• KHOA HOC XA HOI *>
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO s 5 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
BUI NGUYEN KHANH ^*'
Torn tat: Nhdng nam qua, phat huy dan chu cd sd d niidc ta da tdng biidc diigc cung cd va hoan thien. The che dan chd cd sd d Viet Nam bao gom ca hinh thdc dan chU dai dien va hinh thdc dan chd trgc tiep, quyen tham gia y kien vdi tU each ca nhan cua ngudi dan vao cac vd'n di nay sinh tai cd sd hudng tdi muc tieu hien thUc hoa quyen luc caa chu nhan quyen lUc tai dia ban cd sd va tren thUc td da dat dUdc nhdng thanh tUu quan trgng. Mac dd vay, phat huy dan cbu cd sd d nUdc ta trong thdi gian qua cung con bgc 16 mot sd han che, ydu kem. Bai vie't nhAm phan tich nhan thdc v4 dan chu cd sd; thanh tUu va nhdng han che, yeu kem trong phat huy dan cha cd sd d Viet Nam hien nay; td do, de xuat nhdng giai phap tiep tuc phat huy d&n chu cd sd d Vi$t Nam trong thdi gian tdi.
Tit khoa: Dan chu cd sd; phat huy d&n chu dan chu cd sd; phUdng phap dan chu; thanh tUu phat huy dan chu cd sd; ban che, yeu kem trong phat huy dan chii cd sd; tiep tuc phat huy dan chu cd sd S Viet Nam.
Abstract: In recent years, local democracy has been developed and promoted in Vietnam. Local democracy in Vietnam includes representative democracy and direct democracy. Individuals has the right to contribute personal opinions to local issues in order to exercise their power towards local authorities. These models have achieved certain success over time. However, there are some hindrances to the promotion of local democracy. This article analyzed people's awareness of local democracy and the achievements and limitations in promoting local democracy in Vietnam nowadays in order to suggest solutions to further promote this issue.
Keywords: local democracy; promote local democracy; democratic means; achievement;
limitation.
Ngaynh$n bai: 12/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 25/5/2019; Ngay duyet dang bai: 26/6/2019.
1. Nhan thflc chung vi dan chu ctf sfl thd'ng nha't trong tinh da dang. O each sd d Viet Nam hien nay tie'p can nay, dan chu dildc hieu nhfl mdt ly Dan chu trong lich sfl dfldc nhan dien tfldng ma con ngfldi khao khat hudng den nhfl mpt pham tru da nghia vdi ban cha't va co ging thflc hanh trong cupc sd'ng.
nhieu thfl bac, do vay, dan chu dfldc xem Nhflng nha tfl tfldng Hy Lap cd dai cho xet d nhieu phfldng dien khac nhau. Theo rang, de cd mdt xa hdi td't dep thi nhan dan dd, dan chu bao gdm mdt td hdp cac gia tri
nhan ban, duy ly va cao dep. Dan chfl la sfl „ pos.TS., Hoc vien Khoa hoc xa hoi;
hda hdp gifla cac gia t r i : tfl do, b i n h dang, Email, [email protected]
S6 7-2018 NHAN LUC KHOA Hpc XAHOI Q
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO S d 6 VIET NAM H I E N NAY p h a i cd quyen lilc m a n h nha't, cao nha't, tfl do x u a t hien k h a i niem "dan chu"
(Demokratia) cd nghia la quyen Idc thudc ve nhan din.
D a n c h u cd lien he chat che vdi b a n cha't cfla n h a nildc, vdi chflc nang, n h i e m vu va h i n h thflc n h a nfldc. N h i e u each liieu da dUdc difa r a nhflng ve cd b a n deu quy t u ve b a n cha't "Dan chu tdc la chinh quyen cua nhan dan", "Che'dp dan chu, dd la mdt nha nddc thda nhan viec thieu sa'phuc tdng da so", "Ned khdng khinh thitdng le phai va Uch sd, ai cdng tbay rd rang chitng nao ma cdn CO nhiing giai cdp khac nhau thi khdng the noi den "dan chu thuan tuy" dugc, ma chi CO the noi deh dan chu cd tinh giai caj^'^^K Nhil vay, d a n c h u triidc he't la thudc t i n h cua n h a nfldc, trong do ngfldi d a n t h e h i e n quyen lam chu cua m i n h , ke ca quyen t a o lap va kiem soat quyen Iflc n h a nfldc.
N h a nfldc cd t r a c h nhiem bao d a m b a n g quyen n a n g cua n h a nildc, t h o n g q u a cac phfldng thflc thflc hien quyen Iflc n h a nfldc de n h a n d a n thflc hien cac quyen cua m i n h . N e u xua't p h a t tfl each hi^u n h u t r e n , d a n c h u trong hien thflc ddi sd'ng se lien q u a n de'n q u a n niem ve b a y§'u to': (i) N h a n dan; (ii) Quyen lilc cdng cdng va (iii) T i n h chat trilc tie'p cua md'i q u a n he gifla n h a n d a n va quyen Iflc cdng cdng t r o n g sd hflu quyen luc cdng cdng.
D a n chu vdi t i n h each la mpt t h e che, difdc thUc hien dfldi h a i h i n h thflc cd b a n la d a n c h u dai dien va d a n chfl trUc tie'p.
Dan chd dai dien (cdn gpi la d a n c h u gian tie'p) la h m h thflc d a n chu ma theo dd n h a n d a n t h d n g q u a dai dien cua m i n h de bay td c h i n h kie'n, de quye't dinh nhflng va'n de cfla ddi sd'ng cdng ddng. Thdng qua b a u cd de Ifla chpn nhflng ngfldi Uu tfl
dflng d a u cac cd q u a n dai dien, q u y e t d i n h nhflng va'n de q u a n t r p n g cua ddi sd'ng xa hpi, giai quyet nhflng va'n de bflc b a c h t r o n g xa hdi d a t r a . T u y nhien, thflc tidn cho tha'y d a n c h u d a i dien cd nhflng nhfldc d i e m cho de'n n a y v a n chfla k h a c phuc dUdc. Dd la nhflng bieu h i e n dac quyd'n, d a c ldi, cd k h a n a n g l a m quyen, t h a m n h u n g m a quyen Iflc do cd dfldc do n h a n d a n u y quyen.
Dan chu trilc tiep la h i n h thflc n h a n d a n trflc t i e p quye't d i n h cac va'n de, cac cdng viec q u a n t r p n g cua qudc gia cua cdng ddng l a n h thd, trflc tie'p t h d n g qua cac dao l u a t m a k h d n g q u a mpt ye'u to' t r u n g gian n a e . T h e o n g h i a do, d a n chu trflc tiep g a n l i e n vdi n g u d n gdc b a n chat cfla k h a i n i e m d a n c h u (demokratia/
6T||iOKpaTia - tie'ng H y Lap) m a cd n g h i a la
"quyen luc, sd cai tri cua nhan dan"
(power/rule of the people). C h i n h vi vay, d a n c h u trflc tiep ddi k h i cdn dildc gpi la d a n chu dich thflc/ nguyen nghia (pure/true democracy) va dUdc xem la bieu hien cho chinh quyen cua dan, do d a n va vi dan.
D a n chu t n i c tie'p la mdt phfldng thflc lam chu cua n h a n d a n k h i n h a n d a n - c h u the quyen lUc duy nha't cd t h e b a y td y chi, nguyen vong, de d a t kie'n n g h i nao dd trong cac linh vflc q u a n ly n h a nildc, q u a n ly xa hpi, ddng thdi t h u c hien kiem t r a , g i a m sat bp may n h a nUdc dd chinh m i n h lap nen.
Ket qua cua sil bay te y chi dd cd t h e cd y nghia quye't dinh, b a t buoc p h a i t h i h a n h ngay nhfl triing c^u y dan, b a u cfl, bai m i i n dai bieu d a n cfl; hoac chi cd y nghia t h a m k h a o n h u cac h i n h thflc t h a m k h a o y
' V.I.Lenin, Toan tap, tap 42, Nxb. Chinh t n quo'c ia, Ha Npi, tr.304.
g NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA HOI
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kien nhan dan, kiem tra, giam sat bp may nha nfldc v.v.. Trong nen dan chu hien dai, cac qudc gia da ngay cang gianh sfl chfl y tdi vi$c sfl dung cac hinh thflc dan chu trflc tiep de quy^t dinh mot so' vah de quan trpng dd'i vdi qudc gia va cac va'n de cua cdng ddng tai dia phfldng. Trong ra't nhieu trfldng hdp, phfldng thflc dan chu trflc tie'p cd nhig'u flu diem ma phfldng thflc dan chij dai dien khdng cd dfldc. Dd lfl kha nang the hien mot each khach quan nhat y chi, nguyen vpng cua nhan dan va the hien mdt each thiet thflc nha't quy^n Iflc cua nhan dan trong viec quan ly xa hpi.
Nhfl vay, se xuat hien cau hdi Idn: gifla dan chu trflc tiep va dan chu dai dien, cd nhflng hinh thflc thflc hien quyen cua ngfldi dan nhflng se xep vao dau neii chi theo tieu chi ndi tren? Cac hinh thflc dd nhfl: khieu nai, to' cao, kie'n nghi, phan bien xa hdi, tfl va'n xa hpi, giam sat trflc tie'p cfla ngfldi dan. Ve cd ban, day la cac hinh thflc dflng trung gian de thflc hien quy^n cua ngfldi dan, vfla mang yeu td^ cua dan chu trflc tiep (xet ve tinh chat va muc tieu), vfla mang yeu to' cua dan chu dai dien (xet ve ky thuat thflc hien). O Viet Nam, cac nha nghien cflu gpi do la hinh thflc "dan chu tham gia"^^\
De hieu ban chat cua dan chu cd sd trong di^u ki$n mot Dang lanh dao d nfldc ta hi§n nay, ngoai viec nhan dien khai ni^m dan chu, cdn can nha't quan trong each quan niem ve cd sd. Trong he thd'ng quan ly, ca'p cd sd la ca'p cudi cung nhflng lai la c^p dau tien va trflc tie'p nha't vdi tU each nen tang xay dflng che dp dan chu cua toan hd thong chinh tri. Cd sci tuy la ca'p thap nha't nhflng lai la tang sau nha't ma sfl van hanh cua the che chinh tri tfl vi md
phai tac dpng tdi, la (£a chi quan trpng nha't ma mpi chi thi, nghi quye't, chu trfldng, dfldng Id'i, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nfldc phai tim den, phai bang moi each td chflc, tuyen truyen, van dpng lam cho dan hieu, dan tin, dan lam. Cd sd cung khdng chi la cap thflc hien chflc nang lanh dao va quan ly cua Nha nfldc ma cdn la ndi diln ra cac hdat dpng tfl quan cua cong dong xa hpi, quan ly vdi tfl quan dan xen vao nhau, cac the che quan ly, phap luat nha nfldc va cac quy flde ciia thdn, lang, a'p, ban ton tai song hanh vdi nhau. Cap cd sd la ndi chinh quyen trong long dan, can bp cd sd tfl dan ma ra, la cap cd nhieu ldi the va kha nang nhat de giam thieu xud'ng mflc tha'p nha't thdi quan lieu, hanh chinh, menh lenh, te hai tham d, tham nhung;
mat khac, can bd d cd sd la ngUdi sd tai, lam viec tai cd sd, hang ngay sinh sd'ng, lam viec va quan he trflc tiep vdi dan, bi chi phd'i, rang budc rat manh me bdi quan he hp hang, than tdc, bdi cac truyen thd'ng, phong tuc, tap quan, ldi sd'ng lang xa.
Theo Phap lenh 34/2007/PL-UBTVQH ngay 20/7/2007 cua Uy ban Thfldng vu Qudc hpi ve viec thflc hien dan chu d xa, phfldng, thi tra'n thi cd sd do chinh la xa - phfldng - thi tra'n, la cap cd sd cua quan ly nha nfldc trong do xa la ca'p cd sd d khu vflc ndng thdn.
Dan chii cfl sd la sfl phan anh vi the quyen liic cua nhan dan tren dia ban co sd.
Xa, phfldng, thi tra'n la ndi trflc tiep thflc hien dfldng Id'i cua Dang, chinh sach phap luat cua Nha nfldc, la ndi kiem nghiem mdt
'^' T r a n Thi Hong Thiiy, Ngo Van Nhan (dong chu bien. 2004), Tac dgng cua dU Iu$n xa hdi doi vdi y thdc phap Iuat cua doi ngu can bg cap cd sd, Nxb Tu phap.
Ha Noi, tr.58.
Sd 7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHH
PHAT HUY DAN CH^ CO Sd 6 VIET NAM HIEN N ^ i each chinh xac nha't dUdng 161 cua Dang trong cac linh vile chinh tri, kinh te, van hda trong thflc tiln khach quan. Thiic hanh va phat huy dan chu d cap xa la toan bd qua trinh hien thiic hoa cac quyen the hien sfl tham gia cua cdng dan vao chu trinh thiic hien quyen liic tai cfl sd. Khi nghien cflu nhdm quyen nay thi dan chfl, vdi y nghia la quyen tu nhien td'i cao nha't cua con ngfldi dUdc thuc hien trfldc he't la d cd sd. Vdi tfl each chu the quyen Iflc, ngUdi dan tai cd sd cd quyen cd dai dien cua minh, cd quyen trflc tiep dfldc biet, dfldc ban, dfldc tham gia giai quyet va Idem tra giam sat mpi hoat ddng quyen luc dien ra tai cd sd. Nhfl vay, do bin chift ciia dan chii d cd sd la phat huy quyen lam chii mgi mat cua ngiidi dan d co sd nen dan chu cd sd la mdt phiiong thdc hdn hdp de thiic hien dan chii. Dan chu cO sd bao gdm trong no ca hinh thflc dan chu dai dien va hinh thflc dan chu trflc tiep, hudng tdi muc tieu hien thuc hoa quyen Iflc cua chfl nhan quyen Iflc tai dia ban cd sd. Ngoai ra, dan chu cd sd cdn the hien d quyen tham gia y kien vdi tfl each ca nhan vae cac va'n de nay sinh tai cd sd cd lien quan den quyen va ldi ich cua chinh hp, cua cac ca nhan khac hoac cua Nha nfldc. Theo dd, y kien cua mpt so' nha nghien cflu cho rang, tham gia ciing cd the dfldc xem la mot hinh thflc thUc hanh va phat huy dan chu mang dac thfl cua dan chu cd sd: "Thiic hien dan chd cO sd diigc thdng qua b&ng nhieu hinh thiic va phiidng phap khac nhau, cu the la dan chd triic tiep, dan chu dai dien va dan chii tham gia"^^\ 5 Viet Nam, thflc hien dan chfl cd sd dfldc bieu hien trfldc het d sfl tdn tai va hoat ddng cfla cac thie't che dai dien cua nhan dan, bao gdm Hpi ddng nhan dan ca'p
xa va cac doan the nhan dan. Day la cac thiet chd' do nhan dan lap ra va trflc tie'p uy quyd'n lUc nhan dan, thay mat nhan dan dd thflc hien quy§"n luc cua nhan dan. Thdng qua hoat dpng cua cac thiet che nay, ngfldi dan tham gia vao quan ly nha nfldc, quan ly xa hdi va kidm soat boat dpng cua nha nude, budc boat ddng quydn lUc nha nfldc van hanh trong quy dao phuc vu nhan dan. Tuy nhien, trong cac quy che dan chu d cd sd, chang han nhfl Quy che dan chfl ci xa, cd rat nhieu loai cdng viec can dfldc dfla ra trflng cd^u y kien cua nhan dan de cac cap cd tham quyen tham khao trudc khi quyet dinh. Ngoai loai hinh trUng cau y kid'n "di tham khao" cac quy che'cung da cd nhflng quy dinh viec lay y kie'n nhan dan cd "tinh chat quyet dinh". Hinh thflc la'y y kien nhan dan co tinh chat quyet dinh da dUdc quy dinh cu the trong quy che thuc hien dan chu d xa, cu the: (i) Chu trUdng va mflc ddng gdp xay dilng cd sd ha t^ng va cac cdng trinh phflc ldi cdng cdng (dien, dUdng, trUdng hpc, tram y te, nghia trang, cac cdng trinh van hoa, the thao);
(ii) Xay dUng hUdng udc, quy Udc lang van hda, ne'p sd'ng van minh, gifl gin an ninh trat tfl, bai trfl cac hu tuc, me tin di ddan, te nan xa hdi; (iii) Cac cdng viec trong npi bd cong ddng dan cfl thdn, phfl hdp vdi quy dinh cua phap luat hien hanh; (iv) Thanh lap Ban Giam sat cac cdng trinh xay dflng do dan ddng gdp; (v) To chflc bao v6 san xua't, kinh doanh gifl ^ n an ninh trat tfl, an toan giao thdng, ve sinh mdi trfldng va cac boat ddng khac tren dia ban xa, thdn".
'•^' Trdn Thi Hgng Thuy, Ngo Van Nhan (d6ng c h i bien, 2004), Tac dgng cua duluan xa bgi doi vdiy thdc phap luat cua dgi ngu can bo cdp ca sd, Nxb T u nhao
Ha Noi, tr.58. ' Q NHAN LOC KHOA HOC XAHOI
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Nhfl vay, mac dfl co sfl phan biet cac npi dung gifla dan chu trflc tie'p, dan chu dai di§n va dan chu tham gia nhflng dan chu trflc tiep la hinh thflc pho bien va dl thuc hien nha^t tai cd sd. Cac ndi dung "dan ban va quy^t dinh triic tiep" chinh la nhflng bieu hien cua dan chu trflc tiep thee nghia hep, cd dien nha't. Ben canh dd, cac npi dung "dan ban, biiu quyet, tham gia y kien de cap cd tham quySn quyet dinW va "dan tham gia kiem tra, giam saf la nhiing bieu hien cua dan chu trflc tie'p theo nghia rdng va dfldc sfl dung rdng rai d Viet Nam tfl trfldc de'n nay.
2. Thanh tiiu va nhuTng han c h ^ yeu kem trong phat huy dan chu ctf sd d Viet Nam hien nay
2.1. Thanh tirti phat huy dan chu ccf sd d Yiet Nam hien nay
2.1.1. Vexay diing thi chi'dan chu cO sd Trong thdi gian gan day, nhieu van de hdn quan den to chflc va hoat dpng cua cac thiet che bao dam quyen lam chu, quyen tfl quye't cua nhan dan dfldc quy dinh trong cac van ban quy pham phap luat cd gia tri phap ly cao nhfl: Hie'n phap, Luat Bau cfl dai bieu Quo'c hpi, Luat B^u cfl dai bieu HDND, Luat Td chflc HDND va Uy ban nhan dan (UBND), Luat Da't dai, Luat Mat tran Td quo'c (MTTQ) Viet Nam, Luat Hda giai cd sd, Luat Khieu nai, Luat Te' cad, Luat can bd, cdng chflc (CBCC), Luat Thanh tra, Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhiing, Luat Thflc hanh tie't kiem, cho'ng lang phi... Dac biet ban Hie'n phap nam 2013 da danh da'u mdt budc tie'n mdi trdng lich sfl lap hien nfldc ta ve de cao quyen Iflc cua nhan dan va quyen lam chu cua nhan dan. Hie'n phap da xac dinh phfldng thflc cu the de nhan dan thflc hien quyen Iflc cua minh dd'i vdi xa hdi va
nguyen tac nhan dan sfl dung quyen luc nha nude; quy dinh cu the viec nhan dan bau ra ngudi dai didn cho y chi va nguyen vpng cua minh lam dai bieu Qudc hdi; de cao quyen con ngUdi, quyen cdng dan.
Nen tang de thflc hien phap luat ve dan chii d ca'p xa vin la Phap lenh Thflc hien dan chu d xa, phfldng, thi tra'n nam 2007.
Phap lenh nam 2007 va cac van ban hfldng dan thi hanh la sfl the che tfldng ddi day du 04 nhdm quyen cfla ngfldi dan trong viec thflc hien dan chu cd sd: (i) quyen cua ngfldi dan ban va true tie'p quye't dinh; (ii) quyen cua ngfldi dan ban, bieu quyet de cap cd tham quyen quyet dinh; (iii) quyen cua ngfldi dan tham gia y kien trfldc khi cd quan cd tham quyen quye't dinh; (iv) quyen giam sat cua ngfldi dan trong viec thflc hien quyen Iflc nhan dan tai cd sd. Phap lenh quy dinh chi tie't va cu the hdn nhieu ve cac hinh thflc thflc hien dan chu d cd sd ciing nhfl vai trd, trach nhiem cua cac cd quan va ca nhan trong he thd'ng cd quan chinh quyen ca'p xa. Diem nha'n rat dang lflu y la Phap lenh nam 2007 da chi ra vai trd, nhiem vu cua Mat tran To quo'c Viet Nam va cac td chflc chinh tri, xa hpi trong tinh hinh mdi, dd la nang cao trach nhiem cua Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va cac td chflc thanh vien trong viec giam sat va phan bien xa hpi, nha't la giam sat boat ddng cua chinh quyen cd sd, bao dam quyen tfl do dan chu cua ngfldi dan ngay tfl cd sd.
2.1.2. Vexay diing va van hanh cac thii't che thiic hien dan chd cd sd
Theo danh gia chung dfldc neu trong Ke't luan so' 65-KL/TW cua Ban Bi thfl ngay 04/3/2010, sau hdn 10 nam thflc hien Chi thi Sd 30-CT/TW cua Bp Chinh tri (khda
SO 7-2019 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO S 6 6 VIET NAM HIEN i VIII) ve xay dflng va thuc Men Quy che d a n chii cd sd, "cap uy, chinh quyen, m a t t r a n , doan t h e cac ca'p da co n h i e u bien p h a p chi dao, trien k h a i sau rpng, lam chuyen bie'n tich cUc ve n h a n thflc, q u a n diem, c h u trUdng cua Dang, p h a p l u a t cua N h a nfldc ddi vdi viec xay dflng va thflc hien Quy che d a n chu cd sd... D a n chu va thflc h a n h d a n chu xa hdi chu nghia d nfldc ta, nha't la d a n chu trflc tie'p cua n h a n d a n ti§'p tuc dfldc coi trpng, t a n g cudng. Xay dflng va thUc hien Quy che d a n chu d cd sd da gdp p h ^ n ddi mdi phfldng thflc, n a n g cao n a n g luc l a n h dao cua Dang, q u a n ly, dieu h a n h cfla N h a nfldc; ddi mdi ndi dung, phUdng thflc hdat ddng cua m a t tran, cac doan t h e n h a n dan;
p h a t huy t i n h tidn phong, gfldng mEu, cha'n chinh phong each, l l ldi l a m viec cua can bd, cdng chflc theo hudng sat dan, trpng d a n va p h a t huy quyen lam chu cua n h a n dan, dap flng nguyen vpng chinh dang cua cac t a n g ldp n h a n dan; gdp p h a n quan trpng trong phdng ngfla, n g a n chan t i n h t r a n g q u a n heu, t h a m nhung, lang phi; t a n g cUdng doan ke't, ddng t h u a n xa hdi, cung cd' mdi q u a n he m a u thit gifla Dang, N h a nude vdi n h a n dan; ehd'ng lai cac a m mUu ldi dung d a n chu, d a n tdc, tdn giao, p h a hoai khdi dai doan ket toan d a n tpc".
Cac ca'p uy dang cd sd da khdng ngflng ddi mdi ndi dung, phUdng thflc hoat dpng, t a n g cfldng sfl l a n h dao toan dien ddi vdi mpi boat dpng cfla he thd'ng chinh tri d cd sd. Tinh t r e n p h a m vi ca nfldc, da cd 100%
cac huyen, t h i xa, t h a n h phd' t h a n h lap B a n chi dao thUc hien Quy che d a n chu va xay dflng quy che boat dpng; cd 100% xa, phfldng, t h i tra'n bd'tri ddng chi Bi thfl, Phd Bi thfl hoac U y vien Thudng vu kiem Trfldng B a n chi dao. He thd'ng td chflc Chi
bd D a n g va cac doan t h e dfldc sap xep lai theo md h i n h thdn, budn, lang, td d a n phd, d a m bao sfl l a n h dao trflc tiep cua chi bd doi vdi cac chi hpi, chi doan vdi phfldng c h a m xay d u n g Dang, chinh quyen trong sach vflng m a n h , p h a t h u y sfle m a n h dai doan ket toan dan, t a n g cfldng trien k h a i thflc hien Quy che d a n c h u d cd sd ve d a n bie't, d a n ban, d a n lam, d a n Idem t r a .
Ca'p c h i n h q u y e n cd sd d a doi mdi phong each l a m viec t h e o h u d n g g a n d a n , s a t dan hdn; t d n t r p n g , l i n g n g h e va t i e p t h u y kie'n, n g u y e n vpng c h i n h d a n g c u a n h a n d a n , c h a m lo d e n q u y e n , ldi ich h d p p h a p cua n h a n d a n ; g i a i q u y e t k i p t h d i nhiing vfldng m a c cua n h a n d a n ; d a y m a n h cdng t a c cai each t h u t u c h a n h c h i n h theo cd che mdt ciia. C h i n h q u y e n cd sd cung nhfl cac cd q u a n , td chflc da gdn viec t h u c hidn d a n chu cd sd vdi viec thflc h i e n cac k^
hoach, chfldng t r i n h p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, xa hpi, xay dflng cd sd h a t a n g , xoa ddi giam ngheo va n a n g cao ddi sd'ng cua ngfldi dan, ngfldi lao dpng. B e n c a n h dd c h i n h quydn cd sd cung d a g a n ke't viec thflc h i e n dan chu cd sd vdi viec p h a t t r i e n v a n hda, nang cao ddi so'ng t i n h t h a n cua ngUdi dan, ngUdi lao dpng.
Vai trd cua M a t t r a n To qud'e Viet Nam va mdi q u a n h e gifla chinh quyen cd sd vdi M a t t r a n Td qud'e Viet N a m va cac doan the dUdc t a n g cUdng; quyen va nghia v u cua cdng dan dupc thUc hien td't hdn; v a i trd tfl quan cua cdng ddng d a n cu ngay cang p h a t huy hieu q u a va dUdc khfing dinh. M a t t r a n Td qud'e Viet N a m va cac doan t h e da ddi mdi ndi d u n g va phUdng phap boat ddng, t h e hien rd t r a c h nhiem nhU: True tiep suih boat, trao ddi va cung vdi n h a n d a n t h a o gd nhflng khd k h a n , vudng mac d cd sd, dpng NHAN LUC KHOA HOC X A H H
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vien doan vien, hpi vien va cac tl,ng ldp nhan dan tich cfle tham gia cac cupc van dpng, cac phong trao thi dua yeu nfldc d cd sd. Ben canh d6, Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va cac doan the cdn tham gia giam sat hoat dpng cua chinh quyen cd sd, gdp ph^n quan trpng trong xay dflng va cung cd' hd tho'ng chinh tri vflng manh, xay dflng cdng ddng dan cfl tU quan d thdn, lang, td dan phd', lam thay ddi bd mat ndng thon, thanh thi.
Ban Thanh tra nhan dan dUdc thanh lap d xa, phfldng, thi tra'n, cd quan nha nfldc, ddn vi sfl nghiep, ddanh nghiep nha nfldc de giam sat viec thflc hien chinh sach, phap luat, viec giai quyet khieu nai, td' cao, viec thflc hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd, gdp phan phat huy dan chu, da'u tranh chdng tham nhung, tieu cfle, bao ve quyen va ldi ich hdp phap cua cdng dan, cd quan, td chflc. De'n nay da cd 100% cac xa, phfldng, thi tra'n da cd Ban Thanh tra nhan dan (vdi tren 12.400 ban va 81.250 thanh vien). Treng nhflng nam qua, Ban Thanh tra nhan dan dfldc tich cfle hoan thien ve mat the che, thiet che va cac didu kien bao dam da tang cfldng phd'i hdp vdi td chflc Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam, cac doan the nhan dan va cd quan chflc nang cua Nha nfldc thflc hien cd hidu qua cd chS^ "dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiim tra", tao lap khdng khi dan chu, minh bach nham huy dpng rdng rai cac ngudn Iflc cho d^u tu xay dflng ndng thdn mdi, nang cao ddi sd'ng vat cha't, tinh th^n cho nhan dan. Viec Thanh tra nhan dan tham gia tiep nhan, giai quyet, kien nghi, khieu nai, td' cao cfla nhan dan da gdp ph^n quan trpng khfic phuc nhflng vu viec phat sinh phflc tap tfl cd sd.
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Hieu flng tich cfle cua viec thflc hien kha tdt dan chu d ca'p xa da dUdc lan tda. Hoat ddng cua cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen.
Mat tran Td qudc, doan the nhan dan ca'p cd sd va le ldi lam viec cua dpi ngu can bd, cdng chflc ca'p xa tren dia ban cd sd ca nude da dan di vao ne ne'p, dn dinh va tuan theo cac quy che, quy dinh, quy trinh cu the. Cac xa, phfldng, thi tra'n da can cfl vao phap luat va tinh hinh thflc te cua dia phfldng de tien hanh ra sdat, sfla doi, bo sung hoac xay dflng mdi cac quy che, quy dinh lien quan den viec thflc hien dan chu d cap xa theo titng linh vflc cu the, tap trung vao cac boat dpng chinh d cd sd nhu Quy che lam viec cua Dang uy. Hoi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan, Mat tran Td quo'c ca'p xa va cac doan thd nhan dan; Quy che' quan ly, sfl dung da't dai, tai chinh, xay dUng cd ban;
Quy chd' gifl gin an ninh trat tfl, bao ve mdi trfldng, quan ly giao thdng, sfl dung didn d cac xa thdn; Quy che tiep dan va giai quye't ddn thu khieu nai, to' cao cfla cdng dan; Quy che' thflc hien "cd che mot cfla" ve giai tda mat bang lam dudng giao thdng va xay dflng khu cdng nghiep, xay dflng hUdng Udc, quy flde lang van hda; Quy dinh ve viec cfldi, viec tang... O nhieu ndi da thflc hien hieu qua cd che "mdt cfla", "mdt cfla hen thdng", td chflc tiep dan, giai quye't cac khi§'u nai cua dan va flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong cac cd quan quan ly nha nfldc, gdp ph^n khac phuc viec gay phien ha dan va giam bdt thdi gian giao dich va tid't kiem chi phi cho ngan sach; ngfldi dan thdng qua td chflc Mat tran To qud'e Viet Nam gop y va bd phie'u tin nhiem Chu tich HDND va Chu tich UBND; Thflc hien cdng khai, minh bach cac ngudn quy do nhan dan ddng gdp, cdng khai cac dfl an, cdng
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdl Q
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO S 6 6 VIET NAM H I E N NAY t r i n h cd lien q u a n de'n p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e -
xa hpi, xay dflng nong t h d n mdi; cac cd q u a n n h a nudc cdng k h a i niem yet t h u t u c h a n h chinh, t h u a n tien cho ngfldi d a n .
2.1.3. Ve tao lap cac dieu kien thiic hien dan chu co sd
Cd t h e k h a n g dinh, hien n a y Viet N a m dang cd mdi tnidng chinh tri tUdng ddi t h u a n ldi cho viec d a m bao thflc hien d a n chu cd sd. Dang va N h a nfldc t a ludn xac dinh p h a t huy d a n chu t r e n cac p h a m vi khdng gian khac n h a u cua d a t nUdc la b a n chat va muc tieu cua che dp xa hdi ta, la ddng lUc ciia su nghiep xay d u n g da't nUdc, vi vay chinh sach n h a t q u a n cua N h a nfldc Viet N a m la p h a t huy d a n chu, tdn trpng va bao d a m quyen con ngfldi, t h e hien bSng luat phap, b a n g cac chinh sach cu the trdng cac h n h vflc cua ddi sd'ng xa hpi. N h a nfldc p h a p quydn xa hpi chu ngbia dupc xay dflng va ngay cang hoan thien. Noi b a t la vai trd ciia Qud'e hpi trdng viec thUc hien chflc n a n g giam sat boat ddng cua cd q u a n n h a nUdc, viec bao d a m tinh dpc lap cua he thd'ng t u p h a p , hieu qua cfla he thd'ng cd q u a n dieu t r a n h a nfldc cung n h u vai trd ngay cang t a n g cua cac td chflc chuyen mdn n h u Doan L u a t su, Hpi L u a t gia, cd q u a n Cdng chflng, Thfla p h a t lai... Mac dfl, hieu qua hoat dpng cua bd may n h a nfldc dUdc d a n h gia khdng cao nhUng so vdi cac nUdc ba't dn t r o n g k h u vflc t h i dfldc xem la td't. Mflc dp m i n h bach hda cac boat ddng cua N h a nude tflng bflde dfldc cai thien. Mflc dp dn dinh chinh t r i d a t d mflc ly tfldng so vdi cac nude t r o n g k h u vflc. Vi t h e cua cac td chflc, doan t h e xa hpi, gidi t r u y e n t h d n g trong viec thflc dliy d a n chu, n h a n quyen ngay cang dUdc n a n g cao t h d n g q u a viec t a n g cfldng vai t r e giam sat, p h a n bien xa hdi cua cac
Dl
U U C KHOA HOC XAHOIthie't che n a y theo n g u y e n t a c p h a p quyen.
T r e n t h u e te, mdi trfldng tfl do cho b o a t ddng cua cdng d a n n g a y cang dfldc md r d n g hdn. T r e n b i n h dien t e a n xa hdi, khdng k h i d a n chu, cdi md cd mflc dp l a n tda n h a n h .
T r e n binh dien p h a p ly, Hien p h a p n a m 2013 da t h e che hda cac nguyen tac va ndi d u n g d a n chu t h a n h cac quy d i n h l a m cd sd cho viec b a n h a n h cac chinh sach, p h a p luat cu t h e de hien t h u e hda d a n chu t r o n g thuc t i l n ddi sdhg xa hpi. H $ thd'ng l u a t che dinh cac quyen d a n c h u cd b a n cua con ngfldi dang dfldc h d a n t h i e n d a n va dac biet phat trien tfl s a u k h i b a n h a n h b a n Hie'n phap n a m 2013. Ve cd b a n , dieu kien p h a p ly trflc tiep phuc v u d a n c h u cd sd da cd sfl tie'n bd ro ret, t h e hien t r e n rapt so' mat: (1) Mdi q u a n he p h a p ly gifla n h a nfldc va cdng dan trong cac q u a n h e p h a p l u a t eu t h e t h e hidn ngay cang b i n h d a n g hdn ve quyen va nghia vu, t r a c h nhiem. Xu t h e d a n c h u h d a xa hpi va boat ddng cua N h a nUdc ngay cang dfldc n a n g cao; (2) H i e n p h a p va p h a p l u a t cua nfldc t a cd n h i e u quy dinh de cao trach n h i e m cfla N h a nude trong viec phuc vu n h a n dan; thfla n h a n , tdn trpng, bao ve va bao dam thuc hien t r e n thflc t e quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan; (3) Hien p h a p va p h a p luat ghi n h a n day du hdn phfldng thflc thUe hien d a n c h u cua n h a n d a n b a n g dan chu trUc tiep, d a n chu dai dien, t^o didu kien t h u a n ldi hdn dd n h a n d a n trUe tiep hoac gian tie'p kiem soat quyen lUc n h a nfldc ed hieu qua.
Td'c dp thflc day n h a n h nha't trong viec tao lap cac dieu kien d a m bao thUc hien dan chu ndi chung, d a n chfl cd sd ndi rieng d nude t a n a m trong linh vuc kinh t§'. Nhd cdng cupc ddi mdi va dudng ldi xay dung n e n k i n h te thi t r u d n g dinh hudng xa hpi chu
807-2019
nghia, toe dp tang trfldng kinh te cua Viet Nam dat d mflc cao hen tuc trong hdn mot thap ky qua. Sau hdn 30 nam doi mdi, thu nhap binh quan dau ngfldi da tang ga'p hdn 5 lin, ty Id hd ngheo theo chuan quo'c gia giam an tfldng, d mflc 4 lan (tfl 60% xud'ng cdn 13,8%). Chuan ngheo qudc gia cua Vi$t Nam tflng bflde dfldc nang len va dang din tiep can vdi chuan ngheo quo'c te. Hdi nhap kinh te qud'e te ciing giflp cho Viet Nam tiep can dfldc vdi nhflng thanh tflu cua nen kinh te tri thflc. Cd sd ha tang ve cdng nghe thdng tin thap song lai la linh vflc cd ty le phat trien nhanh chdng, ddng gdp mdt phan cho sfl ra ddi cua rapt kenh phan bien xa hdi mdi. Tang trfldng kinh te d nfldc ta diln ra trong trang thai tUdng ddi an toan, chfla gap phai khung hoang kinh te tram trpng, mac dfl rapt tfldng quan hdp ly gifla tang trfldng kinh te va phat trien ben vflng chfla dfldc xac lap tren binh dien tean xa hdi. NhU vay, mdi trUdng kinh te cua Viet Nam ehUa thuc sU dn dinh va du dp manh, ehUa phai la mdi trfldng ly tfldng dam bao thflc hien that to' dan chu cd sd nhflng da cd nhieu diem sang. Dac biet, td'c dp hinh thanh cac dieu kien kinh te tang nhanh da cho phep duy tri mpt tinh than lae quan trong viec thu hep khoang each bat cap gifla trang thai kinh te hien hanh vdi yeu cau tao lap nen tang kinh te can thie't cho muc tieu bao dam td't nha't dan chu, nhan quyen.
2.2. Nhiing han che, yeu kem trong phat huy dan chu cd sd & nddc ta hien nay
Mac du cd nhiJng thanh tflu a'n tfldng tren, song phat huy dan chu cd sd d nfldc ta hidn nay con tdn tai kha nhieu bat cap, ban che, cu the:
2.2.1. Phap luat thiic hien dan chu cO sd con thieu va lac hau
Phap luat ve thUe hien dan chu cd sd Men dang tMeu tinh ddng bd va toan dien, trong kM nMeu quy dinh lai chUa cu the, khd ap dung, cu the: (i) TMeu nhiing quy dinh cu the, minh bach nen ngudi dan khdng CO kha nang tiep can diy du thdng tin de thflc Men quyen nang cua minh, nMeu dia phfldng thflc Men viec cdng khai mdt each "cMeu le"; (ii) Chua xac dinh dung tinh cha't efla mdt so' viec nhan dan ban, bieu quye't trUdc kM cap cd tham quyen quye't dinh; (iii) ChUa quy dinh theo ddi, Idem tra va danh gia viee chinh quyen ca'p xa trien khai thUe hien dan chu d cd sd nhu the nao, cd dung quy dinh phap luat khdng?; (iv) ChUa de cap sU giam sat ddc lap viec thflc Men dan chu d cd sd bdi cac to chflc xa hdi dan sfl khac ngoai Mat tran Td quo'c Viet Nam?; (v) Chua quy dinh xfl ly cac vi pham phap Mat hen quan de'n edng tac thflc hien dan chu d ca'p xa?; (vi) Ngudn kinh phi cM cho hoat ddng thflc Men dan chu ed sd vin chfla dUdc quan tam dflng mflc?; (vii) Cac van ban hudng dan tM hanh tren cac linh vflc eu the (xay dung cdng trinh cdng cdng, bd pMeu tin nMem cac chflc danh ca'p xa, biu trfldng thon, thanh tra nhan dan, giam sat dau tfl cdng ddng...) chfla phu hdp; (viii) Hudng Ude/Quy Udc dang dfldc xay dflng theo phong trao, khdng cd cd che giam sat thflc Men?; (ix) xu hfldng Mat hda Hfldng Udc dang diln ra ngay cang phd bien.
2.2.2. Vai trd cua cac thiet che trong phat huy dan chu d ca sd con han che
Nhin mdt each tong the, Men tai, md Mnh he thd'ng cM'nh tri cd sd vdi cae thiet che hdp thanh la cau true nhd nha't trong NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA Hdi Q |
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO SCJ 6 VIET NAM HIEN i md binh td ehflc va v a n h a n h cua he thoiig cMnh tri Viet N a m dUdc ap d u n g chung t r e n dia b a n ca nUde, dUdc td chflc va v a n h a n h theo khudn m i u chung cua he thd'ng cMnh tri. Viec ap dung thd'ng nha't mpt each may mdc md Mnh td chflc va cd che v a n h a n h cua he thd'ng cM'nh tri eho t a t ca cac ddn vi cd sd d nfldc t a la thieu thuc te', chUa p h a t huy dUdc b e t ldi t h e trong h u y dpng sfle m a n h eua ed sd, t h a m cM trong chflng mUc n h i t dinh cdn cd t h e gay trd Iflc cho p h a t trien kinh t e - xa hpi va thflc hien d a n chu tai ed sd.
Ve" phiidng dien to chdc, cac tMe't che t h a m gia thflc Men Men d a n chu cd sd tdn tai trong t r a n g t h a i lien ket tfldng ddi long vdi cap tren va trong mdi tfldng q u a n khdng thUc sfl t h u a n cMeu vdi eae ye'u te' cua xa hpi t u q u a n t r u y e n thd'ng. T r a n g t h a i h e n ke't long nay thd Men ro n h i t trong boat dpng cua M a t t r a n To Qud'e va cac doan t h e n h a n dan tai cd sd.
Ve phiidng dien hoat dgng, v i n chfla ed sU ddi mdi m a n g t i n h dot pha, lam b a n che eac quyen d a n chu cua ngudi dan, dac biet la nhiing npi dung: (i) Nhdng ndi dung cdng khai di nhan dan biet ddi khi cdn chiia den diidc vdi mgi ngudi dan. Ve viec chinh quyen dia phUdng p h a i thdng tin ve quyet toan t h u - cM cac quy, dfl an, cac khoan ddng gdp xay dflng cd sd h a t a n g d thdn, td d a n phd', c6 mpt so' ndi trien k h a i chfla chu dao, tMeu cdng k h a i eu t h e eho d a n biet; (ii) Nhiing ngi dung do nhan dan ban va quye't dinh tnic tiep van cdn mdt sd'ton tai. Ddi Iflc, ddi ndi, cMnh quyen dia phfldng tfl quyet dinh nhflng npi dung ma le r a phai do d a n b a n va quyd't dinh, d a n de'n vi p h a m quyen d a n chfl cua n h a n dan; (m) Nhiing ndi dung nhan dan tham gia y kie'n trfldc kM cd q u a n
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOCXA HOI
cd t h a m quyen quyet dinh, cung cdn nhiing b a n che, b i t cap. (3 nMeu ndi, nhieu cho v i n con m a n g can b e n h d a n chu h i n h thflc;
(iv) Viic nhan dan thiic hiin quyen giam sat la khau yeu han ca trong viec thUc hien dan chu d cd sd. H i u he't mpi cdng viec dfldc giam s a t thdng q u a hdat ddng ciia Ban T h a n h t r a n h a n d a n va B a n giam s a t cdng ddng song r a t h i n h thflc, ye'u kem; (v) Cac dia phiidng dang co xu hiidng biin thie't chi' tnidng thon/to tnidng to dan phd'thanh mot cap chinh quyen tai cap xa va khdng cd sfl xay dflng h n h hoat, khoa hpc t r o n g md hinh td ehfle tMet che n a y de phfl hdp vdi dieu kien thfle tien cua cac vung, mien, dac diem d a n cfl...
2.2.3. Nhan thiic cua nhan dan vS cac quyen lam chu cda ngiidi dan d cd sd cOng nhii hieu biit ve phap luat thiic hien din chu cd sd chiia thiic sii day du.
Tren thUc te, n h a n thfle p h a p l u a t vd dan chu cua ngudi d a n cdn h a n che, khdng ddng deu. NMeu ngfldi d a n v i n chfla bie't den cac van ban, cMnh sach, p h a p Mat ve thflc Mdn d a n chu d cd sd. Theo k e t q u a dieu tra xa hdi hpc cua tac gia N g u y i n Hdng Chuyen, cM ed 55,58% ngudi d a n dfldc hdi t r a ldi r a n g hp n a m b i t dfldc p h a n Idn ndi dung p h a p Mat ve thflc Men d a n e h u d cd sd va n a m b i t dfldc nhiing npi d u n g chinh cua p h a p luat ve thUe Men d a n c h u d cd sd.
27,5% ngudi d a n dUde hdi cho biet hp chi n a m b a t dUdc mdt so' npi dung m a n h a n dan duoc b a n va quyet dinh, t h a m gia y Mdn trudc kM Cd q u a n cd t h i m quyen quye't dinh hoac dUdc giam sat; 13,54% cM n i m dUdc mpt so' it npi d u n g m a n h a n d a n dfldc b a n va quye't dinh true tie'p, va 3,38% h i u nhfl khdng n i m dUdc ndi dung cua p h a p Mat ve thuc Men d a n chu d cd sd. Khong eM co
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ngfldi dan ma ngay ca mdt so can bd, cdng chflc ca'p xa ciing tMeii Meu biS't phap Mat vd thflc Men dan chu d cd sd**.
3. Mot so giai phap tiep tuc phat huy dan chu d ctf sd of Viet Nam trong thdfi gian tdi
3.1. Tiep tuc hoan tbien phap luat ve dan chu ccfsdf
3.1.1. Xay dling, ban hanh Luat Thiic hiin dan chd dxa, phiidng, thi tran
Ve cd ban, da cd sfl thd'ng nhat cao ve nhu ciu ban hanh Luat Thflc M§n dan chu d xa, phfldng, thi tran tren cd sd nang Phap lenh thflc Men dan chu d xa, phfldng, thi tran thanh Luat vdi sfl sfla doi, bo sung nMiu diem can ban, cu the:
Ke thijfa, tiep thu dfldc nhflng quy pham phap Mat phu hdp, da dUdc thflc tien kidm ngMem trong qua trinh thflc Men nhflr^ nam qua;
Dam bao sU tUdng thich vdi eae nguyen tie Hien phap nam 2013, cac quy dinh cua Luat To chflc Chinh quyen dia phfldng nam 2015 (dang dfldc sfla ddi, bd simg) va cac van ban hien hanh vd td chflc bp may nha nudc;
- Md rpng hdn nfla npi dung cac quyen dan chu cua nhan dan, trao cho nhan dan dia phfldng quyen dUdc ban va quye't dinh trflc tiep nMeu hdn cac va'n de, npi dung lien quan tMe't thflc den cac van de kinh te - xa hpi va ldi ich chur^ cua cong ddng theo phfldng cham "dan bie't, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra, dan quye't dinh' nhfl: (i) Bo sung them cac Mnh thflc cdng khai nhiing npi dung nhan dan phai dfldc biet; (ii) Nhan dan dfldc tham gia bd pMeii tin nMem doi vdi Chu tich, Phd Chu tich HDND va Chu tich, Phd Chu tich UBND ca'p xa; (m) Bo sung quy dinh ve theo ddi, Mem tra va danh
gia viec chinb quyen cap xa trien khai thflc Men phap Mat ve dan chfl cd sd; (iv) Bd sung quy dinh ve vai trd cua cac td chflc xa hdi trong giam sat ddc lap viec thflc M§n dan chu d cap xa; (v) Bd sung quy dinh ve trach nMem ca nhan cua nhiing can bd lanh dao chu chd't, it nhat la cac chflc danh Bi thfl Dang uy, Chu tich HDND, Chu tich UBND ca'p xa trdng td chflc thflc Men phap Mat dan chu cd sd...
3.1.2. Xac lap sii dong bg cua cac van ban phap luat cd hen quan den dan chu cd sd
Thd nhat, xay diing va ban hanh Luat ve giam sat ciia nhan dan vdi sii tham gia tnic tie'p cua nhan dan va cac to chdc chinh tn - xa hgi, xa hgi cua ngiidi din
De xuat xay dflng va ban hanh Luat ve giam sat ciia nhan dan van dang la van de mang tinh thdi sfl cap bach.Trong Luat nay, cac va'n de ve tham quyen, linh vflc, ndi dung, hinh thflc, thu tuc giam sat cua nhan dan cin dflpc xac dinh rd. Cac quy dinh cin bao dam quyen kiem tra, giim sat cua cdng dan trong viec xay dflng cMnh sach, phap Mat la viec tien hanh thfldng xuyen. Tren cd sd dd, cin cd nhflng hfldng dan thflc hien quy trinh, thu tuc tie'n hanh ddi vdi tiing hinh thflc kiem tra, giam sat nhfl: Tie'p xuc cfl tri; Cha't van dai bieu cd quan dan cfl; Ddi thoai trflc tiep gifla cac cap lanh dao Dang va cMnh quyen nha nfldc vdi ngfldi dan;
Thd hai, nghien cdu xay diing phap Iuat vephan bien xa hgi
Ciing gid'ng nhfl Luat ve giam sat cua
'•" N g u y i n Hong Chuyen (2014), ThUc hien phap luit ve dan chu d cdp xa theo yeu cau xSy dUngnha niidc phap quyen xa hgi chu nghia Viet Nam, Lulln a n tien si L u a t hpc, Hoc vien Chinh tri - H a n h chinh quo'c gia Ho Chi Minh, Ha Noi,
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q
PHAT HUY DAN CHU CO S d 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY n h a n dan, yeu c i u xay dflng p h a p M a t ve
p h a n bien xa hpi da dfldc de cap de'n tfl k h a lau nhUng chd de'n n a y v a n ehUa cd dupc k h u n g p h a p ly c i n t h i e t . De p h a n bien xa hdi sdm dupe tien h a n h n h u mdt h i n h thflc d a n chu m a n g t i n h trflc tiep rd net v a hidu q u a hdn t r o n g ddi sd'ng xa hdi t a i cd sd, ddi hdi p h a i n h a n h chdng n g h i e n cflu va b a n h a n h p h a p M a t ve v a n de n a y . Budc d i u tien eua q u a t r i n h h o a n t h i e n linh vUc p h a p Mat dd bao gom ca nhflng t h e che lien q u a n va nhflng t h e ehe trflc tid'p ve p h a m vi ddi tflpng, ndi d u n g cua p h a n Men xa hpi, t r i n h tfl tie'n h a n h p h a n bien xa hdi; gia t r i p h a p ly va xfl ly k e t q u a p h a n Men xa hpi.
3.2. Tang cddng vai tro cua cac thiet che trong he thong chinh tri cd sd va cac thiet che xa hgi khac trong phat huy thitc hien dan chu cdsd
De t a n g cUdng vai trd cua he thd'ng cM'nh tri ed sd va cac thiet che xa hdi khac, c i n trien khai cac bien p h a p cu the sau:
- T a n g cudng su l a n h dao cua ca'p uy d a n g vdi viee t h u c Men p h a p Mat ve d a n chu d xa, phudng, thi t r a n t r e n dia b a n cd sd. ca'p uy D a n g tai cd sd p h a i xae d i n h viee l a n h dao, cM dao cdng tac thUc Men p h a p Mat ve d a n chu d xa, phudng, t h i tra'n la n h i e m vu cMnb tri co t a m q u a n t r p n g h a n g d a u ;
- Day m a n h cai each h a n h cMnh, cai each t u p h a p va cdng tac tie'p dan theo hudng d a n chu, ehd'ng quan h e u cfla quyen.
Thflc Men d i y du cic ndi d u n g "dan bie't, d a n ban", dpi ngu can bp cdng chflc va dai bieu Hpi ddng n h a n d a n phai thudng xuyen gap gd, ddi thoai, tiep t h u va kip thdi giai quye't cac v a n de dd cac ddn vi dong t r e n dia b a n va n h a n d a n d a t r a hoac dang r a t bflc Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
xuc. Cdng k h a i cM tiet ta't ca cac khoan t h u de n h a n d a n ed dieu Men giam sat. Dinh k^
tdng ke't thflc t i l n , r u t M n h ngMem, xd ly ngMem m i n h cac h a n h vi vi p h a m p h a p Mat ve d a n chfl;
- T a n g CUdng vai trd cua M a t t r a n To qud'e va eae td chflc doan t h e d ddn vi cd sd trong thflc h a n h d a n chu. C a n sdm khac phuc t m h t r a n g h a n h ehinh hda; p h a t huy m a n h me vai trd nong ed't t a p hdp, doan ket n h a n dan, t h a m gia xay dflng Dang, chinh quyen trong sach, vflng m a n h ; n a n g eao Meu q u a hoat dpng cua B a n T h a n h tra n h a n d a n va B a n Giam s a t d i u tfl cua cong ddng. C a n cd mot cd che tho'ng nha't de to chflc, q u a n ly va p h a t h u y chflc n a n g nMem v u cua B a n T h a n h t r a n h a n d a n va Ban Giam s a t d i u tU cua cdng ddng trong thdi gian tdi.
TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. V.LLemn, Toan tap, t a p 42, Nxb.
CMnh t n qud'e gia. H a Ndi, tr.304.
2. T r a n T h i H d n g Thfly, Ngo Van N h a n (ddng c h u bien) (2004), Tac ddng cua du luan xa hgi dd'i vdi y thdc phap lu$t cua ddi ngu can bg cap cd sd, N x b . Tfl p h a p . H a Npi.
3. T r a n T h i H o n g Thfly, Ngp V a n N h a n (ddng c h u bien, 2004), Tac dong cua dd luan xa hgi dd'i vdi y thdc phap luat cua ddi nga can bg cap cd sd, Nxb. T u phap, H a Npi.
4. N g u y i n Hdng Chuyen (2014), "Thflc Men p h a p M a t vd d a n chu d ca'p xa theo yeu cau xay d u n g n h a nudc p h a p q u y e n xa hpi c h u ngMa Viet Nam", Luan an tii'n si Luat hgc, Hpe vien C M n h tri - H a n h cMnh quoc gia Hd CM Minh, H a Npi.
507-2019
