9.
(4) Ngay 18-12-1949. Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ky Sdc lenh sd 138b-SL lap Ban Thanh tta Chinh phii true thudc Phu Thu tudng, trong do c6 ndi dung bai bo Sac lenh sd 64 ngay 23-11-1945 lap Ban Thanh tra dae biet va dat Ban Thanh tra Chinh phu do ddng chi Hd Tung Mau lam Tdng Thanh tra.
(5) Chuang trinh suu tam tai lieu, vigt tieu sir cac ddng chi lanh dao tign bdi ciia Dang va each mgng Viet Nam: Hd Tiing Mau - Tiiu su, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Ndi, 2016. tt.l27.
(6) Van kien Quoc hdi: Toan tap, t.l, "Cdng van sd 86/QH-Ban Thudng true cua Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hoi ngiy 9-4-1947 gdi cac ong lanh tu din toe thieu sd tinh Lao Cai", Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNpi, 2006, tr.l36.
(7) Tai lieu cua Trung tam Luu trtr qude gia III, in trong "Bien nien su kien Uch sir Mat trgn dan tpc thdng nhat Vigt Nam". 1.1, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia • Su tiiat. Ha N6i, 2004, tt.545.
(8) Van kien Qudc hpi; Toin t£ip, t.l "LOT Ban Thudng true Qudchqi keu goi Quoc dan, ngay 28- 5-1947". Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Ngi, 2006, tr.l44.
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