Cong tac phat trien thanh nien trong giai doan hien nay
Nguyen Huy Phong
' Hoc vif n Chi'nh tri Qudc gia HO Chi Minh Email: [email protected]
Nhan ngay 22 thdng 3 nam 2019. Chdp nhan ding ngay 26 thang 4 ndm 2019.
Tom tat; Vdi vai tro la rudng cpt, chii nhan tuong lai ciia dat nudc, thanh nien co vj tri diic biet quan trong trong sy nghiep xay dimg va bao ve To quoc. Trai qua 88 nam thanh lap, to chuc Doan va cong tac thanh nien da co nhihig budc phat trien, ngay cang trudng thanh. Ion manh, xung dang la dpi dy bi tin cay, la canh tay phai dac luc cua Dang, cung cac giai tang khac thyc hien thang lpi sy nghiep dau tranh giai phdng dan tpc, kien thiet nudc nha. Tuy nhien, trong boi canh hien nay, cong tac phdt trien thanh nien dirng trudc nhieu ca hpi thuan Ipi nhimg ciing khong it nhihig thach thuc can phai vupt qua.
Tu-khoa: Phdt trien, thanh nien, t l chuc doan.
Phan loai nganh: Chinh tri hpc
Abstract: As a pillar and the future owner of the country, young people have a particularly unportant position in tbe cause of national construction and defense. Over the past 88 years since its establishment, the Youth Union has made steady steps of development with its work on the youth, deserving to be the trusted reserves and the strong right arm of the Party, joining other strata in successfully carrying out the cause of national liberation struggle and the building of the country.
However, in the current context, the work on the development of young people, though having various opportunities, is facing many challenges to be overcome.
Keywords: Development, youth, youth union organisations.
Subject classification: Politics
1. Mff dau Clia ting ldp thanh nien, the he se lam nen mua xuan, tuang lai dan tpc. Ngudi timg Sinh thdi, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh ludn dl khing dinh, mpt nam khdi dau tir m&a cao vai trd tien phong, guang mlu di dau xuin. Mdt ddi khdi diu tu tudi tre. Tudi tre
Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam. so 10 - 2019 la mua xuan ciia xa hdi. Thanh nien la ngudi chu tuang lai ciia nudc nha. Nudc nha thinh hay suy, yeu hay manh mdt phan ldn la do cac thanb nien. Vdi linh chat la luc lupng hiing hau, chiem sd ddng trong xa hpi, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh sdm nhan thay nhimg due tinh tdt, nhirng pham chat uu viet cua tang ldp thanh nien. Buc thu dau tien Ngudi viet cho thanh nien vao nam 1925 bang tieng Phap, dupc in kem trong 2 trang cudi ciia tac pham Bdn dn chi do thuc ddn Phdp rdi chuyen ve Viet Nam bang con dudng bi mat. Trong thu, Ngudi ban nhieu van de ve tmh hinh qudc te, tinh canh cua nhan dan An Nam, am muu va thii doan tham ddc ciia thuc dan Phap, tir do keu gpi thanh nien phai sdm giac ngd tinh than each mang, phat huy tinh than yeu nudc, thay dupc ndi thdng khd ciia ban than va ddng loai de tap hop, nhat te dung len gianh lai quyen sdng, quyen tir do va muu cau hanh phiic. Ngudi viet: "Hdi Ddng Ducmg dang thuang hai! Ngudi se chet mat neu dam thanh nien sdm gia cdi cua Ngudi khdng sdm hdi sinh" [ 1, t.2, tr. 144].
De tap hop, phat huy sue manh, tinh tbSn tudi tre, Ngudi de xuat can phai thanh lap mdt td chiic thanh nien cpng san de giao due, giac ngp, ren luyen ban ITnh, y cbi chien dau, hien dang tudi thanh xuan cbo each mang. Sau mpt thdi gian van ddng, ngay 26-3-1931, Thanh nien Cpng san Doan ra ddi, danh dau budc ngoat quan trpng trong td chuc, tap hop luc lupng cho each mang, tao chuyen bien tich cue trong ddi sing xa hdi. Tir day, thanh nien Viet Nam cd ca hdi dupc diing trong bang ngil Doan, dupc to chuc Dang, Doan ren luyen, tilp them sue manh de thuc hien dupc udc ma, hoai bao, cd dieu kien cong hien nhieu ban cho dat nudc.
Ban ve cdng tac thanh niSn, Chii tich Ho Chi Minh cho ring: Thanh nien la "lire lugng ndng cdt de xay dung xa hpi mcfi , ' i a ngudi tiep sue each mang cho the he thanh nien gia, ddng thdi la ngudi dlu dat thi he thanh nien tuong lai" [3]. Trong dieu kien hoan canh chiln tranh, Ngudi keu gpi thanh nien phai phat huy ban nira tinh than, trach nhiem cua tudi tre, cd nhieu ddng gdp vao sir nghiep chung cua each mang. Ngudi nhan manh: "Thanh nien la mdt bp phan quan trpng cua dan tpc. Dan tpc bi nd le thi thanh nien ciing bi no le. Dan tpc duac giai phdng, thanb nien mdi dugc tu do. Vi vay thanh nien phai hang bai tham gia cupc dau tranh cua dan tpc" [1, t.9, tr.l78]. Dat niem tin vao sue manh cua thanh nien, Bac coi thanh nien la ngudi than trong gia dinh minh, su mat mat cua thanh nien trong cupc khang chien gianh dpc lap dan tpc la ndi dau trong ca the Bac.
Dudi su diu dat, day bao ciia Ngudi ciing nhu su cham lo, r^n luyen ciia td chiic Dang, Doan, nhirng the he thanh nien Viet Nam da khdng quan ngai gian khd, sin sang xa than, hy sinh vi nen dpc lap, tu do cua dan tpc va hanh phiic ciia nhan dan. Trong nhiing dgt hanh quan, trong nhimg tran danh ldn, luc lugng thanh nien ludn d nhiing tuyen dau, sEn sang hiln dang tuli thanh xuan cho sy trudng ton ciia Td qudc vdi tinh than "Cam tii cho To quylt quyet sinh". Hinh anh nhiing tSm guong tudi tre anh hung (nhu Ly Tu Trpng, Vo Thi Sau, Tran Van On, Nguyln Van Trdi, Nguyln Van Cir, Cii Chi'nh Lan, Vir A Dinh, Nguyln Vilt^Xuan, Td VTnh Dien, Be Vari • Dan, Kim Ddng...) da vilt len nhing trang su dep, hao hung ciia dan tpc.
Khi dit nude gianh dupc quyin tu chii.
tinh than thanh nien vdi mau xanh tuli t
Nguyen Huy Phong khong quan ngai gian kho, san sang den
nhirng vung mien con nhieu Idio khan de to dep them cho cuoc dcfi. NhSn gui thanh nien trong tinh hlnh moi, tai hoi nghi chuyen dh sinh vien quoc th hpp tai Viet Nam (01-09-1961), Chu tich H8 Chf Minh chi ro: "Thai dai nay la thoi dai ve vang ctta thanh nien. Ma thanh nien phai la nhiing doi xung phong tren cac mat tran chinh tri, kinh tS, khoa hoc, ky thuat. Thanh nien da thtrc hien nhimg diSu m o uoc cila loai nguoi ttt bao the ky", "Khong co viec gi kho/ Chi so long khong ben/ Dao niii va ISp bien/ Quyet chi it lara nen" [1, t . l 3 , tr.l88].
TiSp thu tu tuong cua Nguoi, Dang ta trong nhiSu van kien, chi thi, nghi quyet chuyen de luon nhan manh den tam quan trpng cua Ihanh nien trong su nghiep xay dung, bao ve T6 qu5c. Nghi quySt Hpi nghi lan thil tu, Ban Chap hanh Trung uong khoa v n neu ro: su nghiep doi moi co thanh c6ng hay khong, dat nuoc buoc vao the ky XXI co vi tri xiing dang trong cpng d6ng the gicri hay khong, each mang Viet Nam CO virng buoc theo con duong xa hpi chu nghia hay khong phin 1cm tuy thupc vao luc lupng thanh nien. Tiep do, Nghi quySt Hpi nghi ISn thii bay Ban Chap hanh Trang uong khoa X vl Tang cuang su lanh 3ao cita dang dSi vai cong tac thanh nien trong thai ky d&y mgnh cong nghiep hoa Itien dai hoa, da khJng dinh: "Thanh nien la nrong cpt cua nuoc nha, chil nhan tuong lai cua dit nuoc, la luc lupng xung kich trong xay dtmg va bao ve To quoc, mpt trong nhirng nhan to quylt dinh su thanh bai cua sir nghiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuoc, hpi nhap quoc te va xay dung chu nghia xahpi" [4].
Trai qua 88 nam trudng thanh va phat trien, luc lup^ig thanh nien ngay cang duoc
cung CO, tang cuong, co nhieu dong gop vao su phat trien chung ciia dat nuoc. 0 bat ky dau, tren ITnh vuc nao, thanh nien luon lit luc lupng xung kfch, di dau vol tinh than
"Dau can thanh nien co, dau kho co thanh nien". Bang su chu dpng, ttr tin, dam duong dau voi kho khan, thir thach, nhimg loi noi, viec lam ciia the he tre da tao nen hinh anh dep ve con nguoi Viet Nam vol niem tin va khat vpng viio tuong lai tuai sang. Biii viet nay phan tich nhirng thiinh tuu va nhiing thach thiic dat ra trong cong tac phat trien thanh nien, rir do dua ra nhimg giai phap nhim phat triSn cong tac thanh nien trong giai doan hien nay.
2. Thanh tmi trong cong tac phat trien thanh nien
Liia tu6i thanh men (tir 16-30 tuoi) la giai doan dep nhit ciia dai nguoi vol su sung man vh siic khoe, tai nang, long nhiet huyet, dara mc voi khat vpng Ion. Day ciing la giai doan danh diu nhirng buac chuyin bien quan trpng cua raSi ca nhan. Vi the viec tao nan tang, thip sang ly tuong, hoai bao va hinh thanh muc tieu cao dep se co y nghia quan trpng, quySt dinh ihn tuong lai, van menh cua thanh nien sau nay.
So vol cac giai ting khac trong xa hpi, thanh nien chiam s6 litong tuong doi lan,_ la ngu5n luc lao dpng d6i dao, phan anh tiem luc, siic tre c i a quoc gia, din tpc. Hien nay thanh nian Viet Nam co tran 23,6 trieu nguai (chiem 25,2% dan s6), thiiu nian nhi d6ng (til 6-15 m6i) CO 12 trieu nguoi (chiim 12,9% dan s6). T6ng s5 hon 6,4 trieu doan vien tham gia sinh hoat tai cac co so doan duoc kien toan va t3 chirc chat che tir Trung uong toi dia phucmg. Ben canh to
Khoa hgc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 10 - 2019 chiic Doan la he thdng Hdi cung dugc thanh lap nham phat huy tdi da the manh cua tang ldp thanh nien tri thurc dang hpc tap, sinh boat, nghien ciiru khoa hpc tai cac ca sd dao tao, cac doanh nghiep, tdng cdng ty. Hien nay, Hpi Lien hiep Thanh nien Viet Nam cd 63 td chiic hdi cap tinh, 4 td chiic bdi cua cac tap doan, tdng cdng ty, 3 Hpi Thanh nien, sinh vien d nudc ngoai (Nhat Ban, Rumani, Cdng hda Sec) vdi tren 9,9 trieu hdi viSn. Hpi Sinh vien Viet Nam hien cd 27 hdi sinh vien cap tinh, 46 hdi sinh vien cap trudng true thudc Trung uang, 8 Hpi Sinh vien Viet Nam d nudc ngoai (Han Qudc, Phap, Ha Lan, Diic, Bi, Hunggari, Anh, Thai Lan) vdi hon 1,3 trieu hpi vien. Hdi Doanh nhan tre Viet Nam cd 63 hpi doanh nhan tre cap tinh va 4 nganh kinh te vdi gan 9.000 hdi vien. Hdi Thay thudc tre Viet Nam cd 60 td chuc hdi cap tinh vdi hon 80.000 hpi vien. Ty le tap hpp thanh nien dat tren 53%. Vdi td chiic Doan, Hdi dupc kien toan, td chiic chat che cung nhu'ng boat ddng huu icb, thiet thuc la mdi trudng tdt de thanh nien cd co hpi hpc tap, ren luyen, bdi dudng, trao ddi chuyen mdn nghiep vu, nang cao ban ITnb chi'nh tri, ctmg hop tac, ehia se de cd nhiing cdng hien cho dat nuac.
Trong nhung nam qua, Dang, Nha nudc va cac cap chinh quyen cd nhieu banh dpng thiet thuc, khdng ngiing dau tu ve tai luc, nhan luc, vat Iuc, tao mpi dieu kien thuan lgi de phat huy tinh than sang tao, khdi nghiep cua thanh nien. Dae biet vdi tinh than ehu ddng, sang tao, cdng tac Doan, Hpi nhirng nam qua da ludn ddng hanh ciing thanh nien trong lap than, lap nghiep, vi ngay mai tuang sang. Thdng qua cac dot sinh boat, hpc tap chuyen de lam theo tu tudng dao dire, phong each Hd Chf Minh;
cac eudc van ddng, cac chuang trinh ciia
cae cap Doan, Hdi da kip tbdi phat hien, tdn vinh nhirng tam guong dien hinh trong viec hpc tap, lam theo Bac, gdp phan bdi dap ly tudng, tinh thftn each mang, xay dung dao diic, ldi sdng lanh manh, trong sang cbo thanh nien. Nbd dd, trong 10 nam qua, "cd ban 1 trieu lugt ca nhan diln hinh tien tien lam theo ldi Bac dugc tuyfin duong;
$hn 10.000 doan xa, phudng, thi tr^n trien khai, gidp da ban 62.800 thanb, thilu nien cham tien" [2].
Cdng tac hd trg kinh phi, dau tu tai luc cbo thanh nien hpc tap, nghi6n cuu khoa hpc, ung dung cdng nghe trong lao dpng san xuat ciing cd nhirng hieu ung tich cue.
Nhieu td chuc Doan trong eac trudng dai hpe, cac cdng ty, doanh nghiep da binh thanh nhung quy hpc bdng (nhu Quy Vu A Dinh, Quy Nguyen Thai Binh, Quy Hd trg va Phat trien sinh vien Viet Nam, Quy Mobifone - Vi tuang lai Viet, Nhat nghe tinh, Canon Chap canh nbSn tai, Hpc bdng Osla...) nham thap sang udc m o va khat vpng chinh phuc nhihig dinh cao ciia thanh nien. Trong 10 nam qua, cd gin 1.400.000 lugt hpc sinh, sinh vien dupc cap hgc bdng vdi tdng gia tri tren 1.511 ty ddng. Cdng tac hd trg thanh nien vay vdn phat triln kinh tl, theo bao cao ciia Trung uang Doan TNCS Hd Chi Minh, hien nay "du ng ciia Doan thdng qua Chuang trinh iiy thac vdi Ngan bang Chinh sach xa hdi dat 23.267 ty ddng, vdi 9 chuong trinh cbo vay danh cho 890.000 hd gia dinh. Ben canh do, ting ngudn vdn ma Trung uong Doan dilu hanh va quan ly la khoang 75,23 ty ding, vdi 977 du an. Trong 6 thang dSu nam 2018 tu ngudn vdn tren da tao viec lam mdi cho 3.018 lao dpng" [2]. Cung vdi dd la cac chuang trinh hd trg dao tao nghi cho thanh nieii ndng thon cua cae cap Doan da md ra nhieu CO hdi viec lam mdi cho thanh nien d
Nguyen Huy Phdng nhftng viing miln cdn nhieu khd khan. V l
ket qua cu the khi thuc hien De an Ddo tgo nghi cho lao dgng nong thon den ndm 2020, Tmng uong Doan da giao cac trung tam dich vu viec lam cho thanh nien trien khai t l chiirc 33 ldp dao tao nghe cho 2.310 thanh nien. Sau dao tao, ty le thanh nien cd viec lam dat tren 86,3%.
Nham phat huy tinh than sang tao cua thanh nien, nhieu chuong trinh, de an ve dao tao, phat huy tai nang tre da ra ddi, nhat Ik trong bdi canh cupc each mang edng nghiep 4.0, md ra nhiing co hpi thuan lgi de thanh nien iing dung nhirng thanh tuu khoa hoc ky thuat trong san xuat, kinh doanh, thiJC dhy su phat trien nen kinh te dat nudc.
Vdi muc tieu thip sang udc mo tudi tre, trong giai doan 2012-2017, "Quy Hd trg tai nang tre Viet Nam da chi gan 15 ty ddng cho cac boat dpng td chiic, trao giai thudng va hd trp cac tai nang tre. Ciing vdi do, he thdng CO sd du lieu tai nang tre Viet Nam (csdi.tainangviet.vn) da dugc nang cap, van hanh vdi hon 5.000 hd so tai nang tre dupc he thdng doan phat hien, tdn vinh va gan 300 ho so tai nang tre dupe ngoai he thdng doan phat hien, tdn vinh" [2],
Dupc vi la canh tay phai dac luc cua Dang, cdng tac giao due, bdi dudng ly tudng each mang cho doan vien thanh nien luon dupc cac td chiic Doan, Hdi quan tam, chii trpng. Thdng qua cac chuong trinh mang tinh thuc tiln (nhu phong trao thanh nien tinh nguyen, hien mau ciiru ngudi, tiep sue miia thi, khi tdi 18, hpc sinh 3 ren luyen, sinh vien 5 tot, Thanh nien khdi nghiep...) da giiip nhilu thanh ni6n trudng thanh, trd thanh nhirng can bd doan guang mau, khcri day dugc sue manh, niem tin trong cpng ddng, bd sung ngudn can bd, dang vien ke can cho td chuc Dang. Theo
bao cao cua Tmng uang Doan [2], trong nhiem ky Dai hpi Doan toan quic lln thii X (2012-2017) cd 11.963 can bd doan dupc luan chuyen, bd tri cdng tac khac, 961 can bp doan dugc luan ehuyen trong he thdng.
Cdng tae phat trien dang trong thanh nien duoc cac cap bd doan chii trpng. Trong 10 nam (2008-2018), Doan da gidi thieu cho Dang 2.184.913 doan vien uu tii, trong dd cd 1.207.210 doan vien uu tii dupc ket nap Dang, chiem 55,25% tdng sd doan vien uu tli dupc gidi thieu. Ben canh dd, Doan da gidi thieu can bd cd chat lupng de tao ngudn can bd tre cho cap iiy dang, chinh quyen. Ty le can bd doan tbam gia cap uy dang nhiem ky 2015-2020, tbam gia Qudc hdi khda XIV va Hdi ddng nhSn dan cac d p nhiem ky 2016-2021 eao, vdi 11.380 can bd doan trung cii vao cap uy dang cung cap, 9.888 can bp doan tning cu dai bieu Q u i c hdi khda XIV va dai bieu Hpi ddng nhan dan cac cap.
Trong nhiing nam qua, cdng tac phat triln thanh niSn ed nhieu khdi sac vdi nhiing phong trao, chuang trinh hanh ddng eu thi, ed y nghia ddi vdi cdng ddng, lan tda yeu thuang, san sinh nhung gia tri mdi, tao ddng luc, niem tin de ciing cd su doan kit, thiic d4y sur phat trien cua qufi huong, d4t nudc. Tuy nhiSn, trong bdi canh, tmh hinh phiic tap hien nay, cdng tac phat trien thanb nien ciing dung trudc nhieu thach thiic, do nhiing ban che trong nhan thiic, hanh ddng ciia chinh chii Ihl thanh nien.
3. Thach thirc cdng tac trong phat trien thanh nien
Thir nhdt, sir phai nhat Iy tudng, dao ddng nilm tin, giam siit y chi phin dau, xa rdi tdn
tChoa hpc xa hpi Viel Nam, so 10 - 2019 cbi, muc tieu hanh ddng, phucmg cham sdng tdt dep va nhiing gia tri nhan van, chan - thien - my ciia mdt bd phan ldn thanb nien. Nhieu boat ddng, phong trao doan d mpt sd nai, mdt sd ca quan don vi mang nang tinb binh tbiic, thieu thuc chat, kbdng tao duoc siic bap dan, khdng thu hiit dupc sy tham gia nhiet tinh ctia ddng dao thanh nien. Trong bai phat bieu tai Dai hpi dai bieu toan qudc Doan Thanh nien Cpng san Hd Chi Minh lan thu XI, nhiem ky 2017-2022, Tong Bi thu Nguyln Phu Trpng da chi rd "mdt bd phan thanb nien giam siit niem tin, phai nhat ly tudng each mang, sdng thuc dung, xa rdi truyen thdng van boa tdt dep ciia dan tpc; tham chi cd mdt sd it thanb nien bi cac the luc xau, thti dich tae ddng, ldi keo, kich dpng, da cd nhtmg viec lam di ngupc lai ban chat, truyen thdng ve vang Clia Doan va trai vdi muc tieu, ly tudng each mang cua Dang va dan tpc", ma mdt trong nhimg nguyen nhan dSn din tinh trang dd la "cdng tac giao due cua Doan tuy rdng nhung chua sau, rapt sd boat dpng con nang ve "be ndi", dan trai, hinh thuc. Mdt sd phong trao mdi chi thu hiit doan vien tich cue, thanh nien tien tien tham gia, ket qua tbieu tfnh ben viing. Chat lupng td chuc doan CO sd tren dia ban dan cu, nbat la d khu vuc nong thdn, khu cdng nghiep cdn yeu. Mpt bp phan can bp doan chua bit nhip kip thdi vdi nhirng thay ddi nbanh chdng trong nhan thuc, ddi sdng ciia thanh nien" [5].
Thir hai, lech lac trong ldi sdng. Vdi ban tfnh ndng ndi, tam If hieu thang, ndng vdi, nhieu thanh nien thfch a dua vdi nhiing trao luu, ldi sdng khac la dupe lan truyen, phd bien tren intemet va mang xa hdi. Trong khi dd mang xa hdi la con dao hai ludi, ben canh nhimg ddng tin chinh thdng thi hang
ngay, hang gid cac the Iuc thii dich, phan ddng khdng ngimg tuyen truyen, phd bien nhimg san phara phan van hda, nhiing thdng lin sai lech, nhiJng tu tudng thii dich.
Ciing vdi dd la cac trang web cd ndi dung thilu lanh manh, cd vii cho trao luru sex, bao luc, sdng thu vdi mudn van chieu trd mdi du, ldi keo, hd hao thanh nien thara gia.
Do chua dugc trang bi nhiing kiln thiic co ban ve an toan thdng tin, ky nang xiir ly tinh hudng khien nhieu ban tre trd thanh nhiing tin do Clia nhUng trang web den, nhiing trd choi dien Hi, sd de, ca dp, nhieu thanh nien dupe "tdi luyen" trd thanh dng trura, la thanh vien tieh cyc ciia dudng day mua ban, van chuyen, tang trii ma tiiy, mai dam, de lai nhiing hau qua ldn cho ban than, gia dinh va xa hdi. Theo mpt khao sat ciia Vien Kiem sat Nhan dan tdi cao, trung binh mdi nam cd 10.000 vu pham phap hinh sy do ngudi vi thanh nien thurc hien. Dilu dang lo ngai la tinh trang ngudi pham tdi cd xu budng ngay cang tre hda. Ngudi pham tdi tu 18-30 tudi chilm khoang 70%. Trong vu danh bac nghin ty qua mang internet do Phan Sao Nam va Nguyln Van Duong t l chuc cd gan 43 trieu tai khoan tham gia, phan ddng la thanh thilu nien, gay nhung tdn that nang n l ve tinh thin, tiln bac cho ca nhan, gia dinh va xa hdi. Vu 7 thanh niSn tir nan trong 16 hdi am nhac t l chiic tai cdng vien nudc Hd Tay (dem ngay 16-9-2018) do cd lien quan din viec sii dung bdng cudi va cac chit kich thfch, giong len hdi chudng ve ldi sdng budng tha, sa vao an chai, truy lac Clia mpt bd phan gidi tre.
Thu ba, tinh trang suy thoai vl tu tudng dao diie Clia thanh nien cd nhiing diln bilri phiic tap. Thay vi tu ehi, lap thin lap nghiep, xa than cdng hiln thi nhilu thanh men lai cd siiy cho ldi sdng thuc dung d l
Nguyen Huy Phong cao chu nghia ca nhan, cha dap len lpi ich
cua tap thi, cpng d6ng. Nhirng nam gan day, noi com len trong dai song thanh nien hpc duang la loi song thii tnroc hon nhan, su dS dai trong quan he tinh due. Do thieu kiin thiic va hon nhan, gia dinh, each bao ve va cham soc siic khoe sinh san, dan den nhttng he luy, tin thuang vi siic khoe, tinh thSn, ddy len nhung lo ngai ve tucmg lai giai tre. Theo s6 lieu tir mpt cupc khao sat gk day (thuc hien theo phucmg phap chpn mlu tai mpt s6 truang 6 npi thanh va ngoai thanh Ha Npi) cho thiy: "Co tai 40% so hpc sinh timg quan he tinh due. Tfnh den hit lop 9, khoang 10% si hpc sinh tiing quan he tinh due, va tinh den hit lop 12 thi con so nay ian toi 39%; dang chu ^, co toi 10% s6 hpc sinh THPT dupc khao sat cho biit, da tirng quan he voi ttr ba nguai tro len". Vi qua di dai trong chuyen tinh cam, dh cao due vpng ca nhan, thiiu nhiing hiau biit ve phcng tranh thai din din hau qua
"niu nam 2016, ca nuac co 265.536 ca nao pha thai thi din nam 2017, con s6 nay la gin 300.000 ca, dua Viet Nam tro thanh mpt trong nam quflc gia co ty le nao pha thai cao nhit tha gioi va la quoc gia co ty le nao pha thai tu6i vi thanh nien cao nhat khu vuc Dong Nam A. Chi riang tai Benh vien Phu san Trung uang, trung binh mfli ngay CO khoang 40-50 ca nao pha thai, mpt nam khoang 5.000 ca, trong do s6 ca tuoi vj thanh nien chiim 18 den 20%" [6J.
Khong chi vay, vi can tian va de thoa man nhtmg nhu c4u, thu vui ciia ban than, nhieu thanh nien sSn sang tham gia duang day mai dSm, ma tuy, bo be viec hpc hanh, huy hoai tuong lai, nhan each. Theo Bao cao cua Uy ban cac van de xa hpi cua Quoc hpi cho biet hien nay a nuac ta uac tfnh co khoang hon 15.000 ngucri ban dim. Theo
ket qua nghian ciru ciia To chiic Lao dflng Quoc ta (ILO) uac tfnh sfl luang nguofi ban dam o Viet Nara hien nay la 101.272 nguoi. Theo danh gia ciia Bp Lao dpng Thucmg binh va Xa hpi, hien tupng hpc sinh, sinh vien tham gia mai dam chiem 2%
trong sfl vu viec vi pham te nan mai dam.
Day la moi lo ngai, can phai cd nhimg bien phap phong ngira, ngan chan.
Thii tu, trong bfli canh raa ciia, hpi nhap, nhieu thanh nien do thiau lap truong tu tuong, ham lai, chay theo danh vi, dflng tien da bi cac tha luc xau du dfl, 161 keo, tham gia vao cac phong trao biau tinh, gay rfli, dap pha tru sof co quan cong quyen, gay mit trat tu an ninh, anh huong nghiem trpng din su binh yan cupc song. Trong khi do cong tac Doan, Hpi 6f nhieu nai, nhiiu dcm vi chua di vao thuc chat, chua co nhirng hoat dflng, phong trao cu tha de giao due, ren luyen thanh nien, chua trang bi tot cho thanh niin nhihig ky nang song can thiit di ling pho, bao ve minh vii dflng loai truoc nhirng tac nhJn xiu va nhiing cam dfl vat chat tir ban ngoai.
4. Giai phap day manh cong tac phat trien thanh nien trong giai doan hien nay
Thii nhdt, cin quan triet nghiam tuc chti truang, duang lii, quan diem cua Dang, chfnh sach ciia Nha nucrc ve cflng tac thanh nien, nhu Nghi quyit sfl 25-NQ/TW cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uang Dang khoa X (2008) vhTang cucmg su lanh dgo ciia Bang ddi vai cong tac thanh nien thai iy diy manh CNH, HBH, Men dgi hoa; Chi thi so 42-CT/TW, ngay 24 thang 3 nam 2015 Clia Ban Bf thu ve Tang cuang su lanh dgo cua Bang ddi vai cong tac gido
Khoa hoc xa hpi Viet Nam, so 10 - 2019 due ly tu&ng cdch mgng, dao dire, loi song vdn hda eho thi hi tre giai dogn 2015- 2030; cae de an, chien lupc phat trien thanb nien nhu Chien luge phdt trien thanh niin Viet Nam giai dogn 2011-2020 (ban hanh nam 2011), De an Bdo tgo, boi duang cdn bg Boan Thanh niin Cgng sdn Ho Chi Minh giai dogn 2015-2020 (dugc Chfnh phu phe duyet nam 2014); Lugt Thanh niin (nam 2005), trong do can khSng dinh vai trd, tSm quan trpng ciia thanh nien trong cdng cupc xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc.
Xac dinh ro muc tieu, nhiem vu phat trien cdng tac thanh nien la nham xay dung the he thanh nien Viet Nam phat trien toan dien, giau long yeu nudc, cd dao diic each mang, y thiic cdng dan va ly tudng xa hdi chii nghTa; cd trinh dp hpc van, nghe nghiep va viec lam; cd van hda, siic khde, ky nang sdng va y chf vuon len; xung kfch, sang tao lam chu khoa bpc, cdng nghe lien tien; hinh thanh ngudn nhan lyc tre cd chat lupng eao dap ung yeu cau thdi ky day manh CNH, HDH va hdi nhap qudc te. Phat huy vai tro, trach nhiem ciia thanh nien trong sy nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qudc. Ben eanh dd cdn thuc hien tdt nhimg ldi can dan eua Chii tieh Hd Chf Minh ve thanh nien va cdng tac thanh nien: "Dang can phai cham lo giao due dao diic each mang cho hp, dao tao hp thanh nhiing ngudi thira ke xay dyng cbii ngbia xa hdi vura "hdng" vira "chuyen" [1, t.l5, tr.622i, de hp dap ung tdt yeu cdu ciia cdng cupc xay dyng, bao ve Td qudc hien nay.
Thu hai, cae cap cac nganh, cac td chiic Doan, Hdi can tao ra khdng gian, mdi trudng sdng lanh manh, nhSn van, tao siic hiit, siic ldi cudn ddi vdi ddng dao thanh nien. Tang cudng giao due v l ly tudng, dao due each mang, hinh thanh ldi sdng dep cho
thanh nien. Ddng thdi b l i d i p tinh yeu que huong dit nudc; khat khao sang tao, cdng hiln ciing nhu dinh hudng nghe nghiep cho thanh nien sao cho phii hgp vdi sd trudng, nang lyc cua tung ca nhan. Tao sgi day ket ndi bin chat giila td chiic Doan, Hdi vdi gia dinh, nha trudng, cac td chiic chfnh tri - xa hdi, doanh nghiep trong viec giao due, ren luyen nang lyc, phim chdt. Trao nhiing eo hdi tdt d l thanh nien phat trien. Ngan chan, day lui va cd nhiing hmh thiic xur phat nghiera rainh nhung hanh vi, ldi sdng lech chuan, vi phara chuan rayc dao diic va luat phap xa hdi. Ddng thdi, ed nhiing hanh ddng cu the de giiip do, cam hda nhiing tam hdn "sa nga, lam dudng".
Thu ba, dau tu ve nhan lye, tai lye de cdng tac Doan, Hdi vung manh ve mat td chirc. Xay dung nhiing thiet che van hda danh cho thanh nien (nhu nha van hda, eau lae bd, nhiing khu vui choi giai tri, ren luyen the due the thao danh rieng cho thanh nien) nham khdng ngirng nang cao ddi sdng tinh than, the ehat dS thanh nien thda siie sang tao, thyc hien duge udc mo, hoai bao.
Tang eudng bd sung, huy dpng ngudn tai trg cho cac quy hd trg tai nang tre, quy hd trg thanh nien khdi nghiep. M d rdng khdng gian, mdi trudng k i t ndi, trao ddi gifta thanh nien cae viing mien, cac ITnh vyc nham phat huy tinh thfin, sue manh ciia dpi ngu thanh nien.
Thir tu, trong bdi canh cude each mang cdng nghiep ISn thii tu vdi nhimg uu thi vupt trdi v l cdng nghe, phin mim, tri tue nhan tao, ddi hdi mdi thanh niSn Viet Nam phai nd lyc hpe tap, khdng ngung trai nghiep, kham pha. Nang cao kS^ nang van hanh edng nghe, kha nang giao tilp bang tieng Anh, lien ket vdi cac td chiic, nhdm
Nguyln Huy Phong thanh nien ctia cac nuoc tifln tien da trao
dii, hpc tap, nim bit co hpi, vach ra cho minh con duang va chSn trai sang tao moi, gop phin thiic day su phat trien cua dit nuoc.
Thii nam, cong tac Doan, Hoi a cac cac cip, cac tinh thanh, vung mifln can co nhihig hoat dpng thiit thuc, cu thi, tao dugc hlnh anh, diu in va niim tin tuang tuyet dii di thanh nien co tha trao dfli, chia se, noi len tam tu nguyen vpng, de xuat nhimg giai phap, sang kiin trong phat trien kinh li - xa hpi o dia phuang. Cin tao ra nhiing sSn choi lanh manh, bfl fch; cac phong trao van hoa, van nghe thiet thuc, co f nghia, huong vh trayin thing, gin giir ban sac dan tpc trong boi canh hpi nhap toan cau. Thuc hien tot tinh than neu gucmg, tao nhiing khu vuon uom di nhimg "hat giflng tot" (thanh nien) ngay cang truflfng thanh, ldn manh, co nhiiu dong gop vao su nghiep xay dung va bao ve Tfl quoc trong giai doan hien nay.
5. Ket luan
Cham lo, dau tu, phat triin thanh nien la nhiera vu xuyen suit, lau dai cua ca he thing chfnh tri nhim tao ra nhtmg "the he vimg" se ganh vac trpng trach, sti menh phat triin dit nuoc trong hien tai va tuong lai. Mac dti trong nhiing nam qua, cong tac phat triin thanh nian dat dupc nhieu thanh tira nhung ciing dang dfli dien voi khflng
ft kho khan, thach thiic. De cong tac phat trian thanh nien khflng ngimg lan manh, can khoi day manh me truyen thflng lich sir cua dat nuac anh himg, khat vpng cflng hifln, tinh than neu guong, xung kfch cilng y thiic trach nhiem 1cm lao vai To quflc, non song ciia raoi doan vian thanh nian, de cung vol cac tang lop khac trong xa hpi xay dung dit nuac ta "dang hoang hon, to dep hon"
nhu Icri Nguai timg can dan.
Tai lieu tham khao
[3]
[4]
[51
H6 Cht Minli (2011), Todn lap, Nxb Chfnh Iri quoc gia, H i Noi.
Le Qu6c Phong (2018), "Doin Thanh niSn Cong san H6 Chi Minh voi 10 nSm thuc hien Nghi quy^t s6 2 5 - N Q n ^ cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uong Dang khoa X v6 cfing t5c thanh nien", Tap cht Cong sdn, s6 12.
Le v a n Ri (2011), "Tu tucmg Ho Chl Minh ve thanh nien vii cong t5c thanh nien". Tap chi Xdy dimg Ddng. s6 10.
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