TRIET HOC, S 6 6 (349), THANG 6 - 2020
NGHI QUYET XII COA DANG VA THLfC T I I N CUOC S O N I L»'-|i!»;
VE M 6 I QUAN H E GIITA D O I Mon, ON DENH
VA PHAT TRIEN Of VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Nguygn Thi Nga^'
*•*' Pho giao su, tien sT, Hoc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh.
Email: [email protected] Hoang Thu Trang'***
'"' Tien sT, Hpc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh.
Nhan ngay 5 thang 4 nam 2020. ChSp nhan dang ngay 25 thang 5 nam 2020.
Tom tat: Trong su6t hon 30 nam tien hanh cong cuoc doi moi toan dien dat nuac, moi quan he giiJa doi mai, on dinh va phat trien luon la mot trong nhimg moi quan he Ion, trgng tam ma Dang ta chu dgng, tap trung nhan thiic va giai quyet. Trong viec nhan thiic va giai quyet quan he giua d6i mat, 6n dinh va phat trien a nucfc ta hien nay, ben canh nhimg thanh tim con dat ra mgt so vSn d6 ciin ti8p tuc dugc xii ly mot each kip thai, hi6u qua. Bai vigt nay tap trung phan tich nhirng vSu d6 dat ra trong nhan thiic va giai quyet m6i quan he giiia doi mod, on dinh va phat triSn a nuac ta hien nay, tii do dua ra mgt so phuang huong de tiep tuc nhan thiic va giai quyet tot han moi quan he nay trong tinh hinh mai.
Tir khoa: D6i mai, 6n dinh, phat tnen, m6i quan he Ion.
Bat ky mot he thong xa hpi nao neu khong doi moi tat yeu se roi vao tri tre, ma tri tre CO nghTa la khong phat trien va thut lui, tham chi roi vao suy thoai. Khi da tri tre, suy thoai thi cung khong the noi den su on dinh dugc. Do do, muon phat trien thi phai doi mdi, co doi moi thi moi co phat trien, khong doi moi thi khong phat trien.
Doi moi cang dung dan, cang phii hgp vai quy luat khach quan, cang mang lai nhieu
lgi ich hon cho quan chiing nhan dan thi xa hgi cang phat trien manh me; ngugc lai, nSu d6i mdi xuat phat tu y muon chu quan, di ngugc vai quy luat se kim ham, te hai han se keo lui su phat trien ciia xa hgi. Tuy nhien, muon doi mdi de di den phat trien thi phai l i y 6n dinh la dieu kien. Dien dat theo mot each khac, phat triln phai dua tren diSu kien tien quyet la on dinh va bang phuang thuc doi mdi. Nhm mgt each t6ng
the, on dinh va doi mdi la nhung di^u kien can thiet de phat tri6n; d6n lugt minh. nha CO phat triin mdi giii vung dugc 6n dinh tich cue, thuc chSt, vung ch4c va tao digu kien dk tilp tuc tiln hanh qua trinh d6i mdi . Doi moi, on dinh va phat triln la mot the thing nhdt co mii quan he bien chiing vdi nhau.
1. Qua trinh phat tri^n nhan thu-c cua Dang ta ve moi quan he giira ddi mdi, bn dinh va phat triin
Tu khi doi mdi den nay, nhan thiic cua Dang ve moi quan he nay ngay cang tra nen sang ro. Dai hgi VI, Dang ta chua neu ra cu the moi quan he giiia doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien nhu mgt quan he ldm nhung tren thyc te, Dai hgi VI da nhan thiic va dat ra nhiem vu giai quyet tot quan he nay. Bao cao Chinh tri ciia Ban Chap hanh Trung uang Dang Cgng san Viet Nam tai Dai hgi VI da xac dinh: "Trong nhung nam con lai cua chang duong dau tien, phai thyc hien nhung bien phap co hieu qua de nhanh chong on dinh tinh hmh kinh te - xa hgi, dua mgi mat vao quy dao phat trien binh thudfng"^, "On dinh va phat trien gan lien vdi nhau trong qua trinh van dgng tien len, on dinh de phat trien va co phat trien mai on dinh dugc"^.
Tren ca sa nhimg thanh cong buac dau cua duong lii doi moi dugc de ra 6 Dai hgi VI, tai Dai hgi VII, Dang ta tilp tuc dua ra nhan thiic diing dan ve myc tieu cua dli mdi do la: "Doi mdi khong phai la thay dli muc tieu ciia xa hgi chii nghia ma lam cho muc tieu ay dugc thuc hien co ket
qua bang nhiing quan niem diing dan ve chu nghia xa hgi, bing nhiing hinh thiic, buac di va bien phap thich hgp' • E>ang ta dl ra duong lii dli mai khong nham mgt muc dich nao khac ngoai viec hien thuc hoa thanh cong nhiing muc tieu cua chii nghia xa hgi, phat triln d4t nuoc, on dinh xa hgi va mang lai cho nguai dan cugc sing thyc sy ty do 4m no va hanh phuc.
Ciing bdi thi ma yeu cau ciia doi mai kinh tl dugc Dang xac dinh trong Dai hgi VII la; "Tap trung siic lam tot doi mdi kinh te, dap ling nhirng doi hoi cap bach ciia nhan dan ve ddi song, viec lam va cac nhu cau xa hgi khac, xay dyng co so vat chat - ky thuat cua chii nghia xa hgi, coi do la dieu kien quan trgng de tien hanh thuan lgi doi moi trong ITnh vyc chinh tri"^
Tiep noi tinh than cCia cac Dai hgi truac, mgt trong nhirng bai hgc kinh nghiem dugc Dang nit ra sau 20 nam tien hanh cong cugc doi mdi dat nuoc tai Dai hgi X la: "Doi mai toan dien, dong bg, co ke thua, co buoc di, hinh thuc va each lam
Xem: Tran Thanh, Le Thi Thanh Ha (2017), Bifn chung ciia cdc moi quan he ca bdn trong qua trink ddi m&i a Vift Nam, Nxb Ly Iuan chinh trj, Ha Noi, tr.9-14.
^ Dang Cpng san Vift Nam (1987), Vdn kifn Dgi hgi dai bieu todn quoc ldn thu VI, Nxb Sir thjit. Ha Npi, tr.42.
^ Dang Cgng san Vi?t Nam (1987), Vdn kien Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn quoc ldn thu VI, Nxb Sij th^t, H^
Npi, tT.43.
" Dang COng san Vi?t Nam (1991),Ka« kifn Dgi hgi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thu VII, Nxb Sir that H a N o i , tr.53.
^ Dang Cgng san Vi?; Nam (1991), Vdn kifn Dgi hgi dai bieu loan qudc ldn thu VII, Nxb Su that HaNpi,tr.54.
NGUYEN THI NGA, HOANG THU TRANG phu hgp. Phai doi mcd tu nhan thiic, tu
duy din ho^t dgng thyc tiSn; tu kinh tl, chinh tri, van hoa, doi ngoai den tSt ca cac ITnh vyc ciia ddi song xa hgi; tii hoat dgng lanh dao ciia Dang, quan ly cua nha nudfc din hoat dgng cu the trong tung bg phan ciia he thing chinh tri. Doi mai tat ca cac mat cua ddi song xa hgi nhung phai co trgng tam, trgng diem, co nhung buoc di thich hgp; bao dam sy gan ket chat che va ding bg giiia ba nhiem vu: phat trien kinh tl la trung tam, xay dyng Dang la then chit va phat trien van hoa - nen tang tinh thin ciia xa hgi"^. Tai Dai hgi X, trong van ki?n dii Dang ta chua de cap tryc dien den vi?c nhan thiic va giai quyet moi quan he giiia doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien, tuy nhien, quan diem tai Dai hoi X van hoan toan nhat quan vdi tinh than dugc de ra tir Dai hgi VI khi Dang xac dinh doi mdi, ve thyc chat, chinh la de on dinh va phat trien dat nuoc'. Tai Dai hgi XI, lan dau tien Dang ta chinh thuc xac dinh cu the 8 moi quan he Ion can phai dac biet chu trgng, nam vung va giai quyet tot trong qua trinh xay dyng va phat trien dat nude theo dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghTa. Moi quan he dau dien dugc Dang de cap den trong 8 mdi quan h? nay chinh la quan he giua doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien. Den Dai hgi XII, Dang ta tiep tuc xac dinh moi quan he giiia doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien la mgt trong 9 moi quan he Idfn can dugc nhan thiic va giai quyet diing. Tinh than nay tiep tuc dugc de cap den trong dy thao cac van kien trinh Dai hgi XIII ciia Dang.
Nhu vay, c6 the th4y, trong suit thdi ky doi moi, thong qua cac van kien ldn cua Dang, Dang ta luon xac dinh rang, dli mdi chinh la phuang thiic dl phat triln dit nude tren co sd cua In dinh. Do do, dli mdi phai hudng tdi viec thyc hien nhiing muc tieu ciia chit nghia xa hgi de tao ra sy phat trien ben viing, sy dn dinh tich eye nham cai thien va khong ngung nang cao ddi sing vat chat va ddi sing tinh th^n cho nhan dan. Qua trinh dli mdi d Viet Nam chinh la dieu kien cho su phat triln ciia dat nude va sy on dinh cua xa hgi; dat nude phat trien, xa hgi on dinh lai trd thanh co sd de chiing ta tiep tuc thyc hi?n dudng loi doi mdi nham hudng tdi cac muc tieu phat trien ben viing dya tren nen tang la sy on dinh, nhat la on dinh ve chinh tri.
2. Mot so van d§ dat ra trong nhan thu-c va giai quyet moi quan he giira doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien a nud^c ta hifn nay
Giai quyet tot moi quan he giua doi mdi, on dinh va phat trien la mgt trong nhirng ca sd dat dugc nhiing thanh tyu to ldn trong sy nghiep xay dyng va bao ve T6 quIc. Thyc tl Viet Nam cho thay, tir 1986 din 1996, sau 10 nam dhu dli mdi,
* Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2006), Van hen Dgi hoi dgt bieu loan qudc ldn thir X, Nxb Chinh tri Qu6c gia. Ha Npi, tr.70-71.
' Xem. Trin Van Phong, Ddng la nhdn thiic va gidi quvet moi quan he giira ddi m&i, dn dinh vd phdt trien, theo http://tuyengiao.vn/dua-nghi-quyel-cua- dang-vao-cuoc-song/dang-la-nhan-thuc-va-giai- quyet-moi-quan-he-giua-doi-moi-on-dinh-va-phal- trien-121760, ngzyl-6-20\9.
nude ta da thoat khoi khiing hoang kinh tl - xa hgi; dac biet, tir giua thap ky 90 da tao dugc tiln de cho cong nghiep hda, hien dai hoa dat nude. Giai doan 10 nam rilp theo tir 1996 din 2006, nude ta da chu dgng, tich eye hgi nhap kinh tl quIc tl, trd thanh thanh vien ciia To chiic Thuang mai The gidi (WTO) va hien da ra khdi tinh trang kem phat trien, dang nd lyc hudng tdi phat trien nhanh va bin viing.
Tai Dai hgi XII, Dang ta da khang dinh nhiing thanh qua quan trgng ma chiing ta dat dugc sau 30 nam tien hanh cong cugc doi mdi dat nude, do la: Nen kinh te vugt qua nhieu khd khan, thach thiic, quy mo va tiem luc dugc nang len; kinh te vT mo CO ban on dinh; lam phat dugc kiem soat.
Chinh tri-xa hgi on dinh; quoc phdng, an ninh dugc tang cudng, giir viing hoa binh, on dinh. Quan he ddi ngoai, hgi nhap quoc te ngay cang sau, rgng, hieu qua. Vi the, uy tin ciia nude ta tiep tuc dugc nang cao.
Dan chu xa hgi chii nghTa va siic manh dai doan ket toan dan tgc tiep tuc dugc phat huy...^
Mac du da dat dugc nhiing thanh tyu dang ghi nhan, song trong viec nhan thiic va giai quyet moi quan he giiia doi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien cung dang dat ra khong it nhiing van de can tiep tuc dugc xir ly hieu qua han, cu the:
Thic nhdt, qua trinh doi mdi muon dat dugc hieu qua cao, trd thanh dieu kien cho sy phat trien dat nude va on dinh xa hgi thi can phai dugc tien hanh ding bg tren tat ca cac mat. cac ITnh vyc vdi nhiing
hinh thirc va budc di phu hgp. Tuy nhien, tren thyc tl, mac du qua trinh ddi nioi a nude ta dugc tiln hanh lien tuc nhung chua thyc sy dong bg, cd nhiing mat, nhiing ITnh vyc thilu kip thai, hieu qua nen kit qua thu dugc cdn nhilu han che.
Ddi mdi kinh tl mac dii thu dugc nhieu thanh tyu dang ghi nhan, song khong tranh khdi nhiing han chi, thilu sdt, nhat la trong nhiing v4n dl chuyin dich co cau kinh tl theo hudng day manh ty trgng cong nghiep, dich vu; xac dinh md hinh tang trudng kinh te dung dan, hoan thi^n the che kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghTa...
Ben canh do, ddi mdi chinh tri hien nay chua theo kip vdi ddi mdi kinh te the hi^n d nhiing diem bat cap: "Ddi mdi phuang thiic lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude, Mat tran To quoc va cac td chiic chinh tri xa hgi con cham...; phuang thiic lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi Nha nude co nhiing ngi dung cdn liing tung. Chua xac dinh ro ngi dung va phuang thuc cam quyen"^; "To chiic bg may ciia Dang va toan he thdng chinh tri cdn cong kenh, nhieu tdng nac;
chiic nang, nhiem vu d mgt sd td chuc con chdng cheo; hieu luc, hieu qua hoat dgng cua nhieu td chiic trong he thing chinh tri chua dap iing yeu cau, nhiem vu... Viec kien toan tl chiic, bg may cac ca quan, tl chiic nha nude, cac td chirc chinh tri - xa
^ Xem: Dang Cpng san Vi?t Nam (2016). Vdn kifn Dgi hgi dgi bieu loan quoclan thu XII, \ \ h Chinh tri QuIc gia. Ha Npi, tr. 14-15.
* bang Cpng san Vi?I Nam (2016), Sdd. ir,l97
NGUYEN THI NGA, HOANG THU TRANG hgi gin vdi tinh gian bien che, nang cao
chit lugng dpi ngii can bg, cdng chiic kit qua cdn thip"'"... Nhin chung, cdng cugc dli mdi cua chiing ta "chua ddng bg va toan dien"", doi mdi chinh tri chua theo kip vdi nhung bien doi kinh te - xa hgi.
Thyc te nay da can trd qua trinh ddi mdi kinh te, tham chi kim ham kinh te phat triln, qua do kim ham sy phat trien cua dat nude ndi chung va anh hudng den qua trinh dn dinh xa hgi. DSy ciing la van de tdn dang dat ra ddi vdi viec giai quyet mdi quan he giua ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien d nude ta nham dap img yeu cau cua thdi ky mdi.
Thu hai, qua trinh ddi mdi dung la da mang lai cho chiing ta nhung budc phat frien vugt bac ca ve kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi; tuy nhien, sy phat trien nay lai chua thyc sy ben vimg. Cu the: Ve kinh te, chua bao dam viec chia se eg hOi mgt each binh dang va tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho tat ca mgi ngudi dan thyc hien quyen sii dung hgp phap, hieu qua cac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien, cac ngudn lyc... cho cac hoat dgng sinh ke nham thyc hien muc tieu
"dan giau" - tao ra sy thinh vuong chung cho tat ca mgi ngudi, khong de ai bi bd lai phia sau. Ve vdn hda - xd hoi - con ngu&i, chua giai quyet dugc tinh trang chenh lech giau ngheo, vung mien; binh dang giua cac giai tang trong xa hdi, binh dang gidi chua thyc sy dugc dam bao; phat trien con ngudi theo chi sd HDI nham phat trien ben vung ddi song xa hgi ciia con ngudi va tai san sinh cac the he ngudi cdn nhieu
han che... Ve moi tru&ng, chua bao dam mdi trudng sdng cho con ngudi thyc sy trong sach vl khdng khi, nude, dit, khdng gian dia ly, canh quan tu nhien...
Ddi mdi ma khdng dam bao phat triln ben viing va mang lai sy dn dinh cho xa hdi thi dieu do ddng nghia vdi viec chiing ta da chua giai quyet tdt moi quan he giiia doi mdi, In dinh va phat triln. Do dd, day ciing la mgt trong nhiing van de dat ra trong viec xii ly moi quan he nay thdi gian tdi.
Thu ba, nhan thicc ciia chiing ta ve ngi ham cua timg pham tru ddi mdi, dn dinh, phat trien xet ca ve ban chat, ngi dung, hinh thuc the hien deu da co budc phat trien rat quan trgng, cd sy thay doi ve chat theo nhiing yeu cau mdi dat ra. Tuy nhien, thyc te hien nay cho thay, nhan thirc ve nhieu mat trong tiing pham tni nay dang chua theo kip vdi su phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, chua dap iing yeu cau phat trien nhanh va bin vung dat nude trong boi canh mdi. Chang han, nhan thiic ve ddi mdi hien nay khdng the chi dimg lai d viec tap trung vao qua trinh chuyen ddi md hinh kinh te ke hoach hda tap trung bao cip sang phat trien kinh te thi trudng, hgi nhap quIc tl chu yeu la md hinh phat triln theo chilu rgng nhu khi chiing ta bit tay vao cdng cudc ddi mdi dat nude.
Tuong ty nhu vay, vdi quan niem ve dn dinh thi hiiu dn dinh chii yeu chi tren
'" Dang Cpng san Viel Nam (2016), Sdd. tr. 193-194.
" Dang Cpng san Viet Nam (2016), 5^rf., n-.60
phuang dien chinh tri-xa hdi, dam bao ky cuong, trat tu xa hgi,... la chua dii, chua thich img vdi qua trinh ddi mdi...
Ban than viec nhan thuc va giai quyet quan he giiia ddi mdi. In dinh va phat trien nhieu khi cdn chua thyc sy gan vdi myc tieu phat trien chung cua ca nude va ciing chua dugc cu the hda trong tung cap, timg nganh, timg ITnh vyc vdi nhiing yeu cau khac nhau (ddi vdi tung cap, timg nganh, timg ITnh vuc vdi nhiing yeu cau khac nhau trong timg hoan canh lich sir cu the can phai xac dinh nSn iru tien giai quyet yeu td nao trudc trong ba yeu td doi mdi, dn dinh hay phat trien; trong tung yeu td thi nen uu tien giai quyet mat nao trudc, chang han trong ddi mdi thi yeu cau biic thiet dat ra hien nay la ddi mdi chinh tri phai theo kip ddi mdi kinh te... Tat nhien, sy uu tien nay ludn phai dat trong tdng the giai quyet hai hda quan he giiia ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien).
Do dd, van de dat ra d day la, chung ta can phai thay doi, phat trien nhan thiic ve ban than cac pham tni ddi mdi, dn dinh, phat trien ciing nhu each thiic giai quylt moi quan he giiia chiing theo nhirng yeu cau ma thyc tien mdi dang dat ra dl cd the xir ly tdt hon mdi quan he nay trong tinh hinh mdi.
Thu tu, su dn dinh, dac biet la dn dinh ve chinh tri trong nhiing nam qua da thyc sy tao tien de quan trgng cho qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, tren ca sd dd tilp tuc tien hanh qua trinh ddi mdi. Mac du vay, su on dinh nay van ham chiia
nhiing yeu td gay mat dn dinh, tao nhung xung dot xa hgi nhu phan hoa giau ngheo, mau thuan trong ngi bg nhan dan...
Dac biet, sy suy thoai vl tu tudng chmh tri, dao diic, ldi sdng cua mdt bd p h ^ khdng nhd can bd, dang vien vdi cac bieu hien quan lieu, xa rdi quin chiing, tham d, tham nhung, lang phi... da va dang trd thanh nguyen nhan dan din sy suy giam nilm tin ciia nhan dan vao Dang, vao che do. Dieu nay gay ra su mat on dinh ve chinh tri - xa hgi, la nguy co de dga tryc tiep sy tdn vong cua Dang, ciia che do ciing nhu can trd viec hien thyc hda dudng ldi ddi mdi ciia Dang de phat trien dat nude, dn dinh xa hgi.
Cd the noi, trong nhan thiic va giai quyet mdi quan he giiia ddi mdi, on dinh va phat trien cdn nhieu van de dat ra cho thay sy chua ddng bd trong nhan thiic va giai quyet mdi quan he nay. Dieu dd da gay ra nhung can trd ldn ddi vdi cdng cudc ddi mdi, lam cho qua trinh phat trien dat nude chua thyc sy nhanh, ben viing va dn dinh xa hdi chua thyc sy viing chac.
Thyc te dd ddi hdi can de xuat mgt so phuang hudng de nhan thiic va giai quyet tdt hon niia mdi quan he giiia dli mdi. In dinh va phat triln trong thdi gian tdi.
3. Mdt so giai phap
Mot Id, can phai nhan thirc sau sic dli mdi, In dinh va phat trien la ba ylu to cd quan he thdng nhat, chi phoi, anh hudng qua lai, lam tien dh cho nhau; trong dd, phat triln la myc tieu, dn dinh ia dilu kien quan trgng va bang phucmg phap dli mdi.
NGUYEN THI NGA, HOANG THU TRANG Do do, khi giai quylt quan he giiia ddi
mdi. In dinh va phat triln can phai tiln hanh tren ca sd coi ba yeu td nay la mgt thi thing nhit, nghTa la trong mdi quan he giiia ddi mdi vdi on dinh, phat trien d day cin phai dugc hieu la su phat trien ben viing. Bdi, neu phat trien d day khdng dugc hiiu theo nghTa phat trien bSn vung thi se khdng dam bao cho sy dn dinh va khdng tao ca sd cho viec ddi mdi mdt each hieu qua. Tren thuc te, rd rang ve mgi mat, thdi ky ddi mdi chiing ta da dat dugc nhiing budc phat triSn ldn...; tuy nhiSn, sy phdt triSn nay lai chua thyc su ben viing, the hien tren tat ca cac ITnh vyc tii kinh te, van hda - xa hdi va con ngudi den mdi trudng. Chinh sy phat trien khdng ben viing nay la nguyen nhan co ban tao ra nhiing bat dn ve kinh te, chinh tri, xa hdi d nude ta thdi gian qua va lam anh hudng nghiem trgng tdi ca sd cua viec ddi mdi. Vi vay, trong viec giai quyet mdi quan he giua ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien thi phat trien d day phai la su phat trien ben viing ve mgi mat, mgi ITnh vyc.
Vdi nhiing quan diem phat trien ben viing ciia Dang trong cac van kien trudc day va ca quan diem phat trien ben viing ciia Lien hgp qudc trong 15 nam tdi"
(2016-2030) (dugc khda hgp Dai hgi ddng Lien hgp qudc lan thii 70 (thdng qua ngay 25-9-2015), phat trien ben vimg cd the hieu d 3 khia canh: (1) phat trien ben viing vS kinh te; (2) phat trien ben viing ve xa hgi- con ngudi; (3) phat trien ben viing ve mdi trudng. Phdt trien ben vimg ve kinh te
Id tdng tru&ng nhanh vd an todn, chdt lupng. Tang trudng kinh tl phai la tang trudng cd hieu qua cao, khong chip nhan tang trudng bing mgi gia. Phat triln bin viing bao dam viec chia se ca hgi mgt each binh dang va tao dilu kien thuan lgi cho tit ca mgi ngudi.
Phdt trien ben vihig ve xd hpi - con ngu&i dugc danh gia bang cac tieu chi vl phat trien con ngudi (HDI), he sd binh dang thu nhap, cac chi tieu ve giao dye, y te, phuc lgi xa hdi, hudng thu van hda.
Ngoai ra, ben viing ve xa hgi la su bao dam ddi song xa hdi hai hda; c6 sy binh dang giiia cac giai tang trong xa hgi, binh dang gidi; miic do chenh lech giau ngheo khdng qua cao va cd xu hudng gan lai;
chenh lech ddi sdng giiia cac viing mien khdng ldn.
Phdt trien ben virng ve moi tru&ng la bao dam mdi trudng sdng cho con ngudi thyc sy trong sach. Phat trien ben viing ve mdi trudng ddi hdi chiing ta duy tri sy can bing giiia bao ve mdi trudng ty nhien vdi viec khai thac ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien phuc vu lgi ich con ngudi nham myc dich duy tri mire do khai thac nhung ngudn tai nguyen d mgt gidi han nhat dinh cho phep mdi trudng tiep tuc hd trg dieu kien sdng cho con ngudi va cac sinh vat sdng tren trai dat'^
'^ Xem; Pham Thi Thanh Binh, Phdt triin bin virng o Viet Nam: Tieu chi ddnh gid vd dinh huang phdt trien, theo http.//tapchitaichinh vn/nghien-cuu- trao-doi/lrao-doi-binii'luan/phat-trien-ben-vung' o-viet-nam-tieu-chi-danh-gia-va-dinh-huong-phat- lrien-113392.html, cap nhat ngay 12-10-2016.
Kinh nghiem cua nhilu nude tren thi gidi cho thay, kha nang phat triln nhanh va ben viing nen kinh te ciia mgt qudc gia, ke ca nhiing nen kinh te vdn rit ngheo tai nguyen thien nhien, la cd that. 6 Viet Nam, phat trien nhanh va bin vung trd thanh muc tieu sdng cdn, la chien luge quan trgng ciia Dang Cdng san va Nha nude Viet Nam.
Hai Id, cin cd nhiing nhan thiic mdi vl ba pham tni ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat triln ciing nhu mdi quan he giiia chimg, bdi ba pham tni nay ludn van ddng va biln dli theo khdng gian va thai gian.
Do dd, can nam bat dugc khuynh hudng van ddng, bien ddi, phat trien ciia ca ba yeu td ciing nhu mdi quan he giua chiing de de ra cac phuong an giai quyet cho phu hgp vdi xu the bien ddi va yeu cau cua thyc tien. Dieu do cung cd nghTa quan niem ve ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien hien nay can cd su bd sung, phat trien cho phu hgp vdi sy bien ddi ciia thyc tien. Cu the:
Quan niem ve doi m&i: Trudc day, ddi mdi chu yeu tap trung vao qua trinh
"cdi trdi", do bd dan cac ca che cii trong the che ke hoach hda tap trung, bao cap, tirng budc xay dyng the che, ca che thich ling vdi phat trien kinh te thi trudng va hdi nhap qudc te, nhung chu yeu la trong md hinh phat trien theo chieu rgng. Hien nay, khi dat nude dang budc vao giai doan phat trien mdi - giai doan phat trien theo chieu sau, day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda, ddi
hdi phai xay dyng nhiing tiln dl. nhimg dilu kien, nhiing thi chi, co che, ddng lyc phat triln mdi dl lam nln tang cho sy phat triln nhanh bin vung vdi nhirng muc tieu cao han. Chinh vi the, phai nang tim tu duy dl xay dung cho dugc mgt he quan dilm ddi mdi, dd la dli mdi chii yeu dua vao ngudn lyc con ngudi, vao khoa hgc - cdng nghe... phii hgp vdi yeu cau toan cau hda va hdi nhap qudc te.
Quan niem ve dn dinh: Vdi quan niem mdi ve ddi mdi nhu vay, tat yeu cung phai cd nhung quan niem mdi ve dn dinh. Can cd nhiing nhan thirc mdi ve dn dinh, dn dinh khdng chi chu yeu ve phuang dien chinh tri xa hgi, ve phuang dien phap ly, cac thiet che dam bao ky cuong xa hgi, ma cdn phai dam bao sy In dinh ddng bg, hint ca giiia chinh tri, kinh te va xa hdi; phai xay dyng dugc sy dn dinh tich eye, vung chac tren ca sd xac lap dugc niem tin cua ngudi dan vao sy lanh dao ciia Ddng va quan ly ciia Nha nude, niem tin vao nhung myc tieu phat trien dat nude, vao nhiing gia tri phat trien con ngudi - van hda - xa hdi, vao qua trinh dan chii hda xa hgi gan lien vdi nang cao trach nhi?m cdng dan, trach nhiem cdng ddng...
Quan niem ve phdt trien ciing dang dat ra nhiing yeu cau nhan thiic mdi, ching han nhu phat trien phai ddng bg, bao trum tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc tir kinh te, chinh tri, van hda, xa hgi din bao ve
~mdi trudng; phai chuyen tir phat triln
NGUYEN THI NGA, HOANG THU TRANG theo chilu rgng sang phat trien theo
chilu sau gin liln vdi phat triln bin viing; phat triln phai gan lien vdi ddi mdi, sang tao...
Khdng chi can cd nhan thiic mdi ve ba ylu td ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien ma ban than vifc giai quyet mdi quan he giiia ba yeu td nay cung can cd sy bd sung, phat trien. Chang han, trudc day chiing ta vin xem dn dinh la dieu kien de tien hanh ddi mdi vi muc tieu phat trien; ndi each khac, ddi mdi la phuang thiic de phat trien, phat trien la ket qua tat yeu ciia ddi mdi tren ca sd dn dinh. Tuy nhien, hien nay, trong dieu kien mdi da cd nhieu thay ddi thi dn dinh phai dugc chita dyng ngay trong ban chat cua ddi mdi va phat triln, ddng thdi, dn dinh cung chiia dung nhiing nhan td thuc day qua trinh ddi mdi va phat trien; den lugt minh, thanh qua ciia ddi mdi la phat trien se tao ra nhirng dieu kien de dn dinh ben viing hem, tich eye han, thyc chat hon...'^ Tir day, cd the thay, de giai quySt mdi quan hi nay can phai luan giai sau sac, toan dien, ddng bg ve timg yeu td: Ddi mdi, dn dinh, phat trien ciing nhu nhan ro vai trd va sy tuong tac ciia cac yeu td nay trong mdi quan h§ bifn chiing va sy tac dgng qua lai lan nhau.
Ba Id, giai quyet mdi quan he gitta ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien can dugc tien hanh ddng bg ve mgi mat, nhung tiiy vao tinh hinh thyc te ciing can phai xac dinh trgng tam, trgng diem. Cu the, trong giai doan hien nay, khi giai quyet mdi quan
he giua ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat triln thi ddi mdi van phai dugc coi la ylu t l quan trgng nhit, la dgng lyc tao ra su phat trien. Tuy nhien, cin nhin manh la dli mdi phai vi muc tieu In dinh va phat trien. Dac biet, ddi mdi can dugc tiln hanh ddng bg, nhat la giua ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi chinh tri. Ben canh do, trong giai quyet mdi quan he giira ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien thi nhit thilt phai tuan theo myc tieu chung ciia ca nude, ddng thdi can tinh den tinh dac thu ciia timg ITnh vyc, timg cap, nganh dia phuang, dan vi de cd each giai quyet cho thda dang va phu hgp.
Tdm lai, cd the thay, ben canh nhiing thanh tyu da dat dugc, viec nhan thiic va giai quyet mdi quan he giua ddi mdi, dn dinh va phat trien d nude ta hien nay cdn nhieu van de dat ra can dugc xis ly. Xir ly nhiing van de nay thyc chat la de giai quylt tdt han niia mdi quan he giiia ddi mdi. In dinh theo hudng ddi mdi thyc sy la ddng lyc thuc day nude ta phat trien ben viing, nhd dd dat dugc sy dn dinh tich cue; qua dd hien thuc hda nhirng muc tieu cua chii nghTa xa hdi: Dan giau, nude manh, dan chii, cdng bang, van minh. •
" Xem: Tran Quoc Toan, Mgt so vdn de ddt ra trong viec gidi quyet moi quan he giira ddi m&i, on dinh vd phdt tnen a nu&c ta hien nay, theo http://hdll.vn/vi/nghien-cuu-trao-doi/mot-so-van-de- dat-ra-trong-giai-quyet-moi-quan-he-giua-doi-moi- on-dinh-va-phat-trien-o-nuoc-ta-hien-nay.html, ngay 10-3-2019.
