LUAT
KIEN NGHI HOAN THIEN QUY DINH VE DAM BAO DAU TlT NHAM THU HUT
DAU TlT NU^6C NGOAI TAI VIET NAM
• CAO NHAT LINH
TOM TAT:
Phap luat ve dau tu la mpt trong nhijug nhan td anh hudng true tiep d8n viec thu hiit dki tu nude ngoai lai Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, mpt sd quy dinh v6 dam bao dau tu Uong Lu^l DSu tu hien hanh v§n cdn nhimg bat cap ma Du thao Luat Dau tu nam 2020 (Du thao trinh Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hpi) van chua khac phuc. Do do, viec hoan thien cac quy dinh nay la rat can thiet Uong viec thu htil dSu tu ndi ehung va thu hut nha dau tu nude ngoai dau tu tai Viet Nam ndi rieng.
Tir khoa: Luat Dau tu, bao dam dlu tu, thu hiit dau tu, nha dSu tu nude ngoai, bSt cap, kien nghi hoan thien.
1. {)6i vdi quy dinh ve bao dam dau tir kinh doanh trong tru-dng hop thay doi phap luat
Theo quy dinh tai Khoan 2 Dieu 13 ciia Luat Dau tu nam 2014 thi "trudng hap vdn ban phap luat mai duac ban hanh quy dinh mi dai dau tu thap han iru dai dau tic ma nha dau tir duac huang truac do thi nha dau tir dicac tiep titc dp dung mi dai dau tu theo quy dinh truac do cho thai gian huang ini dai con lai ciia du an ". Quy dinh nay van dang dupe giu' nguyen ndi dung tai Khoan 2 Dieu 14 cua Du thao Luat Bm tu nam 2020. Chinh vi vay ndi dung quy dinh nay van cdn kha nhieu bat cap. Bdi vi, vi?c dam bao dkx Ur nay chi ap dung cho quy dinh \k uu dai d^u tu bj thay ddi theo hudng hk lai, nen khdng ap dung duac trong U-udng hop quy dinh cua phap luat v^ dieu kien dau tu, ve nganh, nghe kinh doanh ma nha dkx tu dang kinh doanh bi thay ddi theo chieu hudng bat Ipi ban. Hieu theo mpt each khac, nSu phap luat thay ddi ve "dieu kipn tiep can thj trudng" theo ndi dung D\r thao Luat Dau tu nam 2020 thi khdng cd quy djnh nao ap dung dupe trong viec dam bao dau tu cho nha dau tu.
Vi du, phap luat thay ddi theo hudng tang dieu kien dau tu ddi vdi nha dau tu nude ngoai (hoac nganh, nghe ma nha dau tu nude ngoai dang kinh doanh) bi dua vao nhdm nganh nghe ma nha dau lu nude ngoai chua duac tiep can thi trudng (ma thdng thudng dupe gpi la nganh, nghe ma nha dau tu nude ngoai kinh doanh phai cd dieu kien them so vdi nha dau tu trong nude hoac nganh nghe ma nha dau tu nude ngoai khdng dugc kinh doanh) thi khdng ed quy dinh nao trong Luat Dau tu ed the ap dung de dam bao dau tu cho nha dau tu nude ngoai.
Trudng hap nay ciing khdng the ap dung khoan 3 Dieu 13 eua Lual Dau tu nam 2014 (Khoan 4, Dieu 14 Du thao Luat Dau tu nam 2020) de khau trir, hd irp, khac phuc thiet hai cho nha dau lu vi ly do qudc phdng, an ninh qudc gia, trat tu, an loan xa hpi, dao diic xa hdi, siic khde eiia cong ddng, bao v? mdi Irudng. Bai vi khoan 4 Dieu 13 ciing chi ap dung trong trudng hap nha dau tu khdng dugc tiep tue ap dung uu dai dau tu, chir khdng ap dyng dugc trong trudng hgp nha dau tu chua dupe tiep tue tiep can thj trudng hoac phai cd them dieu kien de tiep can thj trudng.
Xuat phat Ur bat cap neu tren, nham dam bao dau tu ndi chung va thu hut nha dau tu nude ngoai ndi rieng, Dieu 13 Luat Dau tu nam 2014 (Dieu 14 Du thao Luat Dau tu nam 2020) nen dugc bd sung them quy dinh dam bao dau tu trong trudng hgp van ban phap luat mdi dugc ban hanh quy djnh dieu kien tiep can ihi trudng thap han hoac eao ban dieu kien tiep can thi trudng ma cac nha dau tu nude ngoai dang dugc ap dung cho du an ciia hp. Vi du: "Truang hap vdn ban phap luat mai duac ban hanh quy dinh dieu kien tiep can thi truang thap han dieu kien tiep can thi tnrcmg md nhd ddu lu duac ap diing truac do thi nhd dau tuduac ap dung dieu kien tiep can thi truang theo quy dinh ciia vdn ban phap luat mai cho thai gian cdn lai cua dir dn.
Truang h^p vdn ban phap luat mai duac ban hanh quy dinh dieu kien tiep can thi truang cao han dieu ki?n tiep can thi fruoTig md nha ddu tu duac dp d\tng truac do hoac quy dinh nhd ddu tir chua dicac tiep cgn thi truang thi nhd dau tu dirac tiep tue dp dyng cdc quy dinh tnrac do cho thai gian con Igi cua du dn ". Quy dinh nay cung se khong ap dung ddi vdi viec thay ddi dilu kien ligp can thi trudng vi ly do qu6c phdng, an ninh qudc gia, trat tu, an toan xa hpi, dao due xa hpi, sue khoe cua cdng ddng, bao ve m6i trudng,
Ben canh do, dam bao diu tu Uong viec thay d6i quy djnh v6 li^p can thj trudng vi ly do qudc phdng, an ninh qudc gia, trat Ur, an loan xa hdi, dao diic xS hpi, siic khde cua cdng dong, bao ve mdi Irudng cung phai dugc giai quyet khac vdi dam bao dSu tu trong viec thay ddi uu dai dau tu. Ndi each khac, quy dinh tai Khoan 4 Di§u 13 Luat Dau tu nam 2014 (Khoan 4 Diau 14 Du thao Luat DSu tu nam 2020) khdng phii hgp cho viec dam bao dau tu trong trudng hgp phap luat thay ddi ve dieu kien tiep can thi trudng theo hudng cao hem hoac theo hudng chua dupe tiep can thi trudng. Vi du: nha dau tu dang boat ddng kinh doanh cac trd chai cam giac manh mang tinh mao hiem. Neu luat thay ddi theo hudng cam kinh doanh trd chai nay, thi nha dau tu budc Idng phai cham dut boat ddng kinh doanh va trang thiet bi, ca sd vat chat cd the bj thiet hai hoan loan, vi khdng the sir dung eho muc dich kinh doanh khac. Liic dd, cac bien phap bao dam dau tu quy dmh tai khoan 4 Dieu 13 neu tren la hoan loan
khdng phii hpp. Bdi
rthi.' hail dSu ur khdng the dugc khau tru . . ^^
vao thu nhap chiu thue ^i kiwng co" n P^^^
doanh, khdng the UiCU chinh mu.
kmh
, , lit. may "^°*=
ciia du an d:- ^'r \\ loan bo ca M • ^^^^ ^^^
khdng su dui.. Jtxuc cho nganh " ^ » ; . ^^'.^a d k indt bien p r . , . - - ^ ^ a m . ^ - - ' ^ ^ ; j - , , a t thay tu khde ph.c thiei n , . ^ _ . P ^^.
d6i din den nganh nghe '• cam ,-im aau LU lii'v^ "V- =
dong kinh doanh ma chi nhan
ham dirt hojt b dam dSu
„ bang hinh thuc d'uo'c h6 try th.et hai thi khong L ly va anh huong true tiep den quyen lo_, cua Z d i tu. DO do, trong truong h ^ nay, nen co quy dinh ve bfii thuang thiet ha, cho riha dau tir trong truong hop nha diu nr khong the ttep tue kmh doanh (khong dugc tiSp tue tiep can th, truong) do su thay d6i cua phap luat va dan den thiet hai cho nha dSu nr.
2. Doi tin quy d'nh v6 flam bao d^u l\s trong CO chS giai quySt tranh chap
Khi nha dju tu bo v6n ik thirc hien hoat dpng diu tu kmh doanh tren lanh th6 Viet Nam thi hinh thiic giai quySt tranh chip va CO quan giai quyet tranh chip ciing la mpt trong nhiing vSn dS quan tam ciia nha dau tu va anh hudng true tidp dSn vi|c thu hut diu tu nuoc ngoai. Tuy nhien, CO ch6 giai quy6t tranh chap dupe quy dinh tai Dieu 14 ciia Luat Diu tu nam 2014 ( D i k 15 Dir thao Luat Diu tu nam 2020) con kha nhieu bit cap cin dupe sira doi, bo sung.
Thit nhht, v2 fiinh tliuc gidi quyet tranli chap thuffng lirffng, hoa giat
IChoan 1, Dieu 14 cua Luat Diu tu nam 2014 (Khoan 1 DiSu 15 Dir thao Luat Diu tu nam 2020) quy dinh: ''Tranh chap lien quan den hoat dong ddu tu kinh doanh tai Viet Nam dieac gidi quyet thong qua thuang luang, hoa gidi. Truffng hffp khong thirang luang, hoa gidi duac thi tranh chap du^c gidi quyet tai Trong tdi hoac Toa an theo quy dinh tai cdc khoan 2, 3 va 4 Dieu ndy". Quy dinh nay chua dung voi ban chit ciia hinh thuc giai quyet tranh chip thumig luong va hoa giai. IJo d .5 th6 CO nhieu each hieu khac nhau, gay kho khan a tro ngai trong viec ap dung phap luat. Ben vi. g, jj ^^,^
36 So6-Thang4/2020
LUAT
tranh chSp bang hinh thiic thuong lugng, hda giai la cac hinh thirc giai quyet tranh chap mang tinh tu nguyen, ddi hdi phai cd su ddng y, hgp tac giila eac ben Uanh chip. The nhung, quy pham phap luat nay lai quy dinh "Truang hap khong thuang luang, hoa gidi duac thi tranh chap duac gidi quyet tai Trong tdi hoac Toa dn... ". Quy dinh nay ed the hieu la tranh ch4p phai dugc giai quyet bang thuang lugng, hda giai trudc khi khdi kien giai quyet bang hinh thiic Ida an hoac trpng tai. Dieu nay hoan loan khdng phii hgp vdi phap luat td lung dan su va phap luat ve trpng lai thuang mai. Bdi vi, doi vdi Uanh chap trong thuang mai va dau tu thi khdng cd quy dinh nao eiia Bd luat Td tung dan su nam 2015 va Luat Trpng tai thuang mai nam 2010 cho quyen cua Ida an hoac trgng tai tra lai don khdi kien khi tranh chap dd chua dugc thuang lugng, hda giai trudc khi khdi kien. Do dd, ndi dung dieu lual neu tren nen dupe sira ddi thanh: "Tranh chap lien quan den hoat dong ddu tu- kinh doanh tgi Viet Nam co the duac giai quyet thong qua thuang luang, hoa gidi Truang hap khong thuang lu^g, khong hoa gidi hoac thuang luang. hoa gidi khong thanh thi gidi quyet theo quy dinh tgi cdc khoan 2, 3va 4 Dieu nay".
Neu sua ddi theo hudng neu tren, thi cho phep eac nha dkx tu cd quygn khdng thuang lugng, khdng hda giai trudc khi khdi kien giai quyet tranh ch4p bang hinh thiic Ida an hoac trpng tai. Tuy nhien, neu cac nha dau lu mudn thuong lugng, hda giai trudc khi sir dyng cac binh thuc giai quy6t tranh chap khac thi hp vin ed quyen thuc hi8n. Viec khdng bat budc phai thuang lugng, hda giai trudc khi khdi kien se khdng lam mil di ea hdi thuang luang, hda giai eua cac ben tranh chap. Bdi vi, theo quy djnh ciia Bd luat Td tung dan su nam 2015 va Luat Trgng lai thuang mai nam 2010, trong qua trinh Id lung tai Toa an, Trpng lai thi sir thda thuan ciia cac duang su, cae ben tranh chap vSn dupe cdng nhan.
Thii- hai, vi tranh chdp giiia cdc nha ddu tie, trong do CO it nhat Id nhd ddu tu nit&c ngoai.
Khoan 3 Dilu 14 Luat D k tu n3m 2014 (Khoan 3 D i k 15 Du thao Luat Bkw tu nam 2020) quy dinh: "Tranh chap giira cac nha dau tu trong do co it nhat mot ben la nhd ddu tu nuac ngoai hoac to chirc kinh ti quy dinh tgi khoan J Dieu 23 ciia Luat nay du(?c giai quyet thong qua mot trong nhirng ca
quan, to chirc sau day • a) Ida dn Viet Nam; b) Trong tai Viet Nam; c) Trong tdi nude ngodi; d) Trong tdi quoc te; d) Trong tdi do cdc ben tranh chap thda thuan thanh lap". Theo quy dinh nay, eac nha dau tu nude ngoai tranh chap vdi nhau trong boat ddng dau tu tai Viet Nam (vi du nhu tranh chap ve hgp ddng hpp tac kinh doanh giira cac nha dau tu nude ngoai vdi nhau) hoac tranh chap giira nha dau tu trong nude vdi nha dau tu nude ngoai (vi du nhu tranh ehdp \e hgp ddng hgp lac kinh doanh giiia nha dau tu trong nude va nha dau lu nude ngoai) se khdng dupe giai quyet tai toa an nude ngoai.
Quy djnh neu tren kha bit cap, lam ban che viec thu hiit nha d k tu nude ngoai. Bdi vi, mpt la, quy dinh nay khdng tao dupe nhieu co che giai quyet tranh chip khi cd mgt ben tranh chap la nha dau tu nude ngoai; hai ia, quy djnh khdng phii hgp vdi quy dinh eiia Bd luat Td lung dan su nam 2015 \ e thim q u y k giai quyet tranh chap ciia tda an nude ngoai (Dik 440), tham q u y k ehung ciia tda an Viet Nam ( D i k 469) va thim q u y k rieng biet ciia tda an Viet Nam ( D i k 470). Cu the, D i k 440 cua Bd luat T6 lung dan sir nam 2015 Ihira nhan tham q u y k giai quyet tranh chip cua tda an nude ngoai trong nhirng trudng hgp sau day:
"7. Vii viec ddn su khdng thudc tham quyen rieng biet ciia Tda dn Viet Nam quy dinh tgi Dieu 470 ciia 86 luat ndy.
2. Vu viec ddn su quy dinh tgi Dieu 469 ciia Bd lugl ndy nhimg cd mdt trong cdc dieu kien sau day:
a) Bi dan tham gia tranh tung md khong cd y kiSn phdn ddi thdm quyin ciia Tda dn nude ngodi dd;
b) Vu viec ddn su ndy chua cd ban dn, quyet dinh cita Tda dn nude thu ba da du(fc Tda dn Viet Nam edng nhan vd cho thi hanh;
e) Vu viec ddn su ndy da duac Toa dn nuac ngodi thu ly tnrac khi Tda dn Viet Nam thu ly".
Ben canh dd, can eii vao Dieu 470 ciia Bd lual Td tung dan su nam 2015, tranh chap cd it nhat mdt ben la nha diu lu nude ngoai khdng mac nhien thudc thim quyen rieng biet ciia tda an Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, chiing ta cd the kk luan rang: Neu can cir vao Khoan 3 D i k 14 cua Lual Dau tu nam 2014
(Khoan 3 Dieu 15 ciia Du thao Luat Diu tu nam 2020), tranh chap giua cac nha dau tu ma cd it nhat mdt ben la nha dau tu nude ngoai thi khdng dugc giai quyet lai Ida an nude ngoai. Nhung can cir vao Bd lual Td tung dan su nam 2015 ihi tranh chap nay, tda an nude ngoai ed tham quyen giai quyet, neu thda man eac dieu kien tai Dieu 440 neu tren hoac trong trudng hgp dieu udc qudc te ma Viet Nam ta thanh vien co quy djnh khac.
Su bit cap neu tren cd the lam cho nha dau lu nude ngoai se e ngai quyet djnh dau tu tai Viet Nam neu hp mudn tranh chap sau nay dugc giai quyet lai toa an nude ngoai. Do dd, de gdp phin thu hiit diu tu nude ngoai, quy dinh neu tren nen dupe sua ddi theo hudng phii hgp vdi tham quyen ciia tda an nude ngoai va tham quyen rieng biet ciia toa an Viet Nam theo quy dinh ciia Bd lual Td lung dan su nam 2015. Cu the sua ddi nhu sau' "Tranh chap giira cac nha diu tu Uong dd ed it nhit mdt ben la nha dau tu nude ngoai hoac td chirc kinh te quy djnh tai khoan 1 Dieu 23 ciia Lual nay dugc giai quyet thdng tda an, trgng tai theo quy dinh ciia Bd luat Td tung dan su va Luat Trpng tai thuang mai". Neu sua ddi theo hudng nay se khdng cdn mau thuan vdi Bp luat Td tung dan su nam 2015 va Luat Trpng tai thuang mai nSm 2010 ve tham quyk ciia tda an, trpng tai.
cac Irudng hgp edng nhan va cho thi hanh ban an.
quyk dinh ciia tda an nude ngoai hay phan quyet eua trgng tai nude ngoai tai Viet Nam.
Thu ba, ve tranh chap giua nhd ddu tie nude ngodi vdi ca quan nhd nu&c co thdm quyen cua Viet Nam.
Khoan 4 D i k 14 cua Luat Diu tu nam 2014 quy dinh: 'Tranh chdp giira nhd ddu tu nude ngodi vdi ea quan nhd nude ed thdm quyen lien quan din hoat ddng ddu tu kinh doanh tren lanh thd Viet Nam duac gidi quyet thdng qua Trong tdi Viet Nam hoge Tda dn Viet Nam, trir trudng hap cd thda thugn khde theo hap ddng hoac dieu udc quoc ti md Cdng hda xd hdi chii nghia I let Nam Id thdnh vien cd quy djnh khde ", Khoan 4 Dieu 15 ciia Du thao Luat Diu tu nam 2020 quy djnh: "Tranh chdp giira nhd ddu tu nude ngodi vdi ca quan nhd nude cd thdm quyen lien quan den hoat dong ddu tu kinh doanh tren lanh thd Viet Nam duac gidi quyet thdng qua Trong tdi I 'li-t Nam hoac Tda dn 1 let Nam. trir
trudng hap cd thda thuan khde theo hoi ^Idng hoQC diiu udc qudc te vi ddu tu co quy dinh ^ 'JC -
Quy dmh nay kha l i k bd, vi tranli ch^p ?ifla nl^a diu ur nude ngoai ^dl ca quan niia luiiv - r tuam q u y k eua Viet Nam lien quan den ho - - '^ig oau ur kinh doanh tren lanh Ihd Viet Nam khong bat budc trong moi uudng hpp phai giai quyet thong qua Trong tai Viet Nam hoac Tda an Viet Nam. Tuy vay, quy dinh nay vin cdn the hien su bat cap:
Mat Id theo Du thao Luat D k tu nam 2020 thi tham quyk, trinh ur, thu tue diu tu, thuc hien du an, bao dam diu ur... ap dung true tiep cho du an diu tu theo phirong thirc ddi tac cong Ur (dau tu theo hpp ddng PPP) se ap dung quy djnh ciia Lual Dau ur theo phuang thirc ddi lac cdng Ur. Do dd, viec Luat Diu tu cho phep nha diu tu nude ngoai va ca quan nha nude cd thim quyk ciia Viet Nam thda thuan uong hpp d k g d^ ebon ca quan, td chiic giai quy^t tranh chip nude ngoai se khdng cdn mang tinh kha thi d6i vdi uanh chip ve hgp ddng PPP.
Hai Id, viec cho thoa thuan nhu vay cd the cd trudng hpp Irai vdi quy djnh ve tham q u y k rieng biet ciia tda an Viet Nam theo quy djnh tai Dieu 470 cua Bp luat Ta Uing dan su nam 2015. Do dd, ndi dung Khoan 4 neu tren nen dupe quy dinh nhu sau:
"Tranh chdp giira nhd ddu tu nude ngodi vdi ca quan nhd nicdc cd thdm quyen lien quan den hogt ddng ddu tu kinh doanh tren lanh thd Viet Nam duac gidi quyet thong qua Trong tdi Viet Nam hoac Tda dn Viet Nam. Cdc ben tranh chdp cd quyen thoa thuan chon ca quan, td chirc khac de gidi quyet tranh chdp, trir trudng hap thudc thdm quyen rieng biet ciia tda dn Viet Nam hoac dieu udc qudc te md Cong hda xd hdi chu nghia Viet Nam Id thanh vien CO quy dinh khde ".
Tom lai, ndi dung eiia Luat Diu tu nam 2014 dang dupe hoan thien bing Du thao Luat Diu hr nam 2020. Tuy nhien, ca ndi dung ciia quy djnh hien hanh va ndi dung eua Du thao neu tren v k cdn nhik quy djnh mang Unh bit cap, lam anh hudng khdng nho den viec thu hut diu tu nude ngoai tai Viei Nam. Do dd, \ iec hoan thien them cac quy djnh ve dam bao diu lu se gdp phin hoan thien phap luat ve dau tu, tir dd gdp phin thu hut nhieu nha dii. i^
nude ngoai diu Ur tren lanh thd Vi?t NamB
38 So6-Thang4/2020
LUAT
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Qu6c hoi Nude Cong hoa Xa hoi chu nghTa Viet Nam, Ludt Trong tdi thuang mai nam 2010.
2 Qu6c hoi Nude Cong hoa Xa hpi chii nghia Viet Nam, Ludt Dau tu nam 2014.
3. Quoc hoi Nude Cpng hoa Xa hpi chii nghia Viet Nam, Bp ludt TS tiing ddn sir nam 2015.
4. Quoc hpi Nude Cong hoa Xa hpi chii nghia Viet Nam, Dir thdo Ludt Bdu tu nam 2020.
Ngiy nhan bai: 4/3/2020
Ngiy phan bi§n dinh gia va sfra chira: 14/3/2020 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 24/3/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
TS. CAO NHAT LINH
Trirdug B0 mdn Luat thtrcmg mai, Trirtmg Dai hoc Cin Tha
RECOMMENDATIONS ON PERFECTING PROVISIONS FOR INVESTMENT GUARANTEE TO ATTRACT FOREIGN
INVESTMENT IN VIETNAM
• Ph.D CAO NHAT LINH
Head of Department of Commercial Low, Can Tho University
ABSTRACT:
Law on investment is one of factors directly affeeuing the atuaction of foreign investment in Vietnam. However, some provisions for investment guarantee of current Law on Investment still have shortcomings and these shortcomings have not been solved by the Draft 2020 Law on Investment which was submitted to the Standing Committee of the National Assembly. Therefore, it is essential for Vietnam to perfect the country's Law on Investment in order to attract investment in general and foreign investors in parUcular.
Keywords: Law on Investment, investment guarantee, investment atuaction, foreign investors, inadequacies, completion recommendations.
