NGHIENCtfU-TRAOBOl
BAO DAM DAU TU CHO DOANH NGHIEP TRONG BOI CANH DICH BENH COVID-19
N G I YEN THUY D U N G
Titmg thdi gian qua, djch binh Covid-19 bdng phit vi diin biin rit phue tfp di inh hirdng ldn din tinh bmh kmh ti-xi bpi dbiu bit denude tiin tiiigidi. Viit Nam li mdt ttong nhdng qudc gia sdm dua ra dc biin pbip phdng chdng djch cung nhu dn dinh nin kinb ti qudcgia, tuy nhidn, inh hudng do djch binb cdng rit ning ni ddi vdl ho^t ddng cda doanh ngWft). Do viy, rit cin dupc CMih pbd, bd, nginh cddc biin phip bio dim diu tucbo doanh ngbiip di doanh ngiu^p tdng budc vupt qua thdi kf khd khin niy.
Tdkhda: Bio dim diu tu: doanh nghipp: dich binb Covid-19.
The outbreak and compUcated developments ofthe CovId-19 have recendy exerted big InSuence on the socio-economic situation of most countries in tbe world. Vietnam Is one of dbe countries that launched early measures to prevent and conttol the epiderruc as weU as stabilize the national economy. However, tbe epidemic has seriously affected tbe opera tion ofbusinesses. Therefore, tbe government, miiUstries and agencies should take measures to secure mvestment for busmesses so diat tbe latter could graduaUy overcome their diSculties.
Keywords: Secure investment: businesses: Covid-19 epidemic.
NGAYNHAN: 25/4/2020 NGAYPHANBI$N,DANHGIA: 15/5/2020 NGAYDUVtT: 11/6/2020
1. Nfii dung phip l u i t v i b i o d i m d i u t u sfi hthi tai sfa hpp phap; b i o dam boat dfing cho doanh nghifip kinh doanh, b i o d i m cg che giai quyet tranh Cic bifa p h i p b i o d i m dau tu (BDDT) chip p h i t sinh tu boat dpng dau tu; b i o d i m lufin dugc the bifa trong quy djnh p h i p luit quyen lpi cua n h i dau tu khi cfi nhflng thay ve d i u t u v i efi vai tto quan ttpng ttong viee ddi ve ehinh sich, phap luit; bao d i m vi$c thu hut dau tu, d i y cflng la nfii dung dugc chuydn lgi n h u i n v i Uiu n h i p h g p p h i p eic n h i d i u Wquan t i m khi co d u f a d i u tu. khic cua n h i d i u tu ra nufic ngoai. Ngoai ra, Hien nay, trong boi c f a b dich benh Covid- ddi vol nhung du i n quan trpng, Thti tufing 19 giy fab huong Ion dfa Ufa dd boat dfing Chmh phu quyet djnh viee b i o Itoh nghia vu cua eie d u fa d i u tu thi c i c bifa p b i p b i o thue hifa hgp ddng eua eo quan n h a nufie dam boat dpng dau t u tu phia X h i nuflc hoae doanh nghiep (DN) n h i nude tham gia cfag p h i t huy tfl vai tto cua minh. thuc bifa du fa dau tu.
Theo quy djnh tai Luit Diu tu nam 2014,
cac bifa phap BDDT gdm: b i o d i m quyfa * ThS, Tru&ng Dai hpc Hdng Dire
Q TAP CHl O U A N LY N H A NtftJC - S 6 293 (6/2020)
NGHieNCtfU-TRA006l Cic bien pbip BDDT la cfing cu tiie hifa
to nhit thii dp cua Nhi nude dfii vfii eic nhi dau m va du fa cua hp; dfing thfii the hien dupc Unh nhit qufa gifla phap luit ve diu tuva phip luat chuyen nginh khac, tit dp tao ta mfii mifag diu tu binh fin, se la "loi moi gpi diy hip dfa" vol cie nha diu tu, tit dfi nang cao hifa qui thu hut diu tu.
2. Cic chinh sich bio dim diu tu cho doanh nghidp trong bfii cinh dich b^nh Covid-19
a. Tic dpng cua dich hinh Covid-19 ddi vii boat dpng cua cic dpanh nghiip
Difa bidn phue tap eua dai djeh Covid- 19 di lim giin doan, ngung tre doi vfli nbie'u ho?t dpng sin xuit - kinh doanh vi boat dpng xi bpi tai nhlfa nfa kinh te tren the gidi; tinh trang thit nghidp ting cao, gii hang hfia, nguyen lieu lao dfic. Trong boi cinh dd, tai Viet Nam, djch bfinh Covid-19 Cling inh hufing Ifin den nen kinh te. Theo bio cio ve Unh hinh kinb te quy 1/2020, dai dich Covid-19 di tic dfing, inh huong nghiem ttpng dfa mpi linh vuc cua nen kinh tS - xi hfli ctia Viet Nam. Tfing GDP quy 1/2020 dat 3,82%, miic ting thip nhat 10 nim qua; ehi sd gii tifa dung (CPI) thfag 4/2020 giim 1,54% so vdi thing trufic. Vfin diu tu thpc hifa tit ngufin ngin sich nhi nudc difag 4/2020 tfag 0,8%, mtic tfag tiiap nhit cua giai doan 2016 - 2020. Vfin FDI thue hi^n 4 thfag dau nim 2020 giam 9,6%. Tong vdn diu tu nufic ngoii vio Viet Nam tinh dfa ngiy 20/3/2020 bao gfim von dang ky cip mfii, vfin dfag ky die~u chinb va gia trj gdp vfin, mua cd phfa cua nha diu tu nufic ngoii dat gfa 8,61^ USD, giim 20,9% so vdi cung ky nim ttufie'.
Ttong dd, cpng ddng DN Ii dfii tugng bj anh hufing true tiip vi nfag ne nhat, vfii siie ep vi canh ttanh, thanh lpc ngiy eang ldn, Uong khi ttinh dp ky tiiuit, efing nghe, he difing difa hinh, qufa tti eua eic DN nuoc ta nhm chung cfin ban ehe. Do viy, khi gap
phii "cu sfic kinh te" do Covid-19 giy ra, nlileu DN lo Ifag khi phai tiiu hep boat dfing sfa xuat, cie du fa diu tu bi tri tre, chuoi cung flng nguyen Ufa diu vio cflng nhu tieu thu dau ra cua san phfai hi khung hoang, dinh tre. Trong 4 thfag diu nim 2020, ci nufic efi 37.600 DN dfag ky thinh lap mfii, giim 13,2% vi giim 17,9% vfin dang ky, so DN tam ngimg kinb doanh efi thfii ban Ien tfii 22.700 DN, tfag 33,6%l Diy la mite tfag eao nhat ve sfi lucmg DN dfag ky tam ngtmg kinb doanh trong quy I giai doan 2015 - 2020, dieu niy phin inh su inh hufing true tiep ciia djch Covid-19 dfa viec tam ngimg kinh doanh cua DN. So vfii cung ky nim 2019, sd lugng eic DN tam ngtmg kinh doanh cfi thoi ban tfag manh fi 15/17 linh vuc.
Trufic tinh hinh djch benh difin bifin phue tap anh huong nghiem trpng dfa Ufin dp eua cac du fa dau tu eflng nhu nen kinh te qude gia, eie bifa phip BDDT cing dflng vai trfi quan ttpng de bio dim su quan tim cua Nhi nufic den cic DN.
b. Cic chinh sach bio dim dau tu cho doanh nghiep trong bdi cinh dich benh Covid -19
Song song vfli eflng tie chdng djch, Cbinh phu cflng quan tim tinh binb phit ttien kinh te de dua ra eie ehlnh sieh nbim bao dim boat dflng kinh doanh vi bio dam quyfa Ipi cho nhi dau tu khi co nhflng thay ddi ve chinb sieh, pbap Iuat cung nhu ho ttp eie DN gap khfl khfa bj inh hufing true tiep ttt djch benh.
Ngiy 08/4/2020, Chinh phu di ban hinh Nghj dinh sfi 41 /2020/ND-CP ve gia ban tiifli ban nop thue vi tien thue dit, trong dfl cfl doi tupng ip dung li eie DN. Dfing thfii, Thu tuong Cbinh phu ciing chi rfi eo quan nha nuflc cfl tham quyfa phfii hgp ctmg cac DN tip tnmg khoi dfing lai nen kinh te Viet Nam, phfa dau GDP dat mtic ting truong tten 5%.
Trong dfl, tip trung thu hut dau tu cic tbinb phfa kinh te ttong nuflc, nufic bet li diu tu
TAP CHl QUAN vy NHA Ntf(JC - S6 293 (6/2020)
NGHieNCail-TRA0 0<5l
tu nhfa; thu hut FDI; day manh xuit khau;
thuc day diu tu cfing; khuyfin khich tieu dting nfii dia'.
Ngiy 09/5/2020, Hfli nghj true myfa giira Chinb phu vfii DX nhim Ifag nghe phfa inh ve khfl khin, vuong mic cua D.\, tfl dfl tim huong giii quyet thio gfi khfi khin, thuc day sfa xuit - kinh doanh, tii khfii ddng nen kinh te de tmg phd vfii djch Covid 19 dupc td chtic. Hfli nghj neu rd nhtmg khfl khfa, vufing mic do dai djch gay ra, tit dfi thio luin dfi xuit vfli Chinh phu, Thu tirflng Cbinh phu cac giai phip cfa thiet de hfl trg DX pbuc bdi vi phat trien sau dai tijch.
Thpc bifin cbi thi eiia Chinb phu, cac bp, coquanngangbfi, Uybannhfa tIfa (UBND) cic cap di trifa kbai nhieu bifa phip BDDT cho DN vupt qua thfii ky khd khan do inh hirfing tfl djch bfah Covid-19. Bifa phip ri soit, cit giim thu tuc bfah chinh, chi phi cho DN di dugc cic co quan nhi nirfic cfi tbam quyen trifa khai thuc hifa. Theo dfi, Bfi Giao thfing van tii chti tri, phfi'i hpp vfii eic eo quan lien quan ehi dao, hufing din ngay cic don vj kinb doanh cit giim Uiu ttic hinh cbinh, giam cbi phi logistics hfag bii, hfag khflng, dufag bfl, dufing tbi'iy nfli tha, dufing sit... Bfl Til chinh da trinh Chinh phu siia dfii Nghj djnh sfi 122/2016/ND-CP ngiy CI/9/2016; Nghj djnh sfi 125/2017/ND-CP ngiy 16/11/2017 vi Nghj djnh sd 134/2016/ND-CP ngay 01/9/2016 ve tiiue xuat nliap khiu de tbio gd khfi khin eho eic DN boat dfing trong linh vue da giay, det may, che bifa nfing lam thiiy sfa, co khi, nfing nghiep, cfing nghiep phu no va cfing nghiep fi tfi; tham muu eho Chinh phu ban bfah Nghj djnh ve gia ban nop tiiue vi mien tienUiuesudungdatebodfii tupng chiu inh bufing bfii djch Covid-19 (giim 70% mtic tiiu le phi dfag ky DN: giam 67% mtic piu cfing bfi thfing tin DN; giam 50% muc phi Uiam djnh cap Iai giiy phep boat dfing bim ehlnh;
giam tfl 50 - 70% phi tham dinh cip stra dfii.
bd sung giiv phfip boat dpng buu cbinh)^ Bp Tii chinh eflng ban bfah Thfing tu difiu cbinh giim gia tu 10 - 50% dfii vfii 9 nhfim dich vu vi miSn hofa toin dot vfii gii 6 nhfim dieh vu trong linh vire ehung khofa, ipdung tai cicsfigiao djeh chungkhofavi trung tim luu kv ehung khoin Viet Nam.
Ddng tiifii, chi dao co quan Thue, Hii quan xem xit khfing td chue kidm tta djnh ky ttong nim 2020 dfii vfii cic DN khfing cfl diu hiiu vi pham de tao die'u kifa cho DN tap trung giii quyet khfi khin, duy tri hoat dpng sin xuit - kinh doanh. Hfag trim Uiu tpc hinh chinh tiiue dupc dua Ien Cdng djch vp cfing qufic gia nhim hfi trg ngufii nop thufi khai time mpi lue, mpi noi va bio dim efing khai, minb baeh cic diii tiic hinh ehinh thuS.
Dfii vol eic du fa diu tu cfing, Chinh phi yeu ciu bfl truong, thu tnrong ca quan, chti tjch UBND cac tinh, thinh pho true thufic Trung utmg tap trung day manh cii cich binb ehinh, nhat la cai each thu tuc bfah chinh gfa veil ling dung eflng nghe thfing Un;
thao gfi vufing mie, day nhanh tien dp thpc bifa vi giii ngin vfin dau tu cfing vi vfin ODA, nhit li dfii vfli eic du fa trpng diem, quy mfl Ifin. Kien quyet eit giam, di^u chuyen vfin diu tu cua cac du fa giii ngin chim; xti ly nghiem eie truflng hgp lim chim, thieu ttieh nhiem, vi pham quy djnh.
Cie ehinh sieh tien te dugc Ngin hang Nhi nufic chil dflng difa chinh Imh boat hon nbim on dmh ty gia vi tiii trufing ngoai ti.
Ngfa bing Nbi nuoc tien hinh ha Iii suit difa binh va tiiuc thi nhieu giai phip kich thich kinb te, ho trg til khoan vfii quy mi Ion, nhu lai suat cap vfin tfl 5%/nim xufing 4,5%/nim; lai suit tii chiet khiu tit 3,5%/nim xufing 3,0%/nim; lai suit eho vay qua dem ttong Uianb tofa dien ui Uen ngin hing vi eho vay bu dip Uiieu hut von ttong tiianh tofa bu ttu eua Ngan hfag Nha nuoc vm cic ngan hang tu 6%/nam xufing 5,5%/nam^ lat suat eho vay linh vitc uu U6n
TAP CHI O U A N LY N H A NtfOC - S6 293 ,fi„O20U >
NGHIEN CtfU-TRAO B 6 | con 5% vol gfii ho trg Un dung khofag 250
nghin t)' ddng*.
Chinh phti cfag dua ra cie gfii hfi trg san se khfi khfa cho eie DN bi fab huong true dip tit dich bpnh: giim 10% gii bfa le dien cho cic ngfah sfa xuit vi kinh doanh^.
c. Dinh 0i chung ve cac bien pbap bio dim dau tu cho doanh nghiep trong bdi cinh dich binh Covid-19
Tuy gip nhlfa khfi khfa trong qua trinh dipc hifa nhiem vu kfip, vfla phong chfing djch vtra khic phue suy giim kinh te, nhimg vol chinh sicb kjp thfii eiia Ding, Nbi nufic da bio dim boat dfing dau tu kinb doanh cua DN, gfip phfa thuc day cic DN diing Ien sau thfii ky tam suy thoii.
Tfic dfi ting tdng sin pham trong nufie (GDP) quy I ufic ting 3,82%, la muc ting trufing khi cao ttong bfii canh chung ca the gifii dang bj inh huong boi dai dich vi Ii miic tfag cao so vol binh quin eua khu vuc.
Vfin thpc hien tu ngufin ngfa sieh nbi nutic quy 1/2020 dat miic tfag khi: 13,2% ke hoach nim mie dti kfi hoach vfin ngin sich nha nuoc nim 2020 cao ban 18% so vfii nam 2019 va tfag 16,4% so vol cting ky nfai trufic. Day li Un hieu tieh cue phfa anh ket qui viec Chinh phii thuc hifa quyet Uet cie giai phip thiic diy giii ngfa vdn diu tu efing^.
Nhfi cic bifa pbap bao dim mang tinh diiSt diuc dfi, eie DN da tim ta cic giai phap ii cii td Iai va khfii phue hoat dpng sfa xuat - kinh doanh. Mflt so DN det may thtic thiii chuyfa sang sfa xuit "khau trang vai" - mat hing cip tWfit vol nhu cau su dung Ifln trfa tofa thfi gifli, eimg vfli dfi xuat khau nhieu hang hfia "Made ui Vietnam" sang eic nufie chiu Au - chiu My, nfag cao chit lupng vi uy tin etia hfag hfia Viet Nam tten truflng qufic tfi.
CdtiifinfiI,nhungbIenphipBDDTkinb doanh tu phia Nha nufic di gfip phan trg giup cic DN han che dupc nhung khfi khfa.
tuy nhien, de khic phue nhtrng bat cap do djch benh Covid -19 tiii moi DN cfa chu dflng va sfag tao de Um ra cac bien pbip hiiu hifa, bien khfl khfa, thich thtic thinh cohfli phue hoi.
3. Bi xuit vfi bifa phip bio dim diu tu cho doanh n ^ f i p vutrt qua khfi khfa cua inh hufing dich bfinh Covid-19
Hifa nay, cic DN dang dan tro lai quy dao sfa xuat - kinb doanh nen viee diu Uen de bio dim boat dflng difin ra an toin eho DN cung nhu chung tay gop phin day liii dieh bfah mflt cich tdt nhat li cie DN can Hep tuc phd bien, tuyen truyfa dfi nguoi lao dflng cfl y thtic phfing, chfing djch bfinh, dong thfli, Ien ke hoach tien hinh kidm tra siie khfie ngufii lao dfing theo ehu ky.
Dai djch Covid-19 difin ta dang thuc day eie nhi dau tu tugng lai trong lin sfing chuyen dieh diy chuyen sin xuit tu Trung Qufie sang eie nudc Dfing Nam A. Ngoai ra, Hiep dinh Thucmg mai tu do Uen minb chau Au - Viet Nam (EVFTA) dupc phe chuan se mang Iai tiem nfag cho nfa kinh tfi Viet Nam so vtii eie nuflc trong khu viic. VI viy, cic DN cfa nhanh chflng tfa dung co hfli niy dfi thuc diy sfa xuat - kinh doanh. VI du, Cong ty Giiy Bid's di nhanh chfing tiiay ddi danh mue sfa pham de theo kjp xu bufing mfii cua thj truong, eho ta mit dfing sin pham giiy mfii vfli thflng diep ed vu eupe ehien chfing dai dich, trong dfi "khfing ai bj bfi Iai phia sau". Samsung da vfa chuyfa bing duong hfag khfing eie hnh kifa dien tii tu Trung Quoe sang eie nha may tai Viet Nam...
Thfii gian qua, kenh bin hfag true tuyen phue vu "nfa kinb te o nhi" kha phit trifa khi eie nhu eiu phit sinh tu day hpe true tuyen, xem phim, ung dung chim sflc site khoe tu xa, mua sim hfl... Ben canh dfl, nhu ciu dot bien ve giao hfag tai nhi tai thtil diem cich ly xa hfli cflng keo tiieo mpt lupng
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Ntf (JC - so 293 (6/2020)
NGHIEN CUTU-TRAO 0 6 l
nhu cau luyen dung nhdn su nhat dinh 6 cac DX trong linh vuc giao hang chang cudi.
Theo dd, nhieu DX da ddn dau xu huong tnen khai dich vu van chuyen. giao hang tan tay ngudfi lieu diing nh^m giiip ngudi dan han chg di lai. bao dam an toan irong va sau thai k\- dich benh. Thdi gian tdi, \iec can lam ciia cac DN khi iing phd v6i dai dich Covid- 19 noi rieng va cac tinh hudng cap baeh ndi chung, dd la xay dung va eiing cd ke hoaeh kinh doanh khdng gian doan (BCP - Business Continuity Plan) nham ting phd vcri cae tinh hudng nii ro mang tinh bat ngd.
Trong bdi canh cac nuoc tren th^ gidi lao dao vi dich benh va can ngudn cung eae sin pham y le vdi sd lucmg ldn, cac DN Viet Nam eSn nhay ben n5m b^l co hdi de dua cSc san pham "Made in Vietnam" vuon ra ngoai chau luc. San pham khau trang vai, bp kit xet nghiem Covid-19 thdng qua cac dgt hang cuu ira l^ng cho cac nuoc trong khu vuc ASEAN va ngoai khu vuc (Xhat Ban, Due. Phap, I-ta-li-a, Hoa Ky, Nga...) da khang dinh ducrc uy tin va chat luang. Theo dd, nhung dem dat hang tu cae nudc tren th^ gidi tang cao da gdp phan md rgng thi trudng xuat khau cho hang hda Viet Nam, thuc day hoat dgng san xuat - kinh doanh ciia cac DN trong nudrc.
Nhu vay, den thdi diem nay, thing loi ban dau trong cdng tae phdng, chdng dich Covid-19 ciia chiing ta cd y nghia rat quan trgng, khang dinh quyet tara. y ehi thdng nhat trong hanh ddng eiia loan Dang, toan quan va su ddng long, iing ho ciia nhan dan ca nuoc; the hien sue manh doan ket truyen thdng yeu nude, tinh than tuong than, tuong ai Ciia dan tdc. Qua do cung cd viing chdc niem tin ciia Nhan dan vao su lanh dao sang sudt eiia Dang, Xha nuoc va kh Jing dinh tinh uu viei, ban chai tdi dep eiia che dp, ciia he thdng chinh tn mrdc ta.
Trufic nhung thach thuc cua tmh h,nh dich benh. d i y l i CO hfli dfi cic DN nhin I^
nhflng diem manh, diem yeu cua mmh, tu dd CO ciu la, boat dflng, tu lim men minh, Um m nhflng hufing di phti hpp vfii nhu cau till ttufing, giup cfl the phat ttien manh mi hon, ben vflng hgn, ehuyen ttang ttiai tu
"dfing bing" sang nim bit thfii ca mfii dg phit tridn.
Trong bdi canh djch benh dang bung phat fi nhieu nufic tren Uifi gifii, vol sp klfim soat djch benh tfit tu phia Dang, Nha nufic, VI$t Nam di trfi tbfab diem dfin an toin nhit tren die gifii ttong nim 2020. Didu niy gfip phin Uiu but eie nhi dau tu yfin tim diu tu vfin, cic du fa tai Viet Nam, dfing flifii gfip phan khing dinh vj thfi ciia Vifit Nam tren trufing qufic t e d
Chu tilicb:
1,8. Thdng cio bio chl ve tinh hinh kinh ti- xi bdi quy 1 nam 2020 ciia Tdng cpc Tbdngkl, ngay 27/3/2020.
2, 3. Covid-19: Chinb phu tiep tuc triin khai ddng bp chinh sacb hd tip cdng ddng doanh ng/uep vuot Wjabttps://phapluaddnhtexahoi.vn, ngay 06/5/2020.
4. Bd Tii chinh xay dung vi ban binb hinglo^t thong tumlSn, giim phi, lepbi. www.mof.gov.vn, ngay 12/5/2020.
5. Quyet dinh sd 918/QD-NHNN ngiy 12/5/2020 ciia Ngan hing Nhi nudc vi lai suit tii cap vdn, Iii suat tai chiet khau, Hi suit cho vay qua dem trong thanh toin dien tulien ngan hang vi cho vay bii dip thiiu but vdn tiong thanh toin bit tru cita Ngan bang Nbi nudc dii vdi cic ngan bing.
6. Quyet dinh sd 920/QD-NHNN ngiy 12/5/2020 ciia Ngin hing Nhi nudc ve muc ISI suit cho vay ngin ban tdi da bing VND cua ti chue tin dung ddi vdi khich hing vay di dip ung nhu cau vdn phucvu mpt so linh vuc nginh kinh te tiieo quy dinh tai Thdng lu sd 39/2016/Tt- NHNN ngiy 30/12/201S.
7. Cdng vin sd 2698/BCT-DTDL ngiV 16/4/2020 cua Bp Cdng Thuang vi viec hi tip giam gii dien, giam tien dien cho cac khich hing su dung di$n hi inh hudng cda dich Covid-19 TAP CHl QUAN LY NHA NUtSc - S6 293 (6/2020)
