Thuc trang, dinh hudng va chinh sach thu hut dau tu vao cac KKT khu vuc Bac Trung Bo
ThS. v u DAI THANG Vu truang Vu Quan ly cac Khu kinh te, Bo Ke hoach va DSu tu
Voi muc dich hinh thanh cac vung kinh te dong luc de thiic day phat trien cac vung dat ngheo ven bien, ngay tu nhung nam dau the ky 21, Dang va Nha nuoc da chii truong hinh thanh he thdng cac KKT ven bien nh^m tao tien de thu hiit manh me cac nguon vdn diiu tu, nhiit la vdn d^u tu nudc ngoai.
Tir chii truong tren va xuat phat tii nhung loi the ve tu nhien, cung vdi su chii ddng, sang tao ciia minh, trong nhung nam qua, 6 tinh thudc khu vuc Bac Trung bd da timg budc tiep can va hinh thanh 5 KKT ven bien (Chan May Lang Cd, Vung Ang, Nghi Son, Ddng Nam Nghe An va Hdn La).
Yd cor ban, cac KKT Nghi Scm, Vung Ang, Chan May - Lang Co, Dong Nam Nghe An da hoan thanh cac cong tac quy hoach chung, quy hoach chi tiet cac phan khu chQc nang va dang tien hanh dau tu xay dimg CO sd ha tdng ky thuat xa hoi, xay dung cac khu tai dinh cu.
Tfnh den nay, cac KKT ven bien Bic Trung Bo da thu hiit dugc 45 dir an ddu tu nudc ngoai va 162 du an dau tu trong nudc vdi tdng vdn dau tu dat 16,5 ty USD va hon
151 nghin ty ddng. Mdt sd KKT da thu hut dugc nhung dir an quan trgng, mang tinh ddng luc khdng chi rieng ddi vdi khu vuc Bac Trung Bg ma ddi vdi ca nudc nhu dir an Khu lien hgp gang thep va cang Son Duong ciia Tap doan Formosa, cac nha may nhiet dien Vung Ang I va II (KKT' Vung Ang); du an Nha may Igc hda dau sd 2, nha may nhiet dien (KKT Nghi Sofn).
Lgi the cua cac K K T Bac Trung Bo
Cac KKT khu vuc Bdc Tmng Bg cd nhiJng lgi the ldn v6 tu nhien xa hdi va ket cau ha tang dong bd:
Ve vi tri dia ly, viang duyen hai Bdc Trung Bg vdi hon 650 km bd bien, hon 20 cira song, nhidu vung nudc sSu, them luc dia rgng, rd't thuan lgi phat trien kinh te tdng hgp bien.
Ve giao thong, vdi cac tuy6'n dudng giao thdng huyet mach (Qudc Id IA, dudng Hd Qii Minh, tuy^n dudng sdt Bdc Nam); cac tuye'n dudng bd (Qud'c Id 7A, 8, 9, 29) ndi Lao, Thai Lan, Myanma; he thdng san bay (Vinh, Ddng Hdi, Phu Bai) va cac cang bien (Nghi Son, Vung Ang, Son Duong, Chdn Mdy), khu virc Bdc Trung Bd hdi tii cac dieu kidn thudn lgi trd thanh cira md hudng ra bien va ddy manh hgp tac phat trien cac hanh lang kinh t€.
Vetdi nguyen, Bac Tmng Bg cd nhieu md tai nguyen khoang san phong phii, da dang, vdi trir lugng ldn, nhu: quang sat (md sdt Thach
Khe - Ha Tinh), thiec (md thiec Quy Hgp - Nghe An), Cronit (md Cronit Thanh Hda), da voi (Thanh Hda, Nghe An). Ddy la co sd tdt d^ phat trien cong nghidp khai khoang luyen kim, che bie'n vat lieu xay dimg.
V'(' ngudn nhdn life, khu vuc Bdc Trung Bg cd ngudn nhan lire kha ddi dao vdi truyen thdng hgc tdp lau ddi, lao ddng cdn cii, sieng nang; he thd'ng cac tmdng dai hoc, tmdng dao tao nghi kha phong phu.
Lgi the' nay tao thudn lgi ban ddu cho cac dia phuong trong vide xay dimg ke' hoach phat tri^n nguon nhdn luc, dam bao cung cdp lao dong thich hgp cho cac du an trong KKT
Xac dinh ke't cdu ha tdng ddng bd, hoan chinh la dilu kien tien quyet de phat trien cac KKT nen trong nhiing nam qua, ngan^ sach nha nudc da dugc sii dung dl hinh thanh mgt sd hang muc ha tdng quan trgng nhu: giao thdng true chfnh hoac ket ndi vdi giao thong ben ngoai; bdi thudng, giai phong
TAP CHI KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 10/2011
mat bdng cac du an ddu tu mang tfnh dgng lire hoac khu tai dinh cu, nha d cong nhan; ddu tu xdy dung khu XU' ly chat thai rdn, nudc thai tap trung...
Tuy nhien, do ngan sach nha nudc cdn han che trong khi nhu cdu dau tu cdn rd't ldn nen Chfnh phii da cd nhieu quy dinh ve huy dgng ngudn vdn vdn dau tu phat trien ha tang KKT. Cu the: (i) sii" dung vdn ODA, tfn dung uu dai va xay dung ha tang ky thuat xa hgi thie't ylu, cong trinh tien fch c6ng cgng; (ii) thu hut ddu tu theo hinh thdc BOT, BT BTO, PPP; (iii) phat hanh trai phie'u cong trinh ddi vdi cac cong trinh then chd't, quy md ldn; (iv) huy dgng vdn tir quy ddt; (v) huy ddng vdn tir viec cho nlia ddu tu thue dat khu chiic nang de phat triin ha tdng va cho thue lai.
Chinh sach uu dai dau tu tron^ cac KKT Bac Trung Bo
De khuyen khfch ddu tu vao KKT, Chfnh phii danh nhilu uu dai ddi vdi cdc du an ddu tu vao KKT.
Theo dd, nguyen tdc chung la cac du an ddu tu vao KKT dugc hudng uu dai d miic cao nha't dp dung ddi vdi dia ban cd dilu kien kinh te' - xa hgi dac biet khd khan. Cu the:
Uu ddi ve thue:
Thue' thu nhap doanh nghiep (Nghi dinh sd l'24/2008/ND-CP ngay 11/12/2008): cac du an ddu tu vao KKT dugc hudng thue' sudt thue thu nhap doanh nghiep 10^ trong
15 nam; miin 4 nam kl tu' khi cd thu nhap chiu thue va giam 50% sd thue phai nop trong 9 nam tiep theo.
Thue nhap khdu (Nghi dinh 87/2010/ND-a' ngay 13/8/2010):
miin thue nhap khdu ddi vdi hang hda tao tai san cd dinh; miin thue nhap khau 5 nam ddu ddi vdi nguyen lieu, vat tu, linh kien trong nirdc chua san xuat nhdp khdu dl phuc vu san xudt.
Thue gia tri gia tang, thue tieu thu dac biet: hang hoa san xud't, nhdp khdu vao Khu phi thue quan dugc hudng thul sudt thul gia tri gia tang va thul tieu lhu dac biet 0%.
lfu ddi tien time ddt: Theo Nghi dinh 142/2005/ND-CP ngay
14/11/2005 va Nghi dinh 121/2010/ND-CP ngay 30/12/2010:
nha ddu tu thue dd't trong KKT dugc miin tiln thue ddt tho trong thdi gian td'i thilu la 11 nam din ca ddi du an tiiy theo ITnh vuc ddu tu ciia du an.
lfu ddi ddc tint khde: Ngoai cac uu dai chung, cac du an trong cac ITnh vuc nlia a cong nhdn, bdo ve moi trddng cdn dugc hudng mgt sd uu dai cao hon. Cu the nhu: (i) Dugc miin tiln thue da't tho trong tdi thieu 15 nam hoac ca ddi du an; (ii) Thue thu nhap doanh nghiep 10% thu nhdp chiu thul trong 15 nam kl tiT khi bdt dau hoat dgng kinh doanh (cd the ca ddi du an neu thugc ITnh vuc xa hdi hda); (iii) Dugc xem xet cho vay vdn tfn dung uu dai ddu tu can ci'r Danh muc du an vay \'6\\ tfn
dung ddu tu ban hanh kem theo Nghi dinh sd 151/2007/ND-CP ngay 20/12/2006 cua Chfnh phu vl tfn dung dau tu va tfn dung xud't khdu CLia Nha nudc.
Chinh sdch tdi gidn thil tuc hanh chinh vd tra giiip nhd ddu td: Thii tuc hanh chfnh ddi vdi hoat d6ng ddu tu vao cac KKT dugc cai thien theo hudng don gian hda, dam bao nguyen tdc mdt ciia, mdt ddu mdi.
Ban Quan ly cac KKT vira thuc hien chiic nang la co quan ddu mdi quan ly nha nudc d dia phuong, vUa cd vai trd hd trg, tu van, hudng ddn vl co chi, chfnh sach, thii tuc ddu tu cho cac nha ddu tu trong va ngoai nudc vao KKT
Ngoai ra, nha ddu tu trong va ngoai nudc cdn dugc hd trg, hudng ddn vl chfnh sach, thii tuc ddu tu tir he thdng cac trung tam xiic tiln ddu tu tir cap Trung uong tdi cdp dia phuong, tao dilu kien thuan Igi tdi da cho cac nha ddu tu.
Dinh hudng thu hiit dau tu vao cac KKT ven bien
Bac Trung Bp
De tan dung va khai thac cac the' manh neu tren, viec thu hiit ddu tu phat triin cac KK'T viing Duyen hai Bdc Tmng Bg trong thdi gian tdi se tap trung vao mgt sd dinh hudng sau:
DP dang hda cac ngudn vdn dau tu va hinh thiic huy dgng vdn ddu tu dl phat triin va hoan thien he thdng kit cdu ha tdng ky thuat va xa hgi CO ban, phuc vu thu hiit cac du an ddu tu san xudt kinh doanh trong KKT
Xay dung, phat triin nganh cong nghiep thep, dua khu vuc Bdc Trung Bd trd thanh trung tam cong nghiep thep khong chi ciia ca nudc ma cdn ciia ca ASEAN, hudng tdi thi trudng chau A.
Tap tmng thu hiit cac du an trong ITnh vuc Igc hda ddu, tren co sd tan dung cac san pham cua Nha may Igc ddu sd 2 Nghi Son de thu hiit ddu tu cac san phdm lien quan deii Igc hoa ddu, hinh thanh mang ludi kinh doanh xang ddu, dich vu kho bai, cang, tilp nhan, bao quan va van chuyin xang ddu...
(Xem tiep trang 6)
TAP CHI KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 10/2011
KCN, KKT KINH NGHIEM PHAT TRIEN
Trifdc liei, vl quy hoach va xay dung: can coi cac KCN nhu mgt dia ban kinh Ic van hda xa hdi tdng hgp, khong chi xdy dung iihii xii'dng san xudt ma cdn bao gdm dii cac thiei che ha ldng ky thuat vd xa hgi ddng bg phuc vu cho ddi sdng, linh than ciia ngu'di lao dgng va bao ve moi tmdng.
Tliifliai. thu hiit ddu tuphai cd chgn Igc, trong dilu kien ddt dai han che, lai tap trung nhicii dAn cu'. Ha Ngi cdn tiep can va thu hiil cac nha ddu tu Idn. siV dung cong nghe cao, tu dd tao tac dgng lan tda tfch cii'c cho vung.
Tliif l)a. cdn quan tam loan dicii \';i thuc hidn nghiem tiic cac quy dinh ciia phap ludt; hudng ddn, ho trg cac nha ddu tu thuc hidn mot c;ich hidu qua, diing tidn do, dac biet la cac yen cdu vc chinh sach xa hgi vdi ngu'di lao dgng \'a bao dam moi tru'dng dc phat Iricn mgt cac hai hda, hen Ming.
Tint tif. \'c yeu cdu nang luc can hg quan ly: do chuc nang, nhiem \u quan ly nha nu'dc true licp thuc hidn CO che mgt cira mgt ddu dugc (lifnh phii va thanh phd giao nga\ cang nhilu, coquan Ban Quan ly da nhu mgt li) ban hanh chfnh nha nudc thu nhd, bao quat toan didn cac ITnh vuc kinh Ic xa hoi trdn dia ban cac KCN&CX, KCNC. Vi vay, cac can bg lam' vice lrong Ban khong chi cdn cd kien thiic chuydn mon sau vl ITnh N'Uc boat dgng nghi nghiep ciia minh ma cdn phai lidn tuc pha'n da'u, hgc tap, tlm hieu, ren luyen thdm cdc ITnh
"VUC chuydn mon khac d cac miic do khac nhau, nang dgng sang tao hon dd dap iing ydu cdu dugc giao.
Budc vao giai doan mdi 2011 -2015, Ban Quan ly tap se tmng chi dao xay dung phat tridn 10 KCN da dugc cho phep thanh lap dd tao mat bdng sach thu hiit ddu tu.
Cac KCN mdi se dugc xay dung theo hudng cac do thi cong nghidp ddng bg trong vd ngoai hang rao bao gdm:
dudng giao thong, buu didn, tram xang ddu, didn, co sd y tl, gido due, nha d cong nhan, khu dich vu, theo hudng phdt triin cdc khu do thi dich vu ddng bg, khong chi de thu hiit ddu tu mdi ma cdn tao chd di ddi cac co sd san xuat trong ngi thanh.
Ddi vdi cac KCN da di vdo hoat dgng cdn tang cudng cdng tac kiim tra, gidm sat vide chdp hanh phap ludt vl cdc ITnh vuc ddu tu xdy dung, tai nguydn - moi tmdng, phdng chdng cbdy nd, vd sinh, an toan lao dgng, phap ludt vl lao dgng de dam bao sir phdt trien bin vung va hidu qua. Tang cudng hd trg, giiip dd doanh nghiep kip thdi thao gd nhiing vudng mdc, khd khan trong ddu tu va san xud't, kinh doanh de cac du an dugc triin khai diing tid'n do, dn dinh va phat triin.
Kit qua to ldn sau 15 nam xdy dung va phat trien cdc KCN&CX, KCNC Ha Ndi la thanh qua cua ca thanh phd, la nilm tu hao, ddng vien khfch le ddi vdi Ban Quan ly cac KCN&CX Ha Ndi cung nhu cac nha ddu tu ha tdng va nha ddu tu thii phat. Phat huy tmyen thd'ng 15 nam xdy dung va phat trien, trong thdi gian tdi, vdi tinh thdn doan ket, trach nhiem cao ciia mdi can bd Ban Quan ly, chdc chdn cac KCN&CX, cac KCNC thanh phd Ha Ndi se ngay cang phat triin manh me va bin viing, xiing dang la ddng lire phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cLia Thu dd Ha Ndi va ca nudc.H
THirC TRANG, OINH Hl/dNG...
(Tie'p theo trang j
Khai thac c;ing bien va dich vu cang biin: nghiei Clin, hinh thanh mol c;iiig bien trung tdm vdi cosdh;
tdng hien dai cd ihc ddn tau cd trgng tai Idn va mgt s(
Cling hien vd linh; xAy dung he thdng dich vu canj chuydn nghiep, hidn dai, phuc vu thudn lgi cho vib.
trao ddi, viin chuyin hang hda giua cac dia phuonj trdn ca nu'dc v;i giiia cac nudc Lao, Thai Lan Myanma, Viel Nam vdi cdc nirdc khac trdn thi gidi.
Thu hiil c;ic duan trong ITnh vuc c6ng nghidp phi trg ciia nganh cong nghidp nang: thep, Igc hoa ddu.>
lAn dung Igi the cang bidn nudc sau, cac du an su dung nhicu lao dgng va cd cdng nghe tidn tid'n, hidr dai...
Thu hiil cac du an tlau tu hinh thanh cac khu du Ijch, nghi dudng pluic h(jp kit hgp vdi cac hoat dong dich vu du lich bidn, lhu hiit khach du Ijch va tao m^
trudng sdng tidu chudn cho cac chuydn gia, nha ddu tu nudc ngoai lam vice trong cac KKT.
Dinh huong phat trien cac KKT ven bieni*
Bac Trung Bo
De thu hiit ddu tu cd hidu qua, tap tmng, diing dirii hudng phat trien nganh \ a phii hgp vdi tilm nang, loi thi cua Viing thi trong thdi gian tdi can tiep tuc hoan thidn he thdng chfnh sach vl KKT ven bidn theo mdt sd hirdng sau:
Vide phat triin cac KKT Bdc Trung Bg cdn dat trong lgi fch tdng thi ciia nen kinh te va cua Viing;
cdn nghien cuu cac dac diem, Igi the ridng ciing nhir kha nang bd sung, hd trg, lien kit phat tridn lan nhau giiia cac KKT trong Vung de phat huy tdi da tilm nang, sire manh ciia cac KKT tao budc dot pha manh, lan tda rgng cho loan Viing; x;ic djnh mdt sd KKT ddng luc ciia \ iing dl tap trung ngudn lire phat trien trong giai doan dau.
Hoan thidn cac co che, chfnh sach ddu tu de huy ddng tdng hgp cac ngudn vdn va da dang boa hinh thiic ddu tu dl tiep tuc ddu tuxdy dimg cac cdng trinh ha tang thiet yd'u trong cac KKT; tang cudng tfnh chii ddng ciia cac dja phirong trong vide huy ddng cac ngudn vdn dau tu xdy dimg ha tang KKT.
- Ddi mdi, hoan thidn co che, chfnh sach, md hinh quan ly nha nudc vl KKT: cd chfnh sach dac thii doi vdi timg KKT d l phat huy tdi da lgi thi, tilm nang KKT; xdy dung mdi trudng the che thdng thoang, khoa hgc, phdn cdng, phdi hgp thd'ng nhdt giiia cacco quan; quan ly KKT tdp tmng theo lanh thd ve kinh te, xa hdi, ddn cur.
Xdy dung cac chuong trinh xiic tiln ddu tu cua Viing, trong dd xac dinh trgng tdm quang ba, thu hut cac dir an ddu tu trong cac linh vuc cd cd tilm nang, the manh da duoc xac dinh.B
TAP CHi KHU CONG NGHIEP VIET NAM 1
