Tigp nhan van hoa dai chiing cua sinh vien Viet Nam hien nay: Phirorng thirc va giai phap
Dang Thi Tuyet'
' Vien Van hoa va Phat triln, Hpc vien Chinh tri Quic gia H6 Chi Minh.
Email: tuyetl [email protected]
Nhan ngay 20 thing 8 nam 2019. Chip nhSn dang ngay 10 thang 10nam2019.
Tom tat: Sinh vien (SV) dai dien cho lire lugng lao dpng tucmg lai cua dit nuac, tiem lire, tri tue, tri lire ciia hp quyet dinh su phat trien cua dat nirac ca trong tucmg lai gan va xa. SV la tang lap CO tri thuc, co sue tre, nang dong, sang tao, nhanh nhay, de nim bat, tilp thu cai mai, cai tich cue, phan biet dugc cai tieu cue, bao thu,... Vi the, cothe khang dinh SV la ting lap xahpi ma a do tiep nhan va hdi nhap van hoa, lira chon cac loai hinh van hoa dai chung (VHDC) dupc thi hien ro rang, day dii nhat. Neu dugc trang bi mot phong van hoa tdt, hp se biet lira chpn nhirng san pham VHDC phu hgp, tiep can dugc tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai ma van giG gin va phat huy ban sic dan tgc.
Tir khoa: Sinh vien, tiep nhan, van hoa dai chiing.
Phan loai nganh: Van hoa hgc
Abstract: Students represent the future workforce ofthe country, with their potential, intellect, and intelligence determining the country's development both in the near and far future. Students are knowledgeable, with vitali^, dynamism, creativity, and awareness to new things, easily grasping and absorbing new and positive things, and distinguishing them with the negative ones and those not wanting renovation. Therefore, it is possible to assert that students are the social sUatum where the reception and integration of culture, and the selection of types of popular culture, are demonstrated most clearly and fully. If equipped with a good cultural background, they will know how to choose the appropriate popular culniral products, approaching the quintessence of the culture of humanity while preserving and bringing into play the national identity.
Keywords: Students, reception, popular culture.
Subject classification: Cultural studies
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Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam. s6 11 1. Dat vSn de
Sau hem 30 nam d6i moi, Viet Nam 4a co s\i "thay da d6i thit" Ion, dac biet la vh kinh te. Buoc chuygn vk kinh t8 da tao da cho su thay doi ve van hoa, xa hoi. Su biln doi ve thang do gia tri trong xa hpi, sir thay doi trong loi song, thoi quen, hanh vi ciia nguoi dan da dan tiem can voi nhimg gia tri chung toan cau, nhat la trong gicri tre. Nhiing hien tupng nay sinh qua am nhac, thai trang, va loi song cho thay mpt lop van hoa moi - van hoa gioi tre - da ra doi, hoan toan phii hprp voi nhimg bien doi ve co cau kinh te, xa hpi cua dat nuoc trong thoi dai moi.
Co the thay trong nhung nam qua, doi song van. hoa nguoi dan c6 nhieu chuyen bien tich circ va soi dpng hon, nguoi dan va doanh nghiep duoc tham gia sang tao va thu huong. He thong rap chieu phim, nha hat...
dupc lam moi, phat trien them theo huong hien dai de chieu long du khach. Cac tuSn ll van hoa Phap, tuan le van hoa Due, tuan le van hoa An Dp, tuan le van hoa Nhat Ban... thuong xuyen duoc to chiic. Ben canh cac buoi quang ba, gioi thieu nen dien anh, am nhac, cac tuan le van hoa nay con gioi thieu ve am thuc, ve thoi trang dat nuoc minh. Cac ngay hpi van hoa ciia cac quoc gia cilng thucmg duoc to chuc 6 Ha Npi, nhu Ll hpi Hoa anh dao Nhat Ban, Le hpi hoa hong Bungari. Cac ngay le cua nuoc ngoai nhu Ie Halloween, Valentine, Cosplay... da tro thanh sinh hoat giai tri thuang xuyen cua SV. Day la dip giao luru, gap go ban be, la dip de hp duac choi, dupc hoa vao nhip song van hoa duong dai.
Tham gia cac ll hgi ciing la each de SV the hien va chia se cac gia tri ca nhan ciia minh vai cong ddng xa hoi. Nhieu t6 chiic SV qua cac ll hpi, de cao tinh tu lap, tu chu.
dua ra nhilu thong diep vl nghia cil nhan van, bao ve moi truong, chung tay vi cpng d6ng. Nlu nim a khia canh tich cue, le hoi thuc su la noi trao giri va giao luu khong chi van hoa, ma con la nai nuoi duong, trao gui tinh yeu thuong. Do thuc su la mot san choi lanh manh, b6 ich va gia tri cho cac ban SV bai no tao moi truong giao lira van hoa, nang cao su hiiu bilt, hoa nhap cua SV vai cac nin van hoa tren thi gioi.
Su tich cue, ehu dpng tilp nhan VHDC ciia SV chinh mot phAn nho vao bli eanh kmh te xa hpi dac thu cua dSt nuoc trong boi canh hpi nhap va toan c4u hoa. Trong qua trinh toan cau hoa van hoa, nhiing dinh cao tien bp ciia nhan loai se co su gap go, dupc lan truyen va nhan rpng. Tir do xac lap, pho biln nhimg gia tri va chuin muc mang tinh nhat the hoa 6 pham vi toan cku tren co so doi thoai van hoa.
Ben canh do, su phat triln cua nganh cong nghiep van hoa (CNVH) dap ling nhu cau van hoa da dang va phirc tap cua xa hpi, dac biet la dli vai SV. No gop phin tao nen qua ttmh da dang hoa va dan chu hoa vl tri thiic cho xa hpi, dap iing mpt each dl dang, san CO, thong qua viec tieu dimg nhijng san pham yHDC. La nganh nghi san xuat cac san pham van hoa va cung eip dich vu van hoa, CNVH liy su hai long, thoa man nhu cau van hoa cua mpi nguoi lam muc tieu chu yto. Khong nhitag thi, CNVH con biln m§i ca nhan thy huong van hoa tra thanh nhOng nha san xuat nhu Paul Willi (1990) cho ring-
"Nhiing qua trinh ciia su hang hoa hoa lam CO so cho "mpt nen van hoa chung" trong viec tieu dimg nhimg thuc hanh cua nguoi tie moi... Nen van hoa duong dai khong phai la mpt be mat vo nghia hay hoi hot ma no keo theo su sang tao y nghia tich cue bai tat ca mpi nguoi voi tu each la nhiing nha
san xuit van lioa" [ 1 ]. Sir ngap tran thong tin til C&; dang van hoa truyen thong, truydn hinh giai tri, quang cao khudch tniorng hinh aih cac tap doan da qudc gia hang ngay dang tac dpng ddn thoi quen huong thu van hoa va loi song SV.
Hien nay, su phat tridn cua nganh CNVH mang Iai nhidu co hpi dd SV tidp nhan cac san phim VHDC. Nd ciong mang lai nhirng hidu ich quan trpng trong viec pho bien VHDC den voi mgt doi tuong tidp nlign da dang, nang ddng va ua kham pha, sang tao nhu SV. Qua viec tidp nhan VPffiC, SV da tich liiy, tiep thu dugc tinh hoa van hoa nhan loai, bidt khat vpng, sdng nhan van hon va ciing biet tran trong hon tinh hoa van hoa dan tgc. Bai vidt phan tich phuong diuc va cac giai phap nang cao kha nang tiep nhan VHDC ctia sinh vien Viet Nam Men nay.
2. Phirorng thii-c tiep nhain v a n hoa dai chung ciia sinh vign Viet Nam
0 Viet Nam hidn nay, Intemet co vai tro thiet ylu ddi vdi the he 9x,10x. Thd he nay da tra thanh nhiing con nguoi Ion Ien trpn ven trong khdng gian s6, hay con ggi la nhiing "digital native". Nam 2001, Mark Piensky da dua ra khai niem "digital native" chi nhiing ngucri cupc ddfi hg vay ''ung quanh bdi sir dung may tinh, d-d choi
^atix, nhac sd, video, dien thoai di dgng va tk ca nhiing vat ph4m sinh ra tir thoi dai KJ thu|t sd va co vo sd each hanh xiir khac nhau. Nhtmg "digital native" da phat tridn nhftng bieu hien vd mat tam ly vd cung moi so voi nhftng thd he tiTioc.
Cong nghe va truydn thdng dang giii vai Ero het SIIC quan trgng trong boat dpng giai
Dang Thi Tuyet tri. "Ducmg nhu chSng c6 gi co Ihd kidm dugc dd dang cho ban s i c dan tgc hoac tdn giao, long yeu nuoc. Va bdi vi nhiing didu hap dan nay lai dugc phong dai len hoac dugc tiiiydn ba boi mot he thdng cac phuong tidn truyen thdng hoan hao nhdm tdi mpt nen VHDC, cho ndn chung da gay nen hieu qua rdt de nhan tiiay" [2, ti.576].
Nha su phat tridn cua cdng nghe, truyin thdng, san phim VHDC tro ndn de tidp can hem, re hon, tham chi no Iam dugc qua nhieu dieu ki dieu giiip con ngudi thoa man bat ki giic mo giai tri nao. Trong dien anh do la kr xao 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D, gidp con nguoi chinh phuc nhieu tac phim phim bom tan dat do chinh xac cao va chan that, sdng dgng. Cdng nghe cung giiip nganh cdng nghiep thai trang budfc sang mpt tiang moi vdi viec xii li chat lieu, quang ba thuang hieu. Trong am nhsic, ngay ca voi nhixng nghd sT dS qua doi cung vSn deu dan kidm ra tien. Cdng nghe "Hologram"
da dung lai hinh anh ba chidu dieu nhay moonwalk ctia Micheal Jackson tai Ie tiao giai Billboard 2014. Khdng chi lam song Iai nhiing ngudi da chdt, cac ke ho^ch lidn quan den "Hologram" con la dung Iai hinh anh thoi tre, vi du mdt Madoima o tudi 27 tren san khau. Va dudmg nhu su phat trien ciia cdng nghe de danh rieng cho doi tupng Iam chii dugc cdng nghe va dam me kham pha nhu SV. Truyen thdng dai chiing khong chi cd tac ddng dinh huang ldi sdng ma con dinh hudng vd he gia tri, quan niem ve ban than, ve x3 hdi, vd van hoa tieu diing. Truyen thdng dai chiing lam cho cac san pham khong chi co y nghia tieu dung, ma cdn co y nghia nhu bidu tugng van hoa, thong qua chiing, nhan each ca nhan dugc khang dinh.
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Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 11 - 2019 Truyen thdng dai chiing dinh hinh VHDC. Tac dpng cua truyen thdng dai chting den VHDC la su noi Ien ciia "nen van hoa gan vai cdng nghe mdi", ma co thd kd ra cac thd loai thanh vien cua no nhu:
cac fan ham mg The Beatles, cac hippies a nhixng thap nien 50, 60 ciia the ki truoc, hay nhimg ke "nghien games" "nghidn mang", hoac nhung cdng ddng "thcr phung" cdng nghe cao... ngay nay.
Nho six phat trien ciia truyen thdng, SV tidp can VHDC dd dang hon, tien ich han, cap nhat, da dang va re hem. Phuang thiic tidp nhan VHDC cua SV hiu hdt la tu Intemet va mang xa hgi. SV c6 nhieu su chgn lua VHDC phu hgp voi dieu kidn ca nhan. Khdng nhiing the, cdng nghd va truyen thdng giiip SV tuong tac, bay to quan diem ca nhan ciing nhu co the ddng thai la nhixng nha sang tao, san xuat cac san phim VHDC.
Six chu ddng, thich kham pha cac yeu td mdi la la mot dac trung tidu bidu cua tam ly SV. Trong bdi canh hien nay, SV quan tam hon toi nhiing ydu td mai la, tre trung ciia VHDC. Qua tiinh tidp nhan VHDC anh hudng manh den hanh vi ung xu tirong quan he ban be cua SV. Do la xu hudng rpng mdf hon va cd nhidu dau hieu ve cac hinh thiic ket ban, tao dung moi quan he lau dai. SV tiiich kdt giao dd hgc hdi, ciing la each qua do hg dinh hucmg cho su phat trien cua chinh minh. Trong gia dinh, ti-ong mdi quan he voi ngudi than, SV bidt each quan tam, yeu thuong va bgc lg cam xiic hon. SV cho rSng anh hudng tich cue ciia VHDC ngoai vide giiip hg thu gian, giai tri, tai tao nang lugng cho cupc song, con giiip hp co ddng luc hpc ngoai ngii, giup hp hoa nhap voi ban be qudc te, giup hg co co hdi di du lich nhidu hon. San phim VHDC ciing giiip SV
nhin cuoc sdng nhan van, nhe nhang hon, bidt ti-an ti-png nhiing gia ti-i tinyen thong tot dep ciia dSn tpc.
Nhu ciu cua SV tiidng qua van hoa gidi ti-e dd khing dinh vai ti-d, vi tii cua minh trong he thdng chimg ciia xa hpi. Do la moi tiTicmg dk hp tim toi va dinh hinh huong di, loi sdng - hay con gpi la ban sac - cho rieng minh. Ciing chinh vi thd, xa hpi can co cai nhin coi mo, rgng lugng hon, va tdn trgng de gioi tre dugc trai nghiem, hinh thanh va xac lap thd gioi cua ridng minh. Trong bdi canh hpi nhap, lai lam chii dugc cdng ngh$, SV CO CO hdi trai nghiem, cp xat, tham thau voi van hoa ben ngoai la ducmg nhidn.
Ciing tu do, hg dat ra yeu ciu khac hon ve quyen dugfc thu hudng cac san pham van hoa phu hgp vdi minh.
Dac biet, vi tu tim hidu mpi thu tren mang, nen tuy con hoi som, nhung da cd the nhan xet la SV ngay cang gioi trong viec ty nhan thiic (ve ban than), ty lyc, ddc lap, ban linh, thich ddi moi va co muc tieu ro rang. Cac phuang tien tmydn thong dai chiing mdi nhu dien thoai, Intemet da tao tien de thiic day qua tiinh ca nhan hoa ciia SV trong xa hdi, the hien ro net nhit 6 cac khia canh: co vSt so hiiu ridng, c6 thd thd hien ca tinh, tinh each rieng cua minh tren nhGng do vat, vat dung iy, co thd lya chpn dich vu hoac san phim tuy theo muc dich cua minh. Khdng gian mang xa hgi cung vdi van hoa tiiam gia giup SV co co hpi dugc dong gdp va tiie hien ban tiian. Mang xa hdi vdi van hoa tiiam gia giup nhidu SV kdt ndi vdi nhau va tao ra mgt cdng ddng gan bd. Youtiibe mang ddn mdt khdng gian van hoa binh dang va tuang ddi dai chiing xoa nhoa cac ranh gioi va khoang each' Khdng chi nd lyc giai quydt cac vin dd ca nhan, SV con bay to nhixng mdi quan tam
Bang Thi Tuyet vm nhiing sy kien van hoa, xa hgi va chinh
tri. Nho do, kha nang kdt ndi, kha nang lan toa ciia VHDC ngay cang rgng mo. Cdng nghe da thay ddi cdch SV tidp nhan va nhan fliiic vd thd gidi. Sy phat tiidn ciia mang xa hoi, cimg cac tinh nang ngay cang manh me cua no, da hinh thanh o SV mpt t&n the chu dong va tu tin. SV thich chia se, thich len ihig va mong muon dugc lang nghe. Khat khao thd hien cai toi thang than va manh liet, SV khdng ngan ngai khi the hidn chinh kiSn ridng, ngay ca khi di ngugc y iden cua the he truoc, tham chi tach biet suy nghi sd dong. Dac bidt, vide tiep can tiiong tin d-en mang, SV ngay cang gidi trong viec ty nhan thiirc ve ban thSn, ty lyc, thich ddi moi va huong toi muc tieu. Hg cung CO nhieu ddi hdi hon cho san pham hay dich vu. Bia tap chi Time sd thang 5/2013 timg dang hinh mgt thieu nii tudi teen chup anh ty suong vol dong tieu de noi tieng va kha shock: "The he ciia tdi, toi, chinh ban than tdi".
SV the hien kha nang sang tao vdi nhan vat trung tam la chinh minh, chii khdng can thong qua mgt hinh anh khac mang tinh thong diep va dau i n ca nhan. Chinh vi the, chua bao gid, tinh chit nghe thuat Iai du phan vao doi song thudng nhat rgng khap nhu Men nay. Moi SV, ndu mudn, deu co the la mgt nghe sT, thu hiit sy chii y, lang nghe va theo doi...Va do la li do sy tiep nhan VHDC tiro nen vo cung quan trgng, khong chi cgng ddng dan tpc ma 6 tixng ca the dcm le.
Co the noi, nen tidu van hoa tuoi tre tten voi sy xuit hien ciia lop cdng chiing moi nang ddng vdi nhiing nhu c i u t h i m mi mdi 4itt sir mang lai mgt buc tranh diy mau sac cho van hoa duong d^. Voi su ho trg cua
•f^yen thdng, cong chung chii dgng khong
chl la nguoi thu hucmg ma con chii ddng sang tao ra cac san phim van hoa. Do dd, van hoa tii chd la san phim dac quydn cua ting lap tinh hoa, gio day hoa ti-pn trong doi sdng thudng nhat, vdi nhung con nguai binh thudng, nhip song bmh thuong. Do ciing la each lan toa tim anh hucmg cua VHDC toi SV mgt each nhanh va hieu qua nhit.
Tmyen thdng dan tpc cung nhung tieu chi cua thoi dai khidn SV cdi mdr hem nhurng ciing can tigng hon ti-ong viec tidp nhan cac yeu td van hoa ben ngoai, trong do CO VHDC. Yeu thich kham pha cai moi, cai tien bg, nhan van cua thoi dai de lam giau vdn van hoa dan tpc, vixa nam tiong tam ly tiep nhan ciia SV, vixa nim tiong xu thd chung Clia thoi dai. Tuy vay, nhiing ma tian cac san pham VHDC voi su hau thuan ciia tmyen thdng ciing mang Iai nhieu he luy.
Do la sy le thuoc vao tmyen thdng, bi tmydn thdng d i n dat. No dan den mgt bg phan SV tiep nhan thu dpng, de adua, bat chuoc, sdng voi cac gia tri ao, tham chi, anh hudng khdng nho toi hanh vi va dao due Clia hp. Tinh trang pham tpi ngay cang tte va manh dpng hon, xu huong sdng thyc dung, chay theo vat chat, ich ki ca nhan dang ngay cang nhieu.
3. Giai p h i p nang cao kha nang tiep nhan van hoa dai chiing cua sinh vien
3. L Gido due gia dinh
Hay b i t diu ttr sy giao due trong gia dinh, cai ndi van hoa d i u tien cua SV. Gia dinh CO tac dung giao due van hoa, bao luu cac gia tri van hoa tmydn thong. Vi the, nguoi ta thucmg vi gia dinh la tmdmg hgc d i u tien va nguoi me la nguoi thiy d i u tidn
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Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam, so 11 - 2019 cua doi nguoi. Sy hinh thanh nhiing chuan muc gia tri van hoa tdt dep cua gia dinh khong chi cung cd cac moi quan he gia dinh, ma con tao tien de quan trgng de mdi ca nhan tiep tuc hoan ttiien gia tri nhan each khi hoa nhap vao moi tmong xa hgi.
Van hoa gia dinh chinh la cai ndi, noi tao lap va tidp thu van hoa. "...mdi lien kdt gifta cac thanh vien trong gia dinh gift vai tro quan trgng ddi voi viec tiep thu va su dung cac thdng diep tu he thdng tmydn thdng dai chiing vi nhung nhu cau va lgi ich Clia hg. Hp co thai dd phe phan, nhieu khi gay git ddi vai viec quang ba bao lyc va viec lam dung hinh anh phy nu, trd em trong cac chuang trinh phim, quang cao...
vi myc dich thuang mai. Dieu ay co nghia rang, truyen thdng van hoa gia dinh, nen tang Clia gia phong rat co y nghia trong tuong tac gifta VHDC va van hoa gia dinh" [6].
Co the coi truyen thdng van hoa gia dinh la mdt bg phan hgp thanh nen van hoa dan tgc, vai he thdng nhirng gia tti, chuan myc didu chinh hanh vi va didu tiet mdi quan he gifta cac thanh vien trong gia dinh. Do do, dng ba, cha me phai lam guong cho con chau vd van hoa, vd dao due. Ngudi Viet da diic kdt "gio nha ai, quai nha nay", "o biu thi tton, a dng thi dai", nhu mot quy luat, mdt ttidt ly giao due van hoa, dao due trong gia dinh.
Co the ndi, xa hpi hien dai vdi su phan hoa lao dgng cao da din ddn tinh trang nhieu phu huynh pho mac giao due con cai cho nha tiudng. Kinh td thi tmdng va sy tix do canh ttanh lgi nhuan da co thd dua con nguai vuot ra ngoai nhung sy kim toa ciia gia dinh de tim tiiiy mdt tiiu hanh phiic khac gin lien vdi cac dieu kien vat chat, sy sang giau vd tidn bac, sy xoa bd cac rang
budc vd huydt tiidng, tiid he va gioi tinh...
Do do, cin phat huy sue manh ciia gia dinh bcfi chi khi dugc nudi du5ng ttong mot bau khong khi dugc tidp nhan sure sdng manh liet cua cac gia tti tmyen thdng thi khi Ian ldn, ddn luat minh, chinh SV moi co dii nang lyc dd tidp tuc luu giu va phat huy nhiing gia tii do cho thd he mai sau. Dong thai, cac bac phu huynh cixng can co gang cap nhat ve cdng nghe, nhftng xu hudrng mdi ttong xa hdi de cd su dinh hucmg tdt hoac dong hanh cimg con em, hucmg hp ddn nhung ydu td tich cyc, hidn dai, len an phe phan nhiing yeu td tieu cue. Tuong Iai khong xa, vide SV xa la, dut gay vdi cac gia tti tmyen thdng d ^ tpc khong con la nguy CO. Do do, xay dyng van hoa gia dinh tto nen vo ciing can thidt de nang cao hieu qua giao due cho gidi tte.
3.2. Xdy dimg moi trudng vdn hoa trong cdc trudng dgi hgc
Nha truong la noi con ngudi vdi con nguoi (thay va tto) cung hoat ddng chiem lihh cac muc tieu van hda, theo nhung each thuc vSn hda, dya tten nhung phuang tien van hoa ttong nhiing moi tmcmg van hoa dac thu.
r ^ a ti-uong la nai bao tdn va luu ti^ydn cac gia tii van hoa nhan loai. Nha tiirdng ciing la noi dao tao, ren luyen nhftng lop ngucri moi - chu nhan gin giu, sang tao van hoa cho tuong lai.
Van hoa hgc duong la mdi tiiiong dd giao dye va ren luyen nhan each con nguoi, dac biet la thd he tte. Ndu moi tmong hgc duong bi xudng cap tiu nha ttuong khong thyc hien dugc chuc nang tmydn tai tii tinic, cae gia tti, ehuan myc van hda ddn tiid he tte. Thyc te, nhidu ttucmg dai hoc chua quan tam xay dung van hda hoc duong vi
Bang Thj Tuyet vay nhiing hanh vi lech chuan ttong tmong
hoc CO CO hgi phat sinh, nay ndf, ttong dd co bao luc hgc dudng dang la van dd quan tam cua nganh giao due va cua toan xa hpi.
Khong chi hudng SV den cac gia tti dao diic, nha tiircmg, ben canh viec dao tao nghS, con can cd cac kd hoach cy the ttang bj cac kiSn thiic ndn tang ve van hoa nghd fliuat cho SV. Phai chang sy tho o hdm nay Clia mgt bg phan khdng nhd gicri tte ddi voi n^e thuat dan tgc chinh la sy phan chieu tho 0 Clia he thdng giao due ddi vdi viec bdi dap, dinh hudng gia tti tham my; giao due Sao diic; cham lo ddi sdng van hoa, tinh thSn cho gidi tte?
Dieu quan ttgng hon ca, hay de tinh yeu van hoa dan tgc ty no tham vao hdn cac the he, dac biet la gioi tte. Hay dd SV yeu nd theo each cua minh bdi dau phai cu ludn dn ao, luon ndi yeu mdi thyc la yeu. Trach nhi?m ciia nha tmdng la phai quang ba, truyen dat Iam sao de hp ciing yeu men am nhaC dan tpc nhu the va hon the; dd am nhac dan tgc sdng va chay trong huydt quan cua hg nhu tinh yeu vai to tien, que huong, nguon cgi; de sau t i t ca nhung cai moi, nhftng dn ao, hg ludn mudn tim ve su binh yen, sau lang nhit ciia tam hdn. Nen tao san choi cho SV cd nhidu sy tidp xiic vdi nghe thuSt truyen thdng. Khi khan gia den voi mot loai hinh nghe thuat phai bat ngudn tu su yeu men, luydn nho va co the tim vd ky lie Clia minh. Hay Iam cho hp chii y dan dan de hg den mdt liic nao dd, du do ttai nghiem, hp se thich thay vi bang cac bien phap tuyen tmydn, thuydt giang giao dieu.
Van hda nha U-uong phai bat dau tix cac cSp quan Iy, lanh dao cac tiTiong hpc; sau
^6 doi ngu nha giao c i n coi giao dye van hoa la nhan td quan ttpng, tii do chii trgng hinh thanh va phat tridn nhan each van hoa
cho hgc sinh, gop phin fliyc hien phong tiao "xay dyng tiudng hgc tiian thien, hpc sinh tich cue".
Vai ttd cua cac doan, hpi cin dugc phat huy manh me hon nfta khdng chi mang tfnh phong trao ma can di vao chieu sau, bai ban, lap Iang boi van hoa la tini thim thiu, chuydn hoa dan chur khdng the hd hao cd dgng la xong. Ben canh viec td chuc cac san chai van hoa van nghe lanh manh dd SV dugc sang tao, can cd cac sinh hoat chuyen de ve van hoa nhu vide mdi cac dien gia, cac nha phe binh van hoa nghe thuat de tang vdn hieu biet ve my hgc eho SV.
3.3. Qudn ly vdn hoa
Cd the ndi, SV ngay nay cd nhieu co hgi tidp can, hudng thu VHDC nhung cung nay sinh nhidu he luy tft viec VHDC d ^t xuit hien tten mgi dien dan, mpi phucmg didn sdng. Ngudi ta co gang Ii giai dieu do, nhung cd thd quy ve 3 nguyen nhan: (1) su xuit hien xa hpi tieu dung din den cupc dua vd tieu dung; (2) sy ra ddi xa hgi giai tti dan den cuoc dua thoa man cam xiic vui ve, giai tri; (3) su phat tridn nhanh cua xa hgi tmyen thdng vol cuoc chay dua ve ket ndi ban be, cgng ddng ciing sdf thich, cung dam me.
Tuy nhien, bdn canh do, xa hpi Men dai dem ddn nhixng lo au va b i p benh khi nhiing doi thay d at dang dien ra frdn toan thd gioi, bao gdm trong nd ca sy ma ho do khong hd cd nhiing chuan myc nhat dinh nao cho nhftng tiiay ddi nay. Day la nhftng khd khan ma tiid he tre phai ddi mat frong qua trinh xay dyng ban sic cho rieng minh, nhftng ban sic dang ttong giai doan dinh hinh, vun vat, roi rac, tiiam chi chiia dyng nhidu mau thuan. Qua tiinh nay doi hoi SV phai luon tinh tao, dpc lap, Iam chii dugc
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Khoahocxahpi VietNam, sd 11 -2019 nhung moi quan he ciing nhu tuong lai cua ban than. SV ngay nay duong nhu phai ddi mat voi rat nhieu kho khan. Nhiing dinh kien dua vao van hoa tmydn thdng do vay se chi lam tang them nai hg sy mo hd vdn CO. Van hoa gioi tie la mpt tiiyc td xa hdi can dugc cdng nhan. SV rit nang dgng va ludn nd lyc het sue dd khing dinh minh. Xa hdi can khuyen khich didu do ciing nhu ddng hanh, chap nhan nhftng thach thftc ciing hp. Sy coi mo, tdn trgng, khach quan la rat can thiet ttong vide ho ttg thd he tte chgn lya hudng di ttong tucmg lai.
De nang cao kha nang tiep nhan VHDC cua SV, cac co quan quan ly van hoa can thuc sy quan tam tdi viec de ra cac thiet che cho SV: (1) tao cho SV cac khong gian vui chai giai tri Ianh manh. Hien nay, khdng gian phuc vu viec vui chai, giai tri danh rieng cho SV con thieu va yeu, nhat la khdng gian ngoai ttdi. Can cd sy nhan thuc day du va kip thoi ciia cac cap chinh quyen ve viec dinh hudng sy tiep nhan VHDC cho SV quan cac hoat dgng tuydn tmyen, dinh hudng, t£io cho SV khdng gian sang tao de SV cd ban linh, co nang lyc tiep nhan cac san pham VHDC co chat lugng, Ioai bd nhixng san pham yeu kem, phan van hoa.
Co the to chuc cac hoat ddng van hoa van nghe tai dia ban cu tni dd tao san choi lanh manh, tang eudmg giao luu, ket ndi the he cho SV, thdng qua do Idng ghep cac thdng diep, cac gia tri van hoa; (2) xiet chat cdng tac quan ly, xet duyet cac san pham VHDC tu bdn ngoai. Thuc te, nhieu san pham dugc nhap lau vdi ndi dtmg phan van hoa van tran Ian trdn thi tmdng, vo tu xuat hien tten giang dudmg, cantin, ki tiic xa, phong ttg...
Dac biet, van de quan ly eae san pham van hoa tten tmydn thdng cin phai lam mot each bai ban, manh tay bdi day la mdi
tmdng tidm in nhidu nguy co khong lanh manh nhit ddn SV. Khdng ndn pho thac viec giao due SV cho nha tiudng hoac cac hoat ddng vui choi cua hg cho cac hgi, doan.
SV da la cdng dan, hp co quydn lgi va ttach nhiem ngang nhau voi cac ddi tupng khac ttong xa hpi. Do do, cac cip, cac nganh, cac nha quan ly van hoa can quan tam hon niia toi SV tiiay vi frdng cay vao sy giao due cua nha tinrong va cac doan, hpi; (3) tmydn thdng cin dua nhidu guong nguoi tot vide tdt, cin CO nhung tim gucmg SV tinyen cam hung cho cpng ddng. Ben canh do, cac binh Iuan cua cac. chuyen gia van hoa, nghe thi4t cin dugc dua tdi gan hon voi SV bang nhiing each de tidp nhan nhat nhu Idng ghep ttong cac budi ngoai khoa, tap huan hoac eac ma trinh dien cua SV.
3.4. Tugido due cita sinh vien Mudn xay dung con nguoi co tii thftc, co van hoa thi quan trgng nhat la viec chinh con nguoi ty giao due. Nha tiorong hay gia dinh chi dong vai ttd dinh hudng, ho ttg sy phat fridn moi ca nhan. Cai gdc "cua tri tu?
van la do con ngudi ty nhan thuc, ty khai sang va tu ITnh hpi. Khi SV ty nhsin thuc dugc suy nghi ciia minh la diing hay sai thi se dan ddn hanh dgng va ldi ndi: tuan theo su diing - sai cua tiJ duy iy. Tft do mai hmh thanh nen thd he SV nhan van, sdng frach nhidm va sang t^o.
SV cin chit ddng hgc cho minh, vi tii tiiuc, ky nang va nhiing ung xu cin tiiidt frong nghe nghiep sau nay, hgc dd suy nghi, tim toi ya tix xac dinh nhftng gia fri co thk sdng chdt vi no, chu khdng tiiu ddng "lam tiieo tiiien ha" hay tiieo sip dat ciiame cha voi tam ly y lai... La tiid hien khi phach tiidi hai muai, "giua dudng tiiiy chuyen bit
Sjing Thi Tuyet fa^g ching tiia" thay vi do thua thd he di
tnroc vd mpi dieu minh chua lam dugc...
Neu SV ty chu, ty giao due minh thanh nguoi cdng dan cd ttach nhidm, thi vide nang cao nang lye tiiim my de tidp nhan VI©C se mang lai hidu qua. Giao due, nhu ynghia ngan ddi gian di cua no, tmdc hdt la tu giao due, de nen ngudi.
d thdi dai ttinh dp nhan thftc da cd budc phat tri6n cao, tidp nhan - bien ddi van hda ciing khdng con d frong tinh trang ty phat ma da frd thanh hanh vi ty y thftc cua con nguoi, frd thanh xu the tit yeu dap ftng nhu cau phat trien van hda cua mpi dan tgc. Do vSy, viec xu ly cac van de lien quan tiep nhan - bien ddi van hda ciing can phai dugc quy chieu tft nhan quan eua hanh vi ty y thuc, phai frd thanh bg phan cua mgt hoach dinh van hoa co y nghia chien luge va lau d^i. Nhu vay, neu cac co quan td chuc, lanh dao van hoa co vai frd quan frgng ve mat xa h9i, thi mdi SV ciing gift vai trd khdng kem, bdi con ngudi chinh la chu nhan cua van hoa, la chu the cua mgi sang tao van hoa va do do, xay dyng van hda phai bat dau tit xay dyng con ngudi van hda.
Boi canh hpi nhap quoc te hidn nay, SV dimg tmdc nhidu lya chgn dd thda man ddi song tinh thin va xac lap he gia tti cho riSng minh. Do do, ban than SV phai tich cue, chii ddng trau ddi tri thuc, nang cao thi hieu tham my cua minh dd thdng qua vide tiep nhan VHDC, hoan tiudn nhan each, gin gift dugc vdn van hda dan toe va hdi nhap sau rong vdi ban be qudc te.
4. Ket lu^n
VHDC da ttd thanh nhip sdng quen thudc, gan gui cua SV trong boi canh hpi nhap
qudc te. SV da chii ddng tidp nhan cac ydu to mdi la, h i p din cua VHDC dd khing dinh cai tdi, khang dinh ban nga. Trong vide dinh hinh phong each, xac lap gia tri rieng cua SV, VHDC can dy phin ldn vao viec ay. Nd giiip SV hoan thien nhin each, chuan bi hanh ttang lap nghiep. Tiep nhan VHDC cua SV cd nhieu thuan lgi bdi muc do dam dac cac san phim VHDC vay quanh eugc sdng cua hp, nhung kem theo dd cung cd vd sd tiiach thuc khi ho hi lac ldi gifta me ctmg cua chinh nhiing san pham tdt - xau lan ldn. Chinh vi the, nha tmdng, gia dinh, xa hgi can quan tam, dinh hudng cho SV de hg nhan thftc dugc ngay ca frong viec giai tri, cung phai chpn Ipc nhiing san pham lanh manh, phu hop de nang cao nang lyc tham my, gdp phan lanh manh hoa ldi sdng cho SV. Ddng thdi, chinh ban than SV ciing phai y thuc ty trau ddi vdn van hoa de nang cao kha nang tiep nhan VHDC.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Ciotaire Rapaille (2017), Mgt ma van hod, Nxb Lao dong. H i Noi.
[2] Edward Wadie Said (2015) Van hod va Chu nghTa bd quyin, Nxb Tri thiic, Ha NOi.
[3] DSng Canh Khanh (2006), Xa hpi hoc thanh nien, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Uh Npi.
[4] Nguyln Van Kim (Chii bien) (2017), Tiip biin va hpi nhgp van hod a Viet Nam, Nxb Dai hgc Qu6c gia Hh Noi, H^ N6i.
[5] Nguyln Tnrimg Ljch (2012), "Giao lim va tiep nhan vSn hoa thai hoi nh?p", Diin dan van nghe Viet Nam, {2^5X2.
[6] Mai QujTih Nam (2000), "V5n hoa dai chiing va vSn hoa gia dinh". Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hgi, s 6 4 ( 7 2 ) .
[7] HOu Ngoc (2015), Ho sa vdn hod A^, Nxb Thong tin va Tniyln thong, H4 Noi.
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